Ubuntu上手动安装部署Kubernetes详细指南
背景
两台Ubuntu16.04服务器:ip分别为192.168.56.160和192.168.56.161。。
Kubernetes版本:1.5.5
Docker版本:1.12.6
etcd版本:2.2.1
flannel版本:0.5.6
其中160服务器既做Kubernetes的master节点,又做node节点;161服务器只做node节点。
master节点上需要部署:kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、etcd服务。
node节点上部署:kubelet、kube-proxy、docker和flannel服务。
下载
Kubernetes下载
Client二进制下载:https://dl.k8s.io/v1.5.5/kubernetes-client-linux-amd64.tar.gz
Server二进制下载:https://dl.k8s.io/v1.5.5/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
我的服务器是linux,amd64的,如果有其他环境,可以前往页面下载
将可执行文件kubernetes目录下,server和client目中的kube-apiserver、kube-controller-manager、kubectl、kubelet、kube-proxy、kube-scheduler等都拷贝到/usr/bin/目录中。
etcd下载
etcd的github release下载都是放在AWS S3上(点这里)的,我这网络访问不了或者很慢,可以到安科网资源站下载包。
除此之外,还可以自己编译etcd源码,来获取etcd的可执行文件。
将etcd的可执行文件etcd和etcdctl拷贝到/usr/bin/目录。
etcd-v2.2.1-linux-amd64.tar可以到安科网资源站下载:
------------------------------------------分割线------------------------------------------
具体下载目录在 /2017年资料/4月/5日/Ubuntu上手动安装部署Kubernetes详细指南/
------------------------------------------分割线------------------------------------------
flannel下载
flannel和etcd都是coreOS公司的产品,所以flannel的github release下载也是放在AWS S3上。不过幸好flannel的编译很简单,从github上下载,然后直接编译即可。然后会在flannel的bin或者dist目录下(版本不同可能导致目录不同)生成flannel可执行文件。
$ git clone -b v0.5.6 https://github.com/coreos/flannel.git $ cd flannel $ ./build
具体的编译方法可能会不同,请参考flannel目录下的README.md文件。
将可执行文件flanneld拷贝到/usr/bin/目录。
创建/usr/bin/flannel目录,并将dist目录下的mk-docker-opts.sh文件拷贝到/usr/bin/flannel/中。
Kubernetes master配置
etcd配置
创建数据目录
$ sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/etcd/
创建配置目录和文件
$ sudo mkdir -p /etc/etcd/ $ sudo vim /etc/etcd/etcd.conf ETCD_NAME=default ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/" ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="http://0.0.0.0:2379" ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="http://192.168.56.160:2379"
创建systemd文件
$ sudo vim /lib/systemd/system/etcd.service [Unit] Description=Etcd Server Documentation=https://github.com/coreos/etcd After=network.target [Service] User=root Type=notify EnvironmentFile=-/etc/etcd/etcd.conf ExecStart=/usr/bin/etcd Restart=on-failure RestartSec=10s LimitNOFILE=40000 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
启动服务
$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload $ sudo systemctl enable etcd $ sudo systemctl start etcd
测试服务端口
$ sudo systemctl status etcd ● etcd.service - Etcd Server Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Mon 2017-03-27 11:19:35 CST; 7s ago ...
