Oracle 12C数据库PSU补丁安装方式的变化---新增datapatch

需求：安装Oracle 12.1.0.2数据库的PSU 20160719补丁

一.安装步骤：

1.补丁下载

将/usr/ccs/bin和OPatch路径加到$PATH中：

csssit@msuu335:/csssitarch$ echo $PATH
 /usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/csssitapp/oracsssit/12.1.0/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:/csssitapp/oracsssit/12.1.0/OPatch

MOS上下载最新的opatch补丁：p6880880_122010_SOLARIS64.zip
 cd $ORACLE_HOME
 mv OPatch OPatch_old
 uzip p6880880_122010_SOLARIS64.zip -d $ORACLE_HOME/
 chown -R csssit:dba $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch

MOS上下载12.1.0.2的PSU 20160719补丁：p23273629_121020_SOLARIS64.zip

2.补丁安装

cd /csssitarch/software
 mkdir psu
 unzip p23273629_121020_SOLARIS64.zip ./psu
 cd psu
 cd 23273629
 cd 23054246
 opatch apply
根据提示输入Y，直到安装提示成功.
cd ..
 cd 23054327
 opatch apply
根据提示输入Y，直到安装提示成功.

csssit@msuu335:/csssitarch/software/psu/23273629$ opatch lsinventory
 Installed Top-level Products (1):

Oracle Database 12c 12.1.0.2.0
 There are 1 products installed in this Oracle Home.

 Interim patches (2) :

