[Linux Shell学习系列十四]sed和awk-3.sed命令实例
D27
1. 向文件中添加或插入行
1)在文件的指定行后添加一行内容
$ cat info.txt Linux - Sysadmin Database - Oracle, MySQL etc. Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc. Cool - Websites $ sed ‘3a\ > Solaries - Sysadmin, Recovery etc.‘ info.txt Linux - Sysadmin Database - Oracle, MySQL etc. Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc. Solaries - Sysadmin, Recovery etc. Cool - Websites
2)在匹配模式的行之后添加一行内容
$ sed ‘/Database/a\ Solaries - Sysadmin, Recovery etc.‘ info.txt Linux - Sysadmin Database - Oracle, MySQL etc. Solaries - Sysadmin, Recovery etc. Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc. Cool - Websites
3)在文件的最后一行后添加多行内容
$ sed ‘$a\ Solaries - Sysadmin, Recovery etc.Windows - Sysadmin etc.‘ info.txt Linux - Sysadmin Database - Oracle, MySQL etc. Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc. Cool - Websites Solaries - Sysadmin, Recovery etc. Windows - Sysadmin etc.
4)在文件的指定行之前插入一行内容
$ sed ‘3i\ > Solaries - Sysadmin, Recovery etc.‘ info.txt Linux - Sysadmin Database - Oracle, MySQL etc. Solaries - Sysadmin, Recovery etc. Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc. Cool - Websites
5)在匹配指定模式的行之前插入多行内容
$ sed ‘/Security/i\ > Solaries - Sysadmin, Recovery etc.> Windows - Sysadmin etc.‘ info.txt Linux - Sysadmin Database - Oracle, MySQL etc. Solaries - Sysadmin, Recovery etc. Windows - Sysadmin etc. Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc. Cool - Websites
6)在文件的最后一行之前插入一行内容
$ sed ‘$i\ > Solaries - Sysadmin, Recovery etc.‘ info.txt Linux - Sysadmin Database - Oracle, MySQL etc. Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc. Solaries - Sysadmin, Recovery etc. Cool - Websites
2. 更改文件中指定的行
1)修改文件中的第一行
$ sed ‘1c<Change line 1>‘ info.txt <Change line 1> Database - Oracle, MySQL etc. Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc. Cool - Websites
2)修改匹配指定模式的行
$ sed ‘/Cool/c<Change line Cool>‘ info.txt Linux - Sysadmin Database - Oracle, MySQL etc. Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc. <Change line Cool>
3)更改文件的最后一行
$ sed ‘$c<Change last line>‘ info.txt Linux - Sysadmin Database - Oracle, MySQL etc. Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc. <Change last line>
3. 删除文件中的行
$ cat info_num.txt 1. Linux - Sysadmin 2. Database - Oracle, MySQL etc. 3. Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc. 4. Cool - Websites #1)删除文件中指定的行 $ sed ‘4d‘ info_num.txt 1. Linux - Sysadmin 2. Database - Oracle, MySQL etc. 3. Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc. #2)从指定的行开始删除,每隔固定的行数删除一行。 #从第一行开始,每隔两行删除一行 $ sed ‘1~2d‘ info_num.txt 2. Database - Oracle, MySQL etc. 4. Cool - Websites #3)删除指定范围内的行 $ sed ‘3,4d‘ info_num.txt 1. Linux - Sysadmin 2. Database - Oracle, MySQL etc. #4)删除指定范围以外的行 $ sed ‘3,4!d‘ info_num.txt 3. Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc. 4. Cool - Websites #5)删除文件的最后一行 $ sed ‘$d‘ info_num.txt 1. Linux - Sysadmin 2. Database - Oracle, MySQL etc. 3. Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc. #6)删除文件中匹配指定模式的行 $ sed ‘/Linux/d‘ info_num.txt 2. Database - Oracle, MySQL etc. 3. Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc. 4. Cool - Websites #7)从指定模式的行删除,直到文件的最后一行 $ sed ‘/Security/,$d‘ info_num.txt 1. Linux - Sysadmin 2. Database - Oracle, MySQL etc. #8)删除文件中匹配指定模式的行及其后面n行的内容 $ sed ‘/Database/,+1d‘ info_num.txt 1. Linux - Sysadmin 4. Cool - Websites #9)删除文件中的空行 $ sed ‘/^$/d‘ info_num.txt 1. Linux - Sysadmin 2. Database - Oracle, MySQL etc. 3. Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc. 4. Cool - Websites #10)删除文件中不匹配指定模式的行 $ sed ‘/Database\|Security/!d‘ info_num.txt 2. Database - Oracle, MySQL etc. 3. Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc. #11)删除文件的指定范围内的行中匹配指定模式的行 $ sed ‘1,2{/etc\./d}‘ info_num.txt 1. Linux - Sysadmin 3. Security - Firewall, Network, Online Security etc. 4. Cool - Websites
