Mac下使用tree命令展示文件树
背景
在写代码文档的时候,经常会用到展示项目架构,这时候如果可以有命令直接打印出目录树那就再好不过了,免的截图了。
思路
网上找了下,果然是有这种工具的,Mac - tree命令。
Mac默认是没有tree
命令的,需要手工安装下:
brew install tree
安装好之后,看下帮助文档:
$ tree --help usage: tree [-acdfghilnpqrstuvxACDFJQNSUX] [-H baseHREF] [-T title ] [-L level [-R]] [-P pattern] [-I pattern] [-o filename] [--version] [--help] [--inodes] [--device] [--noreport] [--nolinks] [--dirsfirst] [--charset charset] [--filelimit[=]#] [--si] [--timefmt[=]<f>] [--sort[=]<name>] [--matchdirs] [--ignore-case] [--fromfile] [--] [<directory list>] ------- Listing options ------- -a All files are listed. -d List directories only. -l Follow symbolic links like directories. -f Print the full path prefix for each file. -x Stay on current filesystem only. -L level Descend only level directories deep. -R Rerun tree when max dir level reached. -P pattern List only those files that match the pattern given. -I pattern Do not list files that match the given pattern. --ignore-case Ignore case when pattern matching. --matchdirs Include directory names in -P pattern matching. --noreport Turn off file/directory count at end of tree listing. --charset X Use charset X for terminal/HTML and indentation line output. --filelimit # Do not descend dirs with more than # files in them. --timefmt <f> Print and format time according to the format <f>. -o filename Output to file instead of stdout. ------- File options ------- -q Print non-printable characters as '?'. -N Print non-printable characters as is. -Q Quote filenames with double quotes. -p Print the protections for each file. -u Displays file owner or UID number. -g Displays file group owner or GID number. -s Print the size in bytes of each file. -h Print the size in a more human readable way. --si Like -h, but use in SI units (powers of 1000). -D Print the date of last modification or (-c) status change. -F Appends '/', '=', '*', '@', '|' or '>' as per ls -F. --inodes Print inode number of each file. --device Print device ID number to which each file belongs. ------- Sorting options ------- -v Sort files alphanumerically by version. -t Sort files by last modification time. -c Sort files by last status change time. -U Leave files unsorted. -r Reverse the order of the sort. --dirsfirst List directories before files (-U disables). --sort X Select sort: name,version,size,mtime,ctime. ------- Graphics options ------- -i Don't print indentation lines. -A Print ANSI lines graphic indentation lines. -S Print with CP437 (console) graphics indentation lines. -n Turn colorization off always (-C overrides). -C Turn colorization on always. ------- XML/HTML/JSON options ------- -X Prints out an XML representation of the tree. -J Prints out an JSON representation of the tree. -H baseHREF Prints out HTML format with baseHREF as top directory. -T string Replace the default HTML title and H1 header with string. --nolinks Turn off hyperlinks in HTML output. ------- Input options ------- --fromfile Reads paths from files (.=stdin) ------- Miscellaneous options ------- --version Print version and exit. --help Print usage and this help message and exit. -- Options processing terminator.
可以添加的参数很多,那么该用那些呢?
在一个
python
项目中,先只加文件夹名看下:$ tree app app ├── __init__.py ├── __pycache__ │ └── __init__.cpython-37.pyc ├── main │ ├── __init__.py │ ├── __pycache__ │ │ ├── __init__.cpython-37.pyc │ │ ├── functions.cpython-37.pyc │ │ └── views.cpython-37.pyc │ ├── functions.py │ └── views.py └── module ├── __init__.py ├── __pycache__ │ ├── __init__.cpython-37.pyc │ ├── functions.cpython-37.pyc │ └── views.cpython-37.pyc ├── functions.py └── views.py 5 directories, 14 files
pyc
是编译的临时文件,我们要把删掉,看下说明,可以用-I
来:$ tree -I *.pyc app app ├── __init__.py ├── __pycache__ ├── main │ ├── __init__.py │ ├── __pycache__ │ ├── functions.py │ └── views.py └── module ├── __init__.py ├── __pycache__ ├── functions.py └── views.py 5 directories, 7 files
__pycache__
也是临时文件,也把删掉:tree -I *.pyc -I __pycache__ app app ├── __init__.py ├── main │ ├── __init__.py │ ├── functions.py │ └── views.py └── module ├── __init__.py ├── functions.py └── views.py 2 directories, 7 files
可以看出
-I
是可以加多个的,每个-I
后面加一个pattern
。在上面的例子中,其实所有的
.pyc
文件都在__pychache__
文件夹下,可以直接忽略该文件夹即可:$ tree -I __pycache__ app app ├── __init__.py ├── main │ ├── __init__.py │ ├── functions.py │ └── views.py └── module ├── __init__.py ├── functions.py └── views.py 2 directories, 7 files
那么如果只要文件夹的结构呢?
-d
参数$ tree -d app app ├── __pycache__ ├── main │ └── __pycache__ └── module └── __pycache__ 5 directories
忽略
__pycache__
文件夹:$ tree -d -I __pycache__ app app ├── main └── module 2 directories
总结
通过brew
安装tree
工具之后,即可在命令行中使用tree
命令展示文件文件夹目录树:
直接加对应的文件夹来展示某文件夹范围内的文件树
$ tree app
使用
-I
参数来忽略不展示的文件或子文件夹,可添加多个-I
$ tree -I *.pyc -I __pycache__ app
使用
-d
来仅展示文件夹树$ tree -d app
多参数可以混合使用
$ tree -d -I __pycache__ app
更多的参数使用,可以在有需要的时候参考
--help
内容$ tree --help
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