Docker 常用命令
Docker 的常用命令
帮助命令
docker version # 显示docker的版本信息 docker info # 显示docker的系统信息 docker 命令 --help # 帮助命令
帮助文档的地址：https://docs.docker.com/engine/api/
镜像命令
docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像
[ fenixgao]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 5 months ago 13.3kB # 解释 REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源 TAG 镜像的标签 IMAGE ID 镜像的id CREATED 镜像的创建时间 SIZE 镜像的大小 # 可选项 --all , -a # 列出所有镜像 --quiet , -q # 只显示镜像的id
docker search搜索镜像
[ fenixgao]# docker search mysql NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 9629 [OK] mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 3497 [OK] mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 702 [OK] # 可选项,通过收藏来过滤 -f, --filter filter # 搜索mysql stars>5000的项目 [ fenixgao]# docker search mysql -f =5000 [ fenixgao]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=5000 NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 9629 [OK]
docker pull 下载镜像
# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag] [ fenixgao]# docker pull mysql Using default tag: latest #如果不写tag,默认就是latest latest: Pulling from library/mysql 8559a31e96f4: Already exists # 分层下载,docker iamge的核心 联合文件系统 d51ce1c2e575: Already exists # 之前存在的可以共用 c2344adc4858: Already exists fcf3ceff18fc: Already exists 16da0c38dc5b: Already exists b905d1797e97: Pull complete 4b50d1c6b05c: Pull complete c75914a65ca2: Pull complete 1ae8042bdd09: Pull complete 453ac13c00a3: Pull complete 9e680cd72f08: Pull complete a6b5dc864b6c: Pull complete Digest: sha256:8b7b328a7ff6de46ef96bcf83af048cb00a1c86282bfca0cb119c84568b4caf6 # 数字签名 Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址 # 等价于它 docker pull mysql docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 指定版本下载 [ fenixgao]# docker pull mysql:5.7 5.7: Pulling from library/mysql 8559a31e96f4: Already exists d51ce1c2e575: Already exists c2344adc4858: Already exists fcf3ceff18fc: Already exists 16da0c38dc5b: Already exists b905d1797e97: Already exists 4b50d1c6b05c: Already exists d85174a87144: Pull complete a4ad33703fa8: Pull complete f7a5433ce20d: Pull complete 3dcd2a278b4a: Pull complete Digest: sha256:32f9d9a069f7a735e28fd44ea944d53c61f990ba71460c5c183e610854ca4854 Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7 docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
docker images 查看现有镜像
[ fenixgao]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE mysql 5.7 9cfcce23593a 6 days ago 448MB mysql latest be0dbf01a0f3 6 days ago 541MB hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 5 months ago 13.3kB
docker rmi 删除镜像 (i --- images)
[ fenixgao]# docker rmi -f 镜像id # 删除指定的镜像 [ fenixgao]# docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id # 删除多个镜像 [ fenixgao]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 删除所有镜像
容器命令
说明：我们有了镜像才可以创建容器，接下来的练习是下载一个centOS镜像来测试学习
docker pull centos
新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] iamge # 参数说明 --name ="Name" 容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat02,用来区分容器 -d 后台方式运行 -it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容 -p 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080 -p ip:主机端口:容器端口 -p 主机端口：容器端口(常用) -p 容器端口 容器端口 -P 随机指定端口 # 测试，启动并进入容器 [ fenixgao]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash [ /]# ls # 查看容器内的centos,基础版本，很多命令都是不完善的 bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var [ /]# # fenixgao VS # 从容器中退回主机 [ /]# exit exit [ fenixgao]# ls perl5 公共 模板 视频 图片 文档 下载 音乐 桌面
列出所有运行的容器
# docker ps 命令 # docker ps : 列出容器 -a # 列出当前正在运行的容器 + 带出历史运行过的容器 -n=? # 显示最近创建的容器(个数) -q # 只显示容器的编号 [ fenixgao]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [ fenixgao]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 06d5a4c927e9 centos "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) About a minute ago gallant_benz 3a36d82cd9cd bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 18 hours ago Exited (0) 18 hours ago vigilant_brahmagupta edd862859f68 bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 22 hours ago Exited (0) 22 hours ago optimistic_babbage
退出容器
exit # 直接容器停止并且退出 Ctrl + P +Q # 容器不停止退出
删除容器
docker rm 容器id # 删除指定的容器,不能删除正在运行的容器，需要rm -f docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有的容器 docker ps -a -q |xargs docker rm # 删除所有的容器
启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id # 启动容器 docker restart 容器id # 重启容器 docker stop 容器id # 停止当前正在运行的容器 docker kill 容器id # 强制停止当前容器
常用其他命令
后台启动容器
# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名! [ fenixgao]# docker run -d centos # 问题 docker ps ,发现centos 停止了 # 常见的坑: docker 容器使用后台运行，就必须有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止 # nigix,容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了。
查看日志
docker logs -f -t --tail 容器,没有日志 # 自己别写一段shell脚本 while true; do $(echo date); sleep 1; done [ fenixgao]# docker run -d centos sh -c "while true; do $(echo date); sleep 1; done" [ fenixgao]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE 7cb6fd0cbd2f centos # 显示日志 -tf #显示日志 --tail #要显示日志条数 [ fenixgao]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 7cb6fd0cbd2f
查看容器中进程信息
# 命令 docker top 容器id [ fenixgao]# docker top 7cb6fd0cbd2f UID PID PPID C root 34960 34944 0 root 35670 34960 0
查看镜像的元数据
# 命令
[ fenixgao]# docker inspect 容器id
# 测试
[ fenixgao]# docker inspect 7cb6fd0cbd2f
[
{
"Id": "7cb6fd0cbd2f700f15cd701c71bb42f10bf56ee999a1d96cb4c9551c75690151",
"Created": "2020-06-16T08:17:18.098228Z",