4. 替换文件中的内容
$ cat techClass.txt 1. Network: Route, Switch, Wireless, Communicate, Device 2. Security: Data Protection, Terminal Security, Cloud Security, WEB Security 3. Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network 4. Database: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2 5. OS: Linux, Unix, Windows #Additional class #1)替换一行中第一个匹配模式的字符串 #将一行中第一个Security替换为Safety $ sed ‘s/Security/Safety/‘ techClass.txt 1. Network: Route, Switch, Wireless, Communicate, Device 2. Safety: Data Protection, Terminal Security, Cloud Security, WEB Security 3. Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network 4. Database: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2 5. OS: Linux, Unix, Windows #Additional class #2)替换文件中匹配指定模式的所有字符串 #将一行中所有的Security替换为Safety $ sed ‘s/Security/Safety/g‘ techClass.txt 1. Network: Route, Switch, Wireless, Communicate, Device 2. Safety: Data Protection, Terminal Safety, Cloud Safety, WEB Safety 3. Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network 4. Database: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2 5. OS: Linux, Unix, Windows #Additional class #3)替换文件中每行第n个匹配指定模式的字符串 #将一行中第三个Security替换为Safety $ sed ‘s/Security/Safety/3‘ techClass.txt 1. Network: Route, Switch, Wireless, Communicate, Device 2. Security: Data Protection, Terminal Security, Cloud Safety, WEB Security 3. Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network 4. Database: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2 5. OS: Linux, Unix, Windows #Additional class #4)将发生字符串替换的行写入指定的文件,并只打印发生替换的行 #将Database替换为DB $ sed -n ‘s/Database/DB/gpw sedOutput.txt‘ techClass.txt 4. DB: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2 #文件内容 $ cat sedOutput.txt 4. DB: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2 #5)只替换文件中匹配指定模式的行中的字符串 #将逗号以后的字符串替换为空 $ sed ‘/:/s/,.*//g‘ techClass.txt 1. Network: Route 2. Security: Data Protection 3. Server: Blade 4. Database: SQLServer 5. OS: Linux #Additional class #6)删掉每行的最后n个字符 #删除每行的最后2个字符 $ sed ‘s/..$//g‘ techClass.txt 1. Network: Route, Switch, Wireless, Communicate, Devi 2. Security: Data Protection, Terminal Security, Cloud Security, WEB Securi 3. Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Netwo 4. Database: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, D 5. OS: Linux, Unix, Windo #Additional cla #7)删除文件中的注释,即以#开头的行替换为空 #注意这里会保留一个空行 $ sed ‘s/^#.*//g‘ techClass.txt 1. Network: Route, Switch, Wireless, Communicate, Device 2. Security: Data Protection, Terminal Security, Cloud Security, WEB Security 3. Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network 4. Database: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2 5. OS: Linux, Unix, Windows #8)删除文件中的注释及其空行 #;前面的/^#.*//是将注释行替换为空,;后面的/^$/d是删除空行 $ sed ‘s/^#.*//;/^$/d‘ techClass.txt 1. Network: Route, Switch, Wireless, Communicate, Device 2. Security: Data Protection, Terminal Security, Cloud Security, WEB Security 3. Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network 4. Database: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2 5. OS: Linux, Unix, Windows #9)使用符号&获得匹配的字符串 #匹配的模式是:数字.,将匹配的字符串加上括号 $ sed ‘s/^[0-9]\./(&)/‘ techClass.txt (1.) Network: Route, Switch, Wireless, Communicate, Device (2.) Security: Data Protection, Terminal Security, Cloud Security, WEB Security (3.) Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network (4.) Database: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2 (5.) OS: Linux, Unix, Windows #Additional class #与上面的命令结果相同 #通过()获取字符串(()需要转义) $ sed ‘s/\(^[0-9]\.\)/(\1)/‘ techClass.txt (1.) Network: Route, Switch, Wireless, Communicate, Device (2.) Security: Data Protection, Terminal Security, Cloud Security, WEB Security (3.) Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network (4.) Database: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2 (5.) OS: Linux, Unix, Windows #Additional class
