方法一、通过 Dockerfile 构建
创建Dockerfile
首先，创建目录python,用于存放后面的相关东西。
w3cschool@w3cschool:~$ mdkir -p ~/python ~/python/myapp
myapp目录将映射为python容器配置的应用目录
进入创建的python目录，创建Dockerfile
FROM buildpack-deps:jessie # remove several traces of debian python RUN apt-get purge -y python.* # http://bugs.python.org/issue19846 # > At the moment, setting "LANG=C" on a Linux system *fundamentally breaks Python 3*, and that's not OK. ENV LANG C.UTF-8 # gpg: key F73C700D: public key "Larry Hastings <[email protected]>" imported ENV GPG_KEY 97FC712E4C024BBEA48A61ED3A5CA953F73C700D ENV PYTHON_VERSION 3.5.1 # if this is called "PIP_VERSION", pip explodes with "ValueError: invalid truth value '<VERSION>'" ENV PYTHON_PIP_VERSION 8.1.2 RUN set -ex \ && curl -fSL "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${PYTHON_VERSION%%[a-z]*}/Python-$PYTHON_VERSION.tar.xz" -o python.tar.xz \ && curl -fSL "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${PYTHON_VERSION%%[a-z]*}/Python-$PYTHON_VERSION.tar.xz.asc" -o python.tar.xz.asc \ && export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)" \ && gpg --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys "$GPG_KEY" \ && gpg --batch --verify python.tar.xz.asc python.tar.xz \ && rm -r "$GNUPGHOME" python.tar.xz.asc \ && mkdir -p /usr/src/python \ && tar -xJC /usr/src/python --strip-components=1 -f python.tar.xz \ && rm python.tar.xz \ \ && cd /usr/src/python \ && ./configure --enable-shared --enable-unicode=ucs4 \ && make -j$(nproc) \ && make install \ && ldconfig \ && pip3 install --no-cache-dir --upgrade --ignore-installed pip==$PYTHON_PIP_VERSION \ && find /usr/local -depth \ \( \ \( -type d -a -name test -o -name tests \) \ -o \ \( -type f -a -name '*.pyc' -o -name '*.pyo' \) \ \) -exec rm -rf '{}' + \ && rm -rf /usr/src/python ~/.cache # make some useful symlinks that are expected to exist RUN cd /usr/local/bin \ && ln -s easy_install-3.5 easy_install \ && ln -s idle3 idle \ && ln -s pydoc3 pydoc \ && ln -s python3 python \ && ln -s python3-config python-config CMD ["python3"]
通过Dockerfile创建一个镜像，替换成你自己的名字
w3cschool@w3cschool:~/python$ docker build -t python:3.5 .
创建完成后，我们可以在本地的镜像列表里查找到刚刚创建的镜像
w3cschool@w3cschool:~/python$ docker images python:3.5 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE python 3.5 045767ddf24a 9 days ago 684.1 MB
方法二、docker pull python:3.5
查找Docker Hub上的python镜像
w3cschool@w3cschool:~/python$ docker search python NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED python Python is an interpreted,... 982 [OK] kaggle/python Docker image for Python... 33 [OK] azukiapp/python Docker image to run Python ... 3 [OK] vimagick/python mini python 2 [OK] tsuru/python Image for the Python ... 2 [OK] pandada8/alpine-python An alpine based python image 1 [OK] 1science/python Python Docker images based on ... 1 [OK] lucidfrontier45/python-uwsgi Python with uWSGI 1 [OK] orbweb/python Python image 1 [OK] pathwar/python Python template for Pathwar levels 1 [OK] rounds/10m-python Python, setuptools and pip. 0 [OK] ruimashita/python ubuntu 14.04 python 0 [OK] tnanba/python Python on CentOS-7 image. 0 [OK]
这里我们拉取官方的镜像,标签为3.5
w3cschool@w3cschool:~/python$ docker pull python:3.5
等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到REPOSITORY为python,标签为3.5的镜像。
使用python镜像
在~/python/myapp目录下创建一个 helloworld.py 文件，代码如下：
#!/usr/bin/python
print("Hello, World!");运行容器
w3cschool@w3cschool:~/python$ docker run -v $PWD/myapp:/usr/src/myapp -w /usr/src/myapp python:3.5 python helloworld.py
命令说明：
-v $PWD/myapp:/usr/src/myapp :将主机中当前目录下的myapp挂载到容器的/usr/src/myapp
-w /usr/src/myapp :指定容器的/usr/src/myapp目录为工作目录
python helloworld.py :使用容器的python命令来执行工作目录中的helloworld.py文件
输出结果：
Hello, World!