前端每日实战:141# 视频演示如何用 CSS 的 Grid 布局创作一枚小狗邮票
效果预览
按下右侧的“点击预览”按钮可以在当前页面预览,点击链接可以全屏预览。
https://codepen.io/comehope/pen/BOeEYV
可交互视频
此视频是可以交互的,你可以随时暂停视频,编辑视频中的代码。
请用 chrome, safari, edge 打开观看。
https://scrimba.com/p/pEgDAM/cPQ3vcq
源代码下载
每日前端实战系列的全部源代码请从 github 下载:
https://github.com/comehope/front-end-daily-challenges
代码解读
定义 dom,容器表示邮票:
<div class="stamp"> </div>
居中显示:
body { margin: 0; height: 100vh; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; background-color: teal; }
设置容器尺寸:
.stamp { position: relative; width: 40.5em; height: 71em; font-size: 6px; padding: 5em; background-color: white; }
用重复背景绘制出邮票的齿孔:
.stamp { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; justify-content: center; } .stamp::after, .stamp::before { content: ''; width: 100%; height: 100%; position: absolute; background: radial-gradient(circle, teal 50%, transparent 50%), radial-gradient(circle, teal 50%, transparent 50%); background-size: 3.5em 3.5em; } .stamp::before { top: 1.5em; background-repeat: repeat-y; background-position: -4.5% 0, 104.5% 0; } .stamp::after { left: 1.5em; background-repeat: repeat-x; background-position: 0 -2.5%, 0 102.5%; }
在 html 文件中增加小狗的 dom 元素,子元素分别表示耳朵、头部、眼睛、舌头、身体、尾巴和爪子:
<div class="stamp"> <div class="puppy"> <span class="ear"></span> <span class="head"></span> <span class="eyes"></span> <span class="tongue"></span> <span class="body"></span> <span class="tail"></span> <span class="foot"></span> </div> </div>
设置 grid 布局的行列尺寸:
.puppy { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 10em 22.5em 8em; grid-template-rows: 21em 12.5em 3.75em 22.5em; background-color: tan; padding: 2em; margin-top: -1em; }
画出小狗的头部,跨第1列和第2列、第2行和第3行,是一个半圆形:
.head { grid-column: 1 / 3; grid-row: 2 / 4; border-bottom-left-radius: calc(12.5em + 3.75em); border-bottom-right-radius: calc(12.5em + 3.75em); background-color: bisque; }
用伪元素画出鼻子,是一个扇形,多余的部分被隐藏了:
.head { position: relative; overflow: hidden; } .head::before { content: ''; position: absolute; width: 7em; height: 7em; border-bottom-right-radius: 100%; background-color: sienna; }
画出半圆形的眼晕:
.eyes { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 2; justify-self: end; position: relative; height: 10.5em; width: 21em; border-radius: 0 0 10.5em 10.5em; background-color: sienna; }
用径向渐变画出眼珠:
.eyes { background-image: radial-gradient( circle at 37% 33%, black 1.4em, transparent 1.4em ); }
画出半圆形的耳朵:
.ear { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1; justify-self: end; width: 10.5em; border-radius: 21em 0 0 21em; background-color: sienna; }
画出扇形的舌头:
.tongue { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 3; width: 5.5em; height: 5.5em; background-color: indianred; border-bottom-left-radius: 100%; }
画出扇形的身体:
.body { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 4; background-color: sienna; border-top-left-radius: 100%; }
用伪元素,通过阴影画出中蹲着的腿:
.body { position: relative; overflow: hidden; } .body::after { content: ''; position: absolute; height: 50%; width: 100%; border-radius: 11.25em 11.25em 0 0; box-shadow: 2em 0 4em rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); bottom: 0; }
画出半圆形的尾巴:
.tail { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 4; justify-self: end; align-self: end; height: 17.5em; width: 8.75em; background-color: bisque; border-radius: 17.5em 0 0 17.5em; }
画出半圆形的小爪子:
.foot { grid-column: 3; grid-row: 4; align-self: end; height: 4em; background-color: bisque; border-radius: 4em 4em 0 0; }
在 dom 中再增加一些文本,包括标题、作者和面值:
<div class="stamp"> <div class="puppy"> <!-- 略 --> </div> <p class="text"> <span class="title">Puppy</span> <span class="author">comehope</span> <span class="face-value">80</span> </p> </div>
设置标题的文字样式:
.text { position: relative; width: calc(100% + 2em * 2); height: 6em; font-family: sans-serif; } .text .title { position: absolute; font-size: 6em; font-weight: bold; color: sienna; }
设置作者的文字样式:
.text .author { position: absolute; font-size: 3em; bottom: -1.2em; color: dimgray; }
设置面值的文字样式:
.text .face-value { position: absolute; font-size: 14em; right: 0; line-height: 0.9em; color: darkcyan; }
大功告成!
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