剖析Objective-C持久化教程
剖析Objective-C持久化教程是本文要介绍的内容,很详细的讲解了Objective-C持久化的问题,不多说,我们来看内容。
当前需求
在做登录模块时,需要做登录的历史记录,存储本机所有登录的用户的用户名密码,以及登录策略如是否记住密码,是否自动登录等。具体实现之前,我认为这个需求看样子并不需要SQLite,因为登录用户不可能太多,而且存储的字段也就四个而已,估计用NSUserDefaults存一下数组就结了。
初遇困难
令我沮丧的是,这么一个明确的需求竟然一时半会都没有完成,用户登陆信息明明很简单的
Objective-c代码
@interface LoginUserInfo : NSObject { NSString *username_; NSString *password_; BOOL remember_; BOOL autoLogin_; } @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *username; @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *password; @property (nonatomic, assign) BOOL remember; @property (nonatomic, assign) BOOL autoLogin; @end @protocol LoginHistoryDelegate; @interface LoginUserInfo : NSObject { NSString *username_; NSString *password_; BOOL remember_; BOOL autoLogin_; } @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *username; @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *password; @property (nonatomic, assign) BOOL remember; @property (nonatomic, assign) BOOL autoLogin; @end @protocol LoginHistoryDelegate;
存取的时候也很简单
Objective-c代码
// 增加一个用户要看是否是新用户,如果是新的就增加,否则要修改 - (void)addUser:(LoginUserInfo *)info { NSUserDefaults *defaults = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults]; NSArray *list = [self getUserList]; NSArray *newList = nil; if (list == nil) { newList = [NSArray arrayWithObject:info]; } else { NSMutableArray *mutList = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity:[list count]+1]; [mutList addObject:info]; for (LoginUserInfo *user in list) { if (![[info username] isEqualToString:[user username]]) { [mutList addObject:user]; } } newList = [mutList mutableCopy]; } [defaults setObject:newList forKey:kUserHistoryKey]; [defaults synchronize]; [newList release]; } - (NSArray *)getUserList { NSArray *objectArray = [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] objectForKey:kUserHistoryKey]; return objectArray; } // 增加一个用户要看是否是新用户,如果是新的就增加,否则要修改 - (void)addUser:(LoginUserInfo *)info { NSUserDefaults *defaults = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults]; NSArray *list = [self getUserList]; NSArray *newList = nil; if (list == nil) { newList = [NSArray arrayWithObject:info]; } else { NSMutableArray *mutList = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity:[list count]+1]; [mutList addObject:info]; for (LoginUserInfo *user in list) { if (![[info username] isEqualToString:[user username]]) { [mutList addObject:user]; } } newList = [mutList mutableCopy]; } [defaults setObject:newList forKey:kUserHistoryKey]; [defaults synchronize]; [newList release]; } - (NSArray *)getUserList { NSArray *objectArray = [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] objectForKey:kUserHistoryKey]; return objectArray; }
但这样无论我怎么存储用户列表,在getUserList的时候获得的始终是nil。
各种尝试
难道是NSUserdefaults有问题么?我试了试在同个方法里改为存储普通的int,bool,甚至NSString都没问题,难道是因为没有存储数组么
Objective-c代码
NSArray *arr = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"xixi", @"haha", nil]; [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setObject:arr forKey:@"Array"]; [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] synchronize]; NSArray *arr2 = [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] objectForKey:@"Array"]; NSString *s1 = [arr2 objectAtIndex:0]; NSLog(@"%@", s1); NSArray *arr = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"xixi", @"haha", nil]; [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setObject:arr forKey:@"Array"]; [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] synchronize]; NSArray *arr2 = [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] objectForKey:@"Array"]; NSString *s1 = [arr2 objectAtIndex:0]; NSLog(@"%@", s1);
但此时仍然可以很顺利的显示出s1为xixi 没办法只好上网找资料了,这时注意到我存储的是自定义的结构,而和java的序列化类似,在序列化自定义类型的时候,必须要满足可序列化的一系列条件,甚至包括序列化的规则,就Objective-C而言,必须要实现NSCoding协议
