GoogleMap V3 图层
https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/javascript/layers?hl=zh-CN
图层是地图上的对象,包含一个或多个单独项,但可作为一个整体进行操作。图层通常反映了您添加到地图上用于指定公共关联的对象集合。Maps API 会通过以下方法管理图层内对象的显示形式。
要在地图上添加图层,只需调用 setMap() 并向其传递要在其中显示图层的地图对象即可。类似地,要隐藏图层,只需调用 setMap() 并传递 null 即可。
Maps API 包含以下几种图层:
KmlLayer 对象,用于在 Maps API V3 图块叠加层中呈现 KML 和 GeoRSS 元素。
Google Maps API 支持采用 KML 和 GeoRSS 数据格式来显示地理信息。这些数据格式使用 KmlLayer 对象显示在地图上,其构造函数采用可公开访问的 KML 或 GeoRSS 文件的网址。
<link href="http://code.google.com/apis/maps/documentation/javascript/examples/default.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <script src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?v=3.exp&sensor=false"></script> <script> function initialize() { var myLatlng = new google.maps.LatLng(30.51667,114.31667); var mapOptions = { zoom: 4, center: myLatlng, mapTypeId: google.maps.MapTypeId.ROADMAP } var map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById('map-canvas'), mapOptions); var georssLayer = new google.maps.KmlLayer({ url: 'http://api.flickr.com/services/feeds/geo/?g=322338@N20&lang=en-us&format=feed-georss' }); georssLayer.setMap(map); } google.maps.event.addDomListener(window, 'load', initialize); </script> </head> <body> <div id="map-canvas"></div> </body>
HeatmapLayer 对象,使用热图可视化技术来呈现地理数据。
<link href="http://code.google.com/apis/maps/documentation/javascript/examples/default.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <script src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?v=3.exp&sensor=false&libraries=visualization"></script> <script> // Adding 500 Data Points var map, pointarray, heatmap; var taxiData = [ new google.maps.LatLng(37.782551, -122.445368), new google.maps.LatLng(37.782745, -122.444586), new google.maps.LatLng(37.782842, -122.443688), new google.maps.LatLng(37.782919, -122.442815), new google.maps.LatLng(37.760556, -122.406495), new google.maps.LatLng(37.759732, -122.406484), new google.maps.LatLng(37.758910, -122.406228), new google.maps.LatLng(37.758182, -122.405695), new google.maps.LatLng(37.757676, -122.405118), new google.maps.LatLng(37.757039, -122.404346), new google.maps.LatLng(37.756335, -122.403719), new google.maps.LatLng(37.755503, -122.403406), new google.maps.LatLng(37.754665, -122.403242), new google.maps.LatLng(37.753837, -122.403172), new google.maps.LatLng(37.752986, -122.403112), new google.maps.LatLng(37.751266, -122.403355) ]; function initialize() { var mapOptions = { zoom: 13, center: new google.maps.LatLng(37.774546, -122.433523), mapTypeId: google.maps.MapTypeId.SATELLITE }; map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById('map-canvas'), mapOptions); var pointArray = new google.maps.MVCArray(taxiData); heatmap = new google.maps.visualization.HeatmapLayer({ data: pointArray }); heatmap.setMap(map); } function toggleHeatmap() { heatmap.setMap(heatmap.getMap() ? null : map); } function changeGradient() { var gradient = [ 'rgba(0, 255, 255, 0)', 'rgba(0, 255, 255, 1)', 'rgba(0, 191, 255, 1)', 'rgba(0, 127, 255, 1)', 'rgba(0, 63, 255, 1)', 'rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)', 'rgba(0, 0, 223, 1)', 'rgba(0, 0, 191, 1)', 'rgba(0, 0, 159, 1)', 'rgba(0, 0, 127, 1)', 'rgba(63, 0, 91, 1)', 'rgba(127, 0, 63, 1)', 'rgba(191, 0, 31, 1)', 'rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)' ] heatmap.setOptions({ gradient: heatmap.get('gradient') ? null : gradient }); } function changeRadius() { heatmap.setOptions({radius: heatmap.get('radius') ? null : 20}); } function changeOpacity() { heatmap.setOptions({opacity: heatmap.get('opacity') ? null : 0.2}); } google.maps.event.addDomListener(window, 'load', initialize); </script> </head> <body> <div id="panel"> <button onclick="toggleHeatmap()">Toggle Heatmap</button> <button onclick="changeGradient()">Change gradient</button> <button onclick="changeRadius()">Change radius</button> <button onclick="changeOpacity()">Change opacity</button> </div> <div id="map-canvas"></div> </body>
FusionTablesLayer 对象,用于呈现 Google Fusion Tables 中包含的数据。
<link href="http://code.google.com/apis/maps/documentation/javascript/examples/default.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <script src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?v=3.exp&sensor=false"></script> <script> var map, layer; function initialize() { var chicago = new google.maps.LatLng(41.850033, -87.6500523); map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById('map-canvas'), { center: chicago, zoom: 11, mapTypeId: google.maps.MapTypeId.ROADMAP }); layer = new google.maps.FusionTablesLayer({ query: { select: '\'Geocodable address\'', from: '1mZ53Z70NsChnBMm-qEYmSDOvLXgrreLTkQUvvg' } }); layer.setMap(map); } google.maps.event.addDomListener(window, 'load', initialize); </script> </head> <body> <div id="map-canvas"></div> </body>
TrafficLayer 对象,用于呈现描述路况情况的图层和表示路况的叠加层。