5. 打印文件中的行
$ cat techClass.txt 1. Network: Route, Switch, Wireless, Communicate, Device 2. Security: Data Protection, Terminal Security, Cloud Security, WEB Security 3. Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network 4. Database: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2 5. OS: Linux, Unix, Windows #Additional class #1)打印文件中第n行的内容 #打印第4行 $ sed -n ‘4p‘ techClass.txt 4. Database: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2 #2)从第n行开始,每m行打印一行(每隔m-1行) #从第1行开始,每2行打印一行 $ sed -n ‘1~2p‘ techClass.txt 1. Network: Route, Switch, Wireless, Communicate, Device 3. Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network 5. OS: Linux, Unix, Windows #3)打印文件的最后一行的内容 $ sed -n ‘$p‘ techClass.txt #Additional class #4)打印文件的第n~m行的内容 #打印第2到4行 $ sed -n ‘2,4p‘ techClass.txt 2. Security: Data Protection, Terminal Security, Cloud Security, WEB Security 3. Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network 4. Database: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2 #5)打印文件的第n行到最后一行的内容 #打印第3行到最后一行 $ sed -n ‘3,$p‘ techClass.txt 3. Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network 4. Database: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2 5. OS: Linux, Unix, Windows #Additional class #6)打印文件中匹配指定模式的行的内容 #匹配Network的行 $ sed -n ‘/Network/p‘ techClass.txt 1. Network: Route, Switch, Wireless, Communicate, Device 3. Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network #7)打印文件中从匹配模式的行到指定行的内容 #匹配Network的行到第4行 $ sed -n ‘/Network/,4p‘ techClass.txt 1. Network: Route, Switch, Wireless, Communicate, Device 2. Security: Data Protection, Terminal Security, Cloud Security, WEB Security 3. Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network 4. Database: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2 #8)打印文件中从第n行到匹配指定模式的行 #打印第1行到匹配Security的行 $ sed -n ‘1,/Security/p‘ techClass.txt 1. Network: Route, Switch, Wireless, Communicate, Device 2. Security: Data Protection, Terminal Security, Cloud Security, WEB Security #9)打印文件中从匹配指定模式的行到最后一行的内容 $ sed -n ‘/Server/,$p‘ techClass.txt 3. Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network 4. Database: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2 5. OS: Linux, Unix, Windows #Additional class #10)打印文件中匹配指定模式的行及其后面的n行 #匹配Network的行及其后面一行,因为第1行和第3行都是匹配的行,所以打印了4行 $ sed -n ‘/Network/,+1p‘ techClass.txt 1. Network: Route, Switch, Wireless, Communicate, Device 2. Security: Data Protection, Terminal Security, Cloud Security, WEB Security 3. Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network 4. Database: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2 #如果是打印匹配Network的行及其后面两行,则只打印3行 $ sed -n ‘/Network/,+2p‘ techClass.txt 1. Network: Route, Switch, Wireless, Communicate, Device 2. Security: Data Protection, Terminal Security, Cloud Security, WEB Security 3. Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network #11)打印文件从匹配指定模式的行到匹配另一个模式的行 #从匹配Security的行,直到匹配DB的行 $ sed -n ‘/Security/,/DB/p‘ techClass.txt 2. Security: Data Protection, Terminal Security, Cloud Security, WEB Security 3. Server: Blade, Mini Computer, Mainframe, HPC, Disaster Recovery, Network 4. Database: SQLServer, MySQL, Oracle, DB2
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