Objective-c代码
- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)coder; { [coder encodeObject:username_ forKey:@"username"]; [coder encodeObject:password_ forKey:@"password"]; [coder encodeBool:remember_ forKey:@"remember"]; [coder encodeBool:autoLogin_ forKey:@"autologin"]; } - (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)coder; { self = [[LoginUserInfo alloc] init]; if (self != nil) { self.username = [coder decodeObjectForKey:@"username"]; self.password = [coder decodeObjectForKey:@"password"]; self.remember = [coder decodeBoolForKey:@"remember"]; self.autoLogin = [coder decodeBoolForKey:@"autologin"]; } return self; } - (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)coder; { [coder encodeObject:username_ forKey:@"username"]; [coder encodeObject:password_ forKey:@"password"]; [coder encodeBool:remember_ forKey:@"remember"]; [coder encodeBool:autoLogin_ forKey:@"autologin"]; } - (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)coder; { self = [[LoginUserInfo alloc] init]; if (self != nil) { self.username = [coder decodeObjectForKey:@"username"]; self.password = [coder decodeObjectForKey:@"password"]; self.remember = [coder decodeBoolForKey:@"remember"]; self.autoLogin = [coder decodeBoolForKey:@"autologin"]; } return self; }
然后在存取的时候再加上序列化以及反序列化的代码
Objective-c代码
- (NSArray *)getUserList { NSArray *objectArray = nil; NSData *data = [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] objectForKey:kUserHistoryKey]; if (data != nil) { NSArray *oldSavedArray = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData:data]; if (oldSavedArray != nil) objectArray = [[NSArray alloc] initWithArray:oldSavedArray]; // else // objectArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; } return objectArray; } // 增加一个用户要看是否是新用户,如果是新的就增加,否则要修改 - (void)addUser:(LoginUserInfo *)info { NSUserDefaults *defaults = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults]; NSArray *list = [self getUserList]; NSArray *newList = nil; if (list == nil) { newList = [NSArray arrayWithObject:info]; } else { NSMutableArray *mutList = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity:[list count]+1]; [mutList addObject:info]; for (LoginUserInfo *user in list) { if (![[info username] isEqualToString:[user username]]) { [mutList addObject:user]; } } newList = [mutList mutableCopy]; } [defaults setObject:[NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject: newList] forKey:kUserHistoryKey]; [defaults synchronize]; [newList release]; } - (NSArray *)getUserList { NSArray *objectArray = nil; NSData *data = [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] objectForKey:kUserHistoryKey]; if (data != nil) { NSArray *oldSavedArray = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData:data]; if (oldSavedArray != nil) objectArray = [[NSArray alloc] initWithArray:oldSavedArray]; // else // objectArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; } return objectArray; } // 增加一个用户要看是否是新用户,如果是新的就增加,否则要修改 - (void)addUser:(LoginUserInfo *)info { NSUserDefaults *defaults = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults]; NSArray *list = [self getUserList]; NSArray *newList = nil; if (list == nil) { newList = [NSArray arrayWithObject:info]; } else { NSMutableArray *mutList = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity:[list count]+1]; [mutList addObject:info]; for (LoginUserInfo *user in list) { if (![[info username] isEqualToString:[user username]]) { [mutList addObject:user]; } } newList = [mutList mutableCopy]; } [defaults setObject:[NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject: newList] forKey:kUserHistoryKey]; [defaults synchronize]; [newList release]; }
这样,总算可以持久化自定义结构了
和其他类似的语言一样,基础的序列化是个说大不大,说小不小的步骤,如果用纯c的话,就可以要完全自己去存储每个字节再读出每个字节然后解释出来,而现代语言基本上都做好了常见类型的持久化,包括更复杂的内置结构。