再查看端口是否正常开放。
$ netstat -apn | grep 2379 tcp6 0 0 :::2379 :::* LISTEN 7211/etcd
创建一个etcd网络
$ etcdctl set /coreos.com/network/config '{ "Network": "192.168.4.0/24" }'
如果部署的是etcd集群,那么每台etcd服务器上都需要执行上述步骤。但我这里只使用了standalone,所以我的etcd服务就搞定了。
Kubernetes通用配置
创建Kubernetes配置目录
$ sudo mkdir /etc/kubernetes
Kubernetes通用配置文件
/etc/kubernetes/config文件中,存储的是Kubernetes各组件的通用配置信息。
$ sudo vim /etc/kubernetes/config KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR="--logtostderr=true" KUBE_LOG_LEVEL="--v=0" KUBE_ALLOW_PRIV="--allow-privileged=false" KUBE_MASTER="--master=http://192.168.56.160:8080"
配置kube-apiserver服务
在Kubernetes的master主机上。
创建kube-apiserver配置文件
kube-apiserver的专用配置文件为/etc/kubernetes/apiserver。
$ sudo vim /etc/kubernetes/apiserver ### # kubernetes system config # # The following values are used to configure the kube-apiserver # # The address on the local server to listen to. KUBE_API_ADDRESS="--address=0.0.0.0" #KUBE_API_ADDRESS="--insecure-bind-address=127.0.0.1" # The port on the local server to listen on. KUBE_API_PORT="--port=8080" # Port minions listen on KUBELET_PORT="--kubelet-port=10250" # Comma separated list of nodes in the etcd cluster KUBE_ETCD_SERVERS="--etcd-servers=http://192.168.56.160:2379" # Address range to use for services KUBE_SERVICE_ADDRESSES="--service-cluster-ip-range=192.168.4.0/24" # default admission control policies KUBE_ADMISSION_CONTROL="--admission-control=NamespaceLifecycle,NamespaceExists,LimitRanger,ResourceQuota" # Add your own! KUBE_API_ARGS=""
创建systemd文件
$ sudo vim /lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service [Unit] Description=Kubernetes API Server Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes After=network.target After=etcd.service Wants=etcd.service [Service] User=root EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/config EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/apiserver ExecStart=/usr/bin/kube-apiserver \ $KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR \ $KUBE_LOG_LEVEL \ $KUBE_ETCD_SERVERS \ $KUBE_API_ADDRESS \ $KUBE_API_PORT \ $KUBELET_PORT \ $KUBE_ALLOW_PRIV \ $KUBE_SERVICE_ADDRESSES \ $KUBE_ADMISSION_CONTROL \ $KUBE_API_ARGS Restart=on-failure Type=notify LimitNOFILE=65536 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
配置kube-controller-manager服务
创建kube-controller-manager配置文件
kube-controller-manager的专用配置文件为/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager
$ sudo vim /etc/kubernetes/controller-manager KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_ARGS=""
创建systemd文件
$ sudo vim /lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service [Unit] Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes After=etcd.service After=kube-apiserver.service Requires=etcd.service Requires=kube-apiserver.service [Service] User=root EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/config EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager ExecStart=/usr/bin/kube-controller-manager \ $KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR \ $KUBE_LOG_LEVEL \ $KUBE_MASTER \ $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_ARGS Restart=on-failure LimitNOFILE=65536 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
配置kube-scheduler服务
创建kube-scheduler配置文件
kube-scheduler的专用配置文件为/etc/kubernetes/scheduler
$ sudo vim /etc/kubernetes/scheduler KUBE_SCHEDULER_ARGS=""
创建systemd文件
$ sudo vim /lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service [Unit] Description=Kubernetes Scheduler Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes [Service] User=root EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/config EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/scheduler ExecStart=/usr/bin/kube-scheduler \ $KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR \ $KUBE_MASTER Restart=on-failure LimitNOFILE=65536 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
启动Kubernetes master节点的服务
$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload $ sudo systemctl enable kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler $ sudo systemctl start kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler
Kubernetes node配置
Kubernetes node节点也需要配置/etc/kubernetes/config文件,内容与Kubernetes mater节点一致。
flannel配置
创建配置目录和文件
$ sudo vim /etc/default/flanneld.conf # Flanneld configuration options # etcd url location. Point this to the server where etcd runs FLANNEL_ETCD_ENDPOINTS="http://192.168.56.160:2379" # etcd config key. This is the configuration key that flannel queries # For address range assignment FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX="/coreos.com/network" # Any additional options that you want to pass #FLANNEL_OPTIONS=""
其中,FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX选项就是刚才配置的etcd网络。
创建systemd文件
$ sudo vim /lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service [Unit] Description=Flanneld Documentation=https://github.com/coreos/flannel After=network.target After=etcd.service Before=docker.service [Service] User=root EnvironmentFile=/etc/default/flanneld.conf ExecStart=/usr/bin/flanneld \ -etcd-endpoints=${FLANNEL_ETCD_ENDPOINTS} \ -etcd-prefix=${FLANNEL_ETCD_PREFIX} \ $FLANNEL_OPTIONS ExecStartPost=/usr/bin/flannel/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_OPTS -d /run/flannel/docker Restart=on-failure Type=notify LimitNOFILE=65536 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target RequiredBy=docker.service
启动服务
$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload $ sudo systemctl enable flanneld $ sudo systemctl start flanneld
查看服务是否启动
$ sudo systemctl status flanneld ● flanneld.service - Flanneld Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Mon 2017-03-27 11:59:00 CST; 6min ago ...
docker配置
docker安装
通过apt来安装docker。
$ sudo apt -y install docker.io
使flannel作用docker网络
修改docker的systemd配置文件。
$ sudo mkdir /lib/systemd/system/docker.service.d $ sudo vim /lib/systemd/system/docker.service.d/flannel.conf [Service] EnvironmentFile=-/run/flannel/docker
重启docker服务。
$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload $ sudo systemctl restart docker
查看docker是否有了flannel的网络。
$ sudo ps -ef | grep docker root 11285 1 1 15:14 ? 00:00:01 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --bip=192.168.4.129/25 --ip-masq=true --mtu=1472 ...