"Path": "sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true; do date; sleep 1; done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 34960,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2020-06-16T08:17:18.80397629Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:470671670cac686c7cf0081e0b37da2e9f4f768ddc5f6a26102ccd1c6954c1ee",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/7cb6fd0cbd2f700f15cd701c71bb42f10bf56ee999a1d96cb4c9551c75690151/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/7cb6fd0cbd2f700f15cd701c71bb42f10bf56ee999a1d96cb4c9551c75690151/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/7cb6fd0cbd2f700f15cd701c71bb42f10bf56ee999a1d96cb4c9551c75690151/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/7cb6fd0cbd2f700f15cd701c71bb42f10bf56ee999a1d96cb4c9551c75690151/7cb6fd0cbd2f700f15cd701c71bb42f10bf56ee999a1d96cb4c9551c75690151-json.log",
"Name": "/cranky_bhabha",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"Capabilities": null,
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/10e53752c467a753f8b958dbd5f043e86a951e1d090989193b39331c4ee37739-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8ee607c97da990b08a22ab3f01c6db38048f72ffcb4c54498414774b1b6db731/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/10e53752c467a753f8b958dbd5f043e86a951e1d090989193b39331c4ee37739/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/10e53752c467a753f8b958dbd5f043e86a951e1d090989193b39331c4ee37739/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/10e53752c467a753f8b958dbd5f043e86a951e1d090989193b39331c4ee37739/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "7cb6fd0cbd2f",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"sh",
"-c",
"while true; do date; sleep 1; done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20200114",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS",
"org.opencontainers.image.created": "2020-01-14 00:00:00-08:00",
"org.opencontainers.image.licenses": "GPL-2.0-only",
"org.opencontainers.image.title": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.opencontainers.image.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "4a16e48db54fd2874ceebca4055cfb02f88d0552302939be872ba2b1309e3d1d",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/4a16e48db54f",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "cd88ea1e0c98fb288568faeab4b1ac67a26c50ea814da612dab7c2d3fc24eb7b",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "274d73aeb9d2a83160f03fc5b33ce09fa4104f3061a1fb93a3039a1c343693a1",
"EndpointID": "cd88ea1e0c98fb288568faeab4b1ac67a26c50ea814da612dab7c2d3fc24eb7b",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]进入当前正在运行的容器
# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置 #命令 docker exec -it 容器id bashShell [ fenixgao]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 7cb6fd0cbd2f centos "sh -c ‘while true; …" 10 minutes ago Up 10 minutes cranky_bhabha [ fenixgao]# docker exec -it 7cb6fd0cbd2f /bin/bash [ /]# ls bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var [ /]# ps -ef UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 1 0 0 08:17 ? 00:00:01 sh -c while true; do date; sleep 1; done root 1328 0 0 08:28 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash root 1355 1 0 08:28 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1 root 1356 1328 0 08:28 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef # 方式二 docker attach 容器id # 测试 [ fenixgao]# docker attach afea7d36247b 正在执行当前的代码... #docker exec # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用） #docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程
从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的的主机路径 # 新建并查看一个容器 [ home]# clear [ home]# docker run --name Test -it centos /bin/bash [ /]# ls bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var # 进入容器的home文件夹并新建一个test.java [ /]# cd /home [ home]# touch test.java [ home]# [ home]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED 197884e6803b centos "/bin/bash" About a minute ago # 使用docker attach 进入刚建立的容器 检验是否有test.java [ home]# docker attach 197884e6803b [ home]# ls test.java [ home]# exit exit # 使用docker cp 将容器中的test.java 拷贝到主机的home文件夹中 [ home]# docker cp 197884e6803b:/home/test.java /home [ home]# ls fenixgao gaofei.java test.java [ home]# # 拷贝是一个手动过程，未来我们使用-v卷的技术，可以实现 /home(主机内)和/home(容器内)自动同步
小结
命令帮助手册 docker --help
attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container build Build an image from a Dockerfile commit Create a new image from a container‘s changes cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem create Create a new container diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container‘s filesystem events Get real time events from the server exec Run a command in a running container export Export a container‘s filesystem as a tar archive history Show the history of an image images List images import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image info Display system-wide information inspect Return low-level information on Docker objects kill Kill one or more running containers load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN login Log in to a Docker registry logout Log out from a Docker registry logs Fetch the logs of a container pause Pause all processes within one or more containers port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container ps List containers pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry push Push an image or a repository to a registry rename Rename a container restart Restart one or more containers rm Remove one or more containers rmi Remove one or more images run Run a command in a new container save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default) search Search the Docker Hub for images start Start one or more stopped containers stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics stop Stop one or more running containers tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE top Display the running processes of a container unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers update Update configuration of one or more containers version Show the Docker version information wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
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