Patch 23054327 : applied on Mon Sep 12 17:47:47 CST 2016
 Unique Patch ID: 20235292
 Patch description: "OCW Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.160719 (23054327)"
 Created on 16 Jul 2016, 15:20:37 hrs UTC
 Bugs fixed:
 21339083, 19701617, 18589889, 20768643, 19139608, 19280860, 19061429
 21453435, 19133945, 19341538, 19521169, 20011424, 18946768, 19135521
 18604143, 19361757, 19187207, 19302350, 19627476, 19130141, 19530755
 20568884, 20317221, 19699720, 20177779, 19620918, 19168690, 19266658
 18899171, 19244316, 19653795, 18330979, 19027351, 18634372, 19471722
 21227730, 18707416, 19536337, 19184188, 19131709, 21113068, 20235486
 19925992, 20160490, 20006646, 20995001, 18991776, 18439295, 15922206
 21131037, 19380733, 21245437, 18943696, 20552947, 19591984, 19550195
 19163425, 18135723, 20014326, 19524857, 18849021, 18890943, 18861196
 19154753, 17940721, 18524834, 18748932, 18835283, 19522313, 19184765
 19499021, 21639478, 19046190, 20923930, 14851828, 20028666, 19051385
 19050688, 19682695, 19831611, 20598625, 19226141, 21607972, 19053891
 18871287, 18998228, 18922918, 18980002, 21087799, 18956780, 19683886
 19325604, 19682778, 23757020, 19026993, 18777835, 20110156, 17338864
 21269977, 18261648, 18362971, 19558324, 22651583, 18945906, 19513650
 20185476, 18952577, 19702758, 18882642, 19478119, 19414274, 17447588
 19262534, 20752167, 19147513, 21242118, 19514085, 19473088, 20758997
 19178517, 18729269, 19529729, 19659885, 19455563, 19319904, 20877072
 18703978, 18536826, 20340620, 19700256, 19703246, 19292605, 20467806
 22264951, 19192901, 21527118, 20920711, 20660273, 20011635, 17592037
 22989069, 19479503, 19147751, 19029647, 19179158, 22302421, 18901356
 19140712, 20012766, 21232394, 18964974, 22162062, 18835366, 19184276
 19013789, 19207286, 20001507, 20510208, 18950232, 22583325, 19259765
 19148791, 19680763, 20079414, 19556820, 16505171, 22135419, 19449737
 18962892, 21646169, 19187515, 19513888, 19230771, 14661880, 21519340
 20218012, 21222147, 20795241, 19453778, 19853036, 19551830, 19068333
 21616278, 18843572, 18520351, 18945435, 19185148, 19232454, 20775015
 21220597, 18541110, 19319192, 18834955, 19204743, 19178629, 20839581
 19304104, 21694237, 19140891, 18747335, 19284357, 20676340, 19270660
 19457575, 20725084, 21297657, 19021575, 19069755, 18715884, 18798573
 19584688, 19018001, 19812592, 19325701, 19270956, 19292272, 21967791
 20877003, 21794779, 18700893, 19222693, 19662663, 21276514, 18406774
 19684131, 20607821, 19010177, 21082737, 19272663, 18910576, 18907170
 21694632, 19426384, 9372680, 20115586, 20883009, 19700294, 19164099
 20289828, 19331454, 18283792, 20278216, 20827053, 19155350, 20119857
 19703199, 22456393, 20588164, 18955644, 20991879, 18508710, 19908346
 18798432, 19146822, 19589221, 21123424, 18952857, 19471836, 19537762
 20936562, 21152052, 16286734, 18750781, 20669114, 18762843, 18945249
 19045143, 19146980, 22483804, 19184799, 19205086, 19601003, 20099624
 19351363, 21378016, 20091753, 18862203, 19281106, 19537547, 19031737
 19079087, 19148367, 18968981, 19150517, 20231741, 19954372, 19217019
 18730096, 18235274, 18975620, 19205617, 19513351, 18843054, 19150313
 20219458, 18708349, 19332386, 18953639, 19067804, 21423055, 21259359
 19371270, 19203996, 19054979, 19209951, 19318983, 18747382, 20038431
 19154673, 18752378, 22905714, 19150088, 19370846, 19013444, 19234177
 21053036, 18998379, 20157569, 21357522, 18999857, 19273577, 19075747
 19367276, 19632437, 18990354, 19288396, 19874047, 19612597, 19557558
 20620581, 19427050, 19127078, 18910443, 20900588, 22088198, 20053557
 20033787, 19315567, 19444471, 19148982, 20953798, 18290252, 18813323
 19915945, 19777496, 19500293, 20730170, 18643483, 19277814, 19134098
 18523468, 20562133, 19071526, 21420753, 18965694, 19226858, 18850051
 20433932, 19602208, 19591356, 22884308, 20061168, 18417590, 19370739
 18920408, 20822591, 18636884, 19609388, 20136892, 18776786, 18989446
 22289350, 19148793, 19043795, 19585454, 20746507, 18260170, 18317489
 19955755, 18919682, 19059053, 19807548, 19124972, 18678829, 19147509
 18849896, 19617592, 18910748, 18953878, 19273758, 19319357, 19076165
 18999195, 19498411, 19704993, 18759724, 21294273, 19459023, 20634511
 21474380, 19066844, 21484367, 20276459, 17208793, 19234907, 20290467
 13843841, 19538714, 19649640, 19383028, 19062675, 21924910, 19513969
 22195657, 18859710, 20862812, 19504641, 19341481, 18304090, 20293730
 19986391, 19343245, 19314048, 18834934, 19473851, 19241655, 19458082
 18242738, 19470791, 18894342, 20649573, 18372060, 19522067, 18953889
 18827679, 19259290, 19023430, 19140711, 19045388, 20186278, 19241857
 19522571, 19076778, 18875012, 19709663, 18861564, 19066699, 19273760
 19225265, 15885689, 20853464, 18819158, 21696068, 19068003, 18937186
 20267877, 19049721, 21394146, 19916737, 19368917, 22393909, 21255373
 19635215, 18868829, 19613533, 20579351, 20408163, 20350915, 21327402
 21057239, 22024217, 20783416, 19315522, 19141785, 23101338, 19163887
 19885321, 19820247, 18715868, 18852058, 20363708, 19538241, 19804032

