在Kubernetes集群中部署MySQL主从

本文介绍在Kubernetes集群中部署MySQL主从集群，数据持久化采用NFS。

一、环境介绍
Mysql版本：5.7

Mysql master节点：
主机名：vm1
IP地址：192.168.115.5/24

Mysql slave节点：
主机名：vm2
IP地址：192.168.115.6/24

NFS节点：
主机名：vm2
IP地址：192.168.115.6/24
共享目录：/home/mysql_master、/home/mysql_slave

二、准备mysql主从的镜像环境
dockerfile、docker-entrypoint.sh 文件下载地址如下
https://github.com/docker-library/mysql/tree/master/5.7
由于我们要配置mysql主从，所以需要对dockerfile、docker-entrypoint.sh 文件做一点的修改，主要是在mysql主从配置部分。

准备master的镜像
将Dockerfile, docker-entrypoint.sh复制一份用于build master镜像文件。
在Dockerfile中添加如下内容，将mysql master的server-id设置为1

RUN sed -i '/\[mysqld\]/a server-id=1\nlog-bin' /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

在docker-entrypoint.sh中添加如下内容，创建一个复制用户并赋权限，刷新系统权限表

echo "CREATE USER '$MYSQL_REPLICATION_USER'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '$MYSQL_REPLICATION_PASSWORD' ;" | "${mysql[@]}"
echo "GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO '$MYSQL_REPLICATION_USER'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '$MYSQL_REPLICATION_PASSWORD' ;" | "${mysql[@]}"
echo 'FLUSH PRIVILEGES ;' | "${mysql[@]}"

准备slave的镜像
将Dockerfile, docker-entrypoint.sh复制一份用于build slave镜像文件。
在Dockerfile中添加如下内容，将mysql slave的server-id设置为一个随机数

RUN RAND="$(date +%s | rev | cut -c 1-2)$(echo ${RANDOM})" && sed -i '/\[mysqld\]/a server-id='$RAND'\nlog-bin' /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

在docker-entrypoint.sh中添加如下内容，配置连接master主机的host、user、password等参数，并启动复制进程。

echo "STOP SLAVE;" | "${mysql[@]}" echo "CHANGE MASTER TO master_host='$MYSQL_MASTER_SERVICE_HOST', master_user='$MYSQL_REPLICATION_USER', master_password='$MYSQL_REPLICATION_PASSWORD' ;" | "${mysql[@]}" echo "START SLAVE;" | "${mysql[@]}"

三、开始使用修改好的dockerfile创建mysql master和slave镜像

# cd /root/kubernetes/lnmp/mysql/Dockerfiles/Master
# docker build -t registry.fjhb.cn/mysql-master:0.1 .
# cd /root/kubernetes/lnmp/mysql/Dockerfiles/Slave
# docker build -t registry.fjhb.cn/mysql-slave:0.1 .
# docker push registry.fjhb.cn/mysql-master:0.1
# docker push registry.fjhb.cn/mysql-slave:0.1

四、创建pv和pvc，用于mysql主从存储持久化数据

在nfs服务器上把目录创建出来

# cd /home/
# mkdir mysql_master mysql_slave通过yaml文件创建出两组pv和pvc

# cd /root/kubernetes/lnmp/mysql/Storage
# cat nfs-pv-master.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: pv-nfs-mysql-master
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 5Gi
  accessModes:
  - ReadWriteOnce
  nfs:
    path: /home/mysql_master
    server: 192.168.115.6
  persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Recycle

# cat nfs-pvc-master.yaml
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: pv-nfs-mysql-master
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 5Gi
# cat nfs-pv-slave.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: pv-nfs-mysql-slave
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 6Gi
  accessModes:
  - ReadWriteOnce
  nfs:
    path: /home/mysql_slave
    server: 192.168.115.6
  persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Recycle

# cat nfs-pvc-slave.yaml
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: pv-nfs-mysql-slave
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 6Gi

# kubectl create -f nfs-pv-master.yaml
# kubectl create -f nfs-pvc-master.yaml
# kubectl create -f nfs-pv-slave.yaml
# kubectl create -f nfs-pvc-slave.yaml

五、根据yaml文件创建mysql master ReplicationController和services

# cat mysql-master-rc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:
 name: mysql-master
 labels:
  name: mysql-master
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
  name: mysql-master
  template:
  metadata:
    labels:
    name: mysql-master
  spec:
    containers:
    - name: mysql-master
      image: registry.fjhb.cn/mysql-master:0.1
      volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /var/lib/mysql
          name: mysql-master-data
      ports:
      - containerPort: 3306
      env:
      - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
        value: "12345678"
      - name: MYSQL_REPLICATION_USER
        value: "repl"
      - name: MYSQL_REPLICAITON_PASSWORD
        value: "12345678"
    volumes:
    - name: mysql-master-data
      persistentVolumeClaim:
        claimName: pv-nfs-mysql-master

# cat mysql-master-svc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: mysql-master
  labels:
  name: mysql-master
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - port: 3306
    targetPort: 3306
    name: http
    nodePort: 30066
  selector:
    name: mysql-master

# kubectl create -f mysql-master-rc.yaml
# kubectl create -f mysql-master-svc.yaml

使用mysql客户端连接master测试

六、根据yaml文件创建mysql slave ReplicationController和services

# cat mysql-slave-rc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:
 name: mysql-slave
 labels:
  name: mysql-slave
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
  name: mysql-slave
  template:
  metadata:
    labels:
    name: mysql-slave
  spec:
    containers:
    - name: mysql-slave
      image: registry.fjhb.cn/mysql-slave:0.1
      volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /var/lib/mysql
          name: mysql-slave-data
      ports:
      - containerPort: 3306
      env:
      - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
        value: "12345678"
      - name: MYSQL_REPLICATION_USER
        value: "repl"
      - name: MYSQL_REPLICAITON_PASSWORD
        value: "12345678"
    volumes:
    - name: mysql-slave-data
      persistentVolumeClaim:
        claimName: pv-nfs-mysql-slave

# cat mysql-slave-svc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: mysql-slave
  labels:
  name: mysql-slave
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - port: 3306
    targetPort: 3306
    name: http
    nodePort: 30067
  selector:
    name: mysql-slave

# kubectl create -f mysql-slave-rc.yaml
# kubectl create -f mysql-slave-svc.yaml

七、测试与排错
通过mysql命令行连接slave查看复制的状态，发现状态是connecting

使用slave 容器连接master,发现使用root账号可以正常连接，而使用repl账号无法正常连接，提示access deny

修改master上的repl用户密码

mysql> alter user repl@'%' identified by "12345678";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

完成上述修改后在slave上进行验证一下，repl账号可以正常连接

在slave上进行change master操作，因为创建镜像的时候并未配置GTID参数，所以这里不能使用MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1参数，如果要开启，需要去修改Dockerfile，重新生成镜像。

mysql> stop slave;
mysql> set global sql_slave_skip_counter=1;
CHANGE MASTER TO \
MASTER_HOST='mysql-master', \
MASTER_USER='repl', \
MASTER_PASSWORD='12345678';
mysql> start slave;