<link href="http://code.google.com/apis/maps/documentation/javascript/examples/default.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <script src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?v=3.exp&sensor=false"></script> <script> function initialize() { var myLatlng = new google.maps.LatLng(34.04924594193164, -118.24104309082031); var mapOptions = { zoom: 13, center: myLatlng, mapTypeId: google.maps.MapTypeId.ROADMAP } var map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById('map-canvas'), mapOptions); var trafficLayer = new google.maps.TrafficLayer(); trafficLayer.setMap(map); } google.maps.event.addDomListener(window, 'load', initialize); </script> </head> <body> <div id="map-canvas"></div> </body>
TransitLayer 对象,用于在地图上显示您所在城市的公交网络。
<link href="http://code.google.com/apis/maps/documentation/javascript/examples/default.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <script src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?v=3.exp&sensor=false"></script> <script> function initialize() { var myLatlng = new google.maps.LatLng(51.501904,-0.115871); var mapOptions = { zoom: 13, center: myLatlng, mapTypeId: google.maps.MapTypeId.ROADMAP } var map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById('map-canvas'), mapOptions); var transitLayer = new google.maps.TransitLayer(); transitLayer.setMap(map); } google.maps.event.addDomListener(window, 'load', initialize); </script> </head> <body> <div id="map-canvas"></div> </body>
WeatherLayer 和 CloudLayer 对象,可让您向地图添加天气预报和云图。
<link href="http://code.google.com/apis/maps/documentation/javascript/examples/default.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <script src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?v=3.exp&sensor=false&libraries=weather"></script> <script> function initialize() { var mapOptions = { zoom: 6, center: new google.maps.LatLng(49.265984,-123.127491), mapTypeId: google.maps.MapTypeId.ROADMAP }; var map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById('map-canvas'), mapOptions); var weatherLayer = new google.maps.weather.WeatherLayer({ temperatureUnits: google.maps.weather.TemperatureUnit.FAHRENHEIT }); weatherLayer.setMap(map); var cloudLayer = new google.maps.weather.CloudLayer(); cloudLayer.setMap(map); } google.maps.event.addDomListener(window, 'load', initialize); </script> </head> <body> <div id="map-canvas"></div> </body>
BicyclingLayer 对象,用于在公共图层中呈现自行车道的图层和/或自行车专用叠加层。默认情况下,在请求出行模式 BICYCLING 的路线时,系统会在 DirectionsRenderer 中返回该图层。
<link href="http://code.google.com/apis/maps/documentation/javascript/examples/default.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <script src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?v=3.exp&sensor=false"></script> <script> function initialize() { var myLatlng = new google.maps.LatLng(42.3726399, -71.1096528); var mapOptions = { zoom: 14, center: myLatlng, mapTypeId: google.maps.MapTypeId.ROADMAP }; var map = new google.maps.Map( document.getElementById('map-canvas'), mapOptions); var bikeLayer = new google.maps.BicyclingLayer(); bikeLayer.setMap(map); } google.maps.event.addDomListener(window, 'load', initialize); </script> </head> <body> <div id="map-canvas"></div> </body>
PanoramioLayer 对象,用于添加 Panoramio 中的照片作为图层。
<link href="http://code.google.com/apis/maps/documentation/javascript/examples/default.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <style> #photo-panel { background: #fff; padding: 5px; overflow-y: auto; overflow-x: hidden; width: 300px; max-height: 300px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Arial; border: 1px solid #ccc; box-shadow: -2px 2px 2px rgba(33, 33, 33, 0.4); display: none; } </style> <script src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?v=3.exp&sensor=false&libraries=panoramio"></script> <script> function initialize() { var mapOptions = { zoom: 16, center: new google.maps.LatLng(47.651743, -122.349243), mapTypeId: google.maps.MapTypeId.ROADMAP }; var map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById('map-canvas'), mapOptions); var panoramioLayer = new google.maps.panoramio.PanoramioLayer(); panoramioLayer.setMap(map); var photoPanel = document.getElementById('photo-panel'); map.controls[google.maps.ControlPosition.RIGHT_TOP].push(photoPanel); google.maps.event.addListener(panoramioLayer, 'click', function(photo) { var li = document.createElement('li'); var link = document.createElement('a'); link.innerHTML = photo.featureDetails.title + ': ' + photo.featureDetails.author; link.setAttribute('href', photo.featureDetails.url); li.appendChild(link); photoPanel.appendChild(li); photoPanel.style.display = 'block'; }); } google.maps.event.addDomListener(window, 'load', initialize); </script> </head> <body> <ul id="photo-panel"> <li><strong>Photos clicked</strong></li> </ul> <div id="map-canvas"></div> </body>
DemographicsLayer 对象,用于呈现美国的受众特征信息作为图层,仅供 Google Maps API for Business 客户使用。该对象包含在 visualization 库内。
热图图层
热图图层可在客户端呈现热图。热图是一种可视化效果,用于描绘各地理点的数据强度。启用热图图层后,地图上方就会显示一个带颜色的叠加层。默认情况下,强度较高的地区会显示为红色,而强度较低的地区会显示为绿色。
用之制作比如公交路线及拥堵情况。
Google Fusion Table 是一种数据库表格,其中每行都包含特定地图项的相关数据;对于地理数据,Google Fusion Table 中的每行还另外包含位置数据,以存储地图项的位置信息。