Patch 23054246 : applied on Mon Sep 12 17:44:03 CST 2016
 Unique Patch ID: 20274131
 Patch description: "Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.160719 (23054246)"
 Created on 13 Jul 2016, 06:40:56 hrs PST8PDT
 Sub-patch 22291127; "Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.160419 (22291127)"
 Sub-patch 21948354; "Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.160119 (21948354)"
 Sub-patch 21359755; "Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.5 (21359755)"
 Sub-patch 20831110; "Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.4 (20831110)"
 Sub-patch 20299023; "Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.3 (20299023)"
 Sub-patch 19769480; "Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.2 (19769480)"
 Bugs fixed:
 19189525, 21847223, 21099555, 21649497, 19075256, 19141838, 22762046
 22075064, 20117253, 19865345, 19791273, 18845653, 19280225, 19248799
 19243521, 20951038, 18988834, 21756699, 21281532, 19238590, 21184223
 18921743, 20245930, 18799063, 19134173, 20373598, 19571367, 20476175
 20925795, 19018206, 20509482, 20711718, 20387265, 20588502, 19149990
 21263635, 18849537, 18886413, 17551063, 22507210, 19183343, 19366375
 19703301, 21917884, 19001390, 18202441, 19189317, 20267166, 19644859
 19390567, 19358317, 19279273, 19706965, 18549238, 16863642, 19068970
 22528741, 18797519, 20825533, 19619732, 18607546, 20348653, 19649152
 19670108, 18940497, 18948177, 19315691, 19676905, 18964978, 19176326
 20165574, 19035573, 20413820, 17867700, 20558005, 19176223, 19532017
 20904530, 20134339, 19450314, 19074147, 22353346, 20868862, 18411216
 22507234, 20361671, 20425790, 18966843, 20009833, 22366558, 21329301
 20294666, 18191823, 19333670, 19195895, 19371175, 19307662, 19154375
 20043616, 20124446, 18914624, 19468991, 19883092, 21291274, 19382851
 19520602, 19174521, 21875360, 19676012, 19326908, 19658708, 19591608
 19402853, 20093776, 20618595, 21787056, 22380919, 21246723, 17835294
 19721304, 19068610, 19791377, 21665897, 22178855, 22173980, 20048359
 20746251, 19143550, 20898391, 19185876, 19627012, 20281121, 19577410
 22092979, 19001359, 14283239, 19518079, 18610915, 19490948, 17532734
 18674024, 18306996, 19309466, 19081128, 19524158, 19915271, 20122715
 21188532, 18791688, 20284155, 20890311, 21442094, 20596234, 18973548
 21296029, 19303936, 19597439, 20936905, 20235511, 21220620, 20880215
 18964939, 21756677, 19888853, 19534363, 19430401, 19354335, 19044962
 19639483, 22296366, 22353199, 21153266, 19409212, 19879746, 20657441
 19684504, 20528052, 19024808, 20977794, 20378086, 18799993, 21756661
 21260431, 18740837, 22923409, 19028800, 20877664, 20228093, 20879889
 19065556, 19723336, 19077215, 19604659, 21421886, 19524384, 17722075
 19308965, 18288842, 19048007, 19689979, 20446883, 18952989, 16870214
 19928926, 19835133, 21629064, 21526048, 19197175, 19180770, 20466628
 19902195, 19931709, 20318889, 19013183, 19730508, 19012119, 19067244
 20074391, 20356733, 14643995, 19512341, 19841800, 20331945, 19587324
 19065677, 19547370, 19578350, 21225209, 19637186, 20397490, 18967382
 19174430, 21241829, 19054077, 18674047, 20898997, 19708632, 19536415
 21091431, 19289642, 20869721, 22168163, 19335438, 19258504, 20447445
 17365043, 18856999, 19468347, 19869255, 20471920, 21373473, 21620471
 16359751, 18990693, 17890099, 19769480, 19439759, 19272708, 18990023
 19978542, 19329654, 20101006, 21300341, 20402832, 19873610, 20848335
 23229229, 21744290, 21668627, 21517440, 13542050, 19304354, 19052488
 20794034, 19291380, 21915719, 23260854, 18681056, 20952966, 19896336
 19076343, 19561643, 18618122, 19990037, 20440930, 18456643, 19699191
 19201867, 19487147, 18909599, 20831538, 19016730, 18250893, 20798891
 18743542, 20347562, 16619249, 18354830, 22551446, 19777862, 19687159
 21373076, 19174942, 20424899, 21188584, 19989009, 17414008, 20688221
 21899588, 20441797, 19157754, 19058490, 19032777, 22815955, 19399918
 18885870, 19434529, 21273804, 19018447, 21450666, 18893947, 18851894
 16923858, 18417036, 20919320, 19022470, 19284031, 20474192, 20173897
 22046677, 22062026, 19501299, 19385656, 20920911, 17274537, 20899461
 21315084, 19440586, 16887946, 22374754, 17319928, 19606174, 20708701
 18436647, 17655240, 19023822, 19124589, 19178851, 16439813, 19805359
 19597583, 18499088, 19155797, 19050649, 19393542

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

OPatch succeeded.