配置kubelet服务
创建kubelet的数据目录
$ sudo mkdir /var/lib/kubelet
创建kubelete配置文件
kubelet的专用配置文件为/etc/kubernetes/kubelet
$ sudo vim /etc/kubernetes/kubelet KUBELET_ADDRESS="--address=127.0.0.1" KUBELET_HOSTNAME="--hostname-override=192.168.56.161" KUBELET_API_SERVER="--api-servers=http://192.168.56.160:8080" # pod infrastructure container KUBELET_POD_INFRA_CONTAINER="--pod-infra-container-image=registry.access.RedHat.com/rhel7/pod-infrastructure:latest" KUBELET_ARGS="--enable-server=true --enable-debugging-handlers=true"
创建systemd文件
$ sudo vim /lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service [Unit] Description=Kubernetes Kubelet Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes After=docker.service Requires=docker.service [Service] WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kubelet EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/config EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kubelet ExecStart=/usr/bin/kubelet \ $KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR \ $KUBE_LOG_LEVEL \ $KUBELET_API_SERVER \ $KUBELET_ADDRESS \ $KUBELET_PORT \ $KUBELET_HOSTNAME \ $KUBE_ALLOW_PRIV \ $KUBELET_POD_INFRA_CONTAINER \ $KUBELET_ARGS Restart=on-failure KillMode=process [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
启动kubelet服务
$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload $ sudo systemctl enable kubelet $ sudo systemctl start kubelet
配置kube-proxy服务
创建kube-proxy配置文件
kube-proxy的专用配置文件为/etc/kubernetes/proxy
$ sudo vim /etc/kubernetes/proxy # kubernetes proxy config # default config should be adequate # Add your own! KUBE_PROXY_ARGS=""
创建systemd文件
$ sudo vim /lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service [Unit] Description=Kubernetes Proxy Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes After=network.target [Service] EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/config EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/proxy ExecStart=/usr/bin/kube-proxy \ $KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR \ $KUBE_LOG_LEVEL \ $KUBE_MASTER \ $KUBE_PROXY_ARGS Restart=on-failure LimitNOFILE=65536 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
启动kube-proxy服务
$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload $ sudo systemctl enable kube-proxy $ sudo systemctl start kube-proxy
查询node状态
执行kubectl get node命令来查看node状态。都为Ready状态时,则说明node节点已经成功连接到master,如果不是该状态,则需要到该节点上,定位下原因。可通过journalctl -u kubelet.service命令来查看kubelet服务的日志。
$ kubectl get node NAME STATUS AGE 192.168.56.160 Ready d 192.168.56.161 Ready d
Kubernetes测试
测试Kubernetes是否成功安装。
编写yaml文件
在Kubernetes master上创建一个nginx.yaml,用于创建一个nginx的ReplicationController。
$ vim rc_nginx.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: ReplicationController metadata: name: nginx labels: name: nginx spec: replicas: 2 selector: name: nginx template: metadata: labels: name: nginx spec: containers: - name: nginx image: nginx
创建pod
执行kubectl create命令创建ReplicationController。该ReplicationController配置中有两个副本,并且我们的环境有两个Kubernetes Node,因此,它应该会在两个Node上分别运行一个Pod。
注意:这个过程可能会需要很长的时间,它会从网上拉取nginx镜像,还有pod-infrastructure这个关键镜像。
$ kubectl create -f rc_nginx.yaml
查询状态
执行kubectl get pod和rc命令来查看pod和rc状态。刚开始可能会处于containerCreating的状态,待需要的镜像下载完成后,就会创建具体的容器。pod状态应该显示Running状态。
$ kubectl get rc NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE nginx 2 2 2 m $ kubectl get pod -o wide NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE nginx-j5x4 1/1 Running 0 m 192.168.4.130 192.168.56.160 nginx-bd28 1/1 Running 0 m 192.168.4.130 192.168.56.161
大功告成!!!
Kubernetes 的详细介绍:请点这里
Kubernetes 的下载地址:请点这里