3.补丁注册

将补丁注册到数据字典中：
cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
 sqlplus /nolog
 SQL> CONNECT / AS SYSDBA
 SQL> STARTUP
 SQL> @catbundle.sql psu apply
执行成功后，查看:
SQL> select * from dba_registry_history;
 no rows selected
没有记录，查阅资料显示12C改为查看:

SQL> select patch_id,action,status from dba_registry_sqlpatch;
 no rows selected

同样没有记录，后面从网上查到12C的补丁注册改成了用datapatch工具。
 改为datapatch执行操作：

csssit@msuu335:cd $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch
 csssit@msuu335:~/12.1.0/OPatch$ ./datapatch -verbose
 SQL Patching tool version 12.1.0.2.0 on Tue Sep 13 08:51:19 2016
 Copyright (c) 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Log file for this invocation: /csssitapp/oracsssit/cfgtoollogs/sqlpatch/sqlpatch_21004_2016_09_13_08_51_19/sqlpatch_invocation.log

Connecting to database...OK
 Bootstrapping registry and package to current versions...done
 Determining current state...done

Current state of SQL patches:
 Bundle series PSU:
 ID 160719 in the binary registry and not installed in the SQL registry

Adding patches to installation queue and performing prereq checks...
 Installation queue:
 Nothing to roll back
 The following patches will be applied:
 23054246 (Database Patch Set Update : 12.1.0.2.160719 (23054246))

Installing patches...
 Patch installation complete. Total patches installed: 1

Validating logfiles...
 Patch 23054246 apply: SUCCESS
 logfile: /csssitapp/oracsssit/cfgtoollogs/sqlpatch/23054246/20274131/23054246_apply_CSSSIT_2016Sep13_08_52_27.log (no errors)
 SQL Patching tool complete on Tue Sep 13 08:52:57 2016

 SQL> select patch_id,action,status from dba_registry_sqlpatch;

PATCH_ID ACTION STATUS
 ---------- --------------- ---------------
 23054246 APPLY SUCCESS

SQL> select * from dba_registry_history;

no rows selected

现在通过dba_registry_sqlpatch已查看到了注册的补丁，而通过dba_registry_history依然没有记录。

二.Datapatch工具说明：
 数据库 12c Datapatch 是 Oracle 数据库 12c 中的另一个新工具，它可以自动为数据库补丁执行 post-patch SQL 操作。
Datapatch 通过匹配一个内部存储库与 patch inventory 来决定所需的应用/回滚操作。 Datapatch 驻留在的 opatch 目录，即 $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch 文件夹（在 Windows 平台上： %ORACLE_HOME%\OPatch）。
 数据库 12c Datapatch 支持 Oracle 多租户，并且简化并加快了多个数据库打补丁的过程。
 哪些补丁工具使用了 Datapatch?
 Opatchauto
 OPatchAuto 自动调用 datapatch 完成安装数据库的二进制补丁并重启后 post patch 的操作。
 企业管理云控制（Enterprise Manager Cloud Control）
从 12.1 版本开始，EMCC 现在调用 datapatch 来完成任何 12c 或者更高版本的数据库重启之后的 post patch 的操作
 升级
Catctl.pl 和 DBUA 现在在升级过程中调用 Datapatch
 OPatch
 Datapatch 与 OPatch 的整合是不可能的。因为 OPatch 在数据库关闭时执行，而 datapatch 要求数据库是打开以完成其活动。
SQL 补丁注册表（SQL Patch Registry table）

该表包含了哪些 SQL 补丁已经被应用和/或回滚在给定的数据库的信息。每个数据库都有一个 SQL 补丁注册表，因此，如果在同一个 Oracle 主目录中运行多个数据库，每个数据库都有自己的 SQL 补丁注册表。
 要在注册表中检查 datapatch 条目，从 SQL 提示符下键入以下命令：
select * from dba_registry_sqlpatch;
数据库 12.1.0.2 功能增强
 下列的功能增强是在数据库 12c 补丁集 12.1.0.2 引入:
dba_registry_history 不再用作为补丁信息
datapatch -rollbackall 选项可用来回滚当前已安装的所有 SQL 补丁
Catbundle 被整合到 datapatch
 Datapatch 支持的补丁类型:
 "Napply" Patch
 Composite Patches
 One-off Patches