HA+LB+NAS:三层架构实现群集高可用和高性能

这篇博客就算是小编前两篇有关服务器群集技术的结合,HA+LB+NAS来实现群集的高可用、高并发(主要是针对web服务器),HA和LB相信读者都很清楚啦,那什么是NAS呢,网络存储技术,简单的说就是讲服务器的文件存储转移到一个专门做存储的介质上,改介质是由瘦OS和大容量硬盘组成的,当前端服务器需要数据时直接从后端介质拿就是了,写数据也是直接写到后端,目前做NAS的硬件有很多啦,做瘦OS的小编觉得OPENFILER比较好用,当然还有freeNAS,之所以叫瘦OS(实质是小linux)是因为它不需要太强大的功能,只需要将数据共享出去就是了,比如说NFS,SAMBA,CIFS等等啦,但是其亮点是有友好的界面管理啦,小编这里直接使用LINUX下的NFS来做NAS啦。。

整体结构图

HA+LB+NAS:三层架构实现群集高可用和高性能

1.NFS服务器配置

1.1.预装wordpress

注:后端存储需要数据库的支持,所以先安装MySql

# tar –zxvf mysql-5.5.15-linux2.6-i686.tar.gz –C /usr/local/

方便打开mysql目录,给解压目录建立软连接

# cd /usr/local

# ln -s mysql-5.5.15-linux2.6-i686 mysql

安装可以参考/usr/local/INSTALL-BINARY文件

78 shell> groupadd mysql

79 shell> useradd -r -g mysql mysql

80 shell> cd /usr/local

81 shell> tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz

82 shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql

83 shell> cd mysql

84 shell> chown -R mysql .

85 shell> chgrp -R mysql .

86 shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

87 shell> chown -R root .

88 shell> chown -R mysql data

89 # Next command is optional

90 shell> cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

91 shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

92 # Next command is optional

93 shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server

# groupadd -r mysql

# useradd -r -g mysql mysql –M

# chown -R mysql .

# chogrp -R mysql .

# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

# chown -R root .

# chgrp -R mysql data

# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

更改mysqld的权限

# chmod a+x /etc/init.d/mysqld

# chkconfig –add mysqld

配置mysql的环境变量

# vim /etc/profile

44 PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

# . /etc/profile(.后面加空格)

创建mysql.conf文件并添加库文件路径

# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf

(添加下面内容)

/usr/local/mysql/lib

# ldconfig

为头文件建立连接

# cd /usr/local/mysql

# ln -s include /usr/include/mysql

给root用户密码

# mysqladmin -u root -p password '123456'

# service mysqld restart

注:其实就是将wordpress的站点文件展开就是了,真正的配置可以在前端的web服务器上完成

# unzip wordpress-3.0.5-zh_CN.zip

# cdwordpress-3.0.5-zh_CN

# mv wordpress /usr/local/nginx/html/website

创建mybbs数据库

# mysql–u root –p

Enter password:

mysql>create database mybbs;

mysql>grant all on mybbs to ‘root’@’192.168.110.10’identified by ‘123456’;

mysql>grant all on mybbs to ‘root’@’192.168.110.12’identified by ‘123456’;

mysql>grant all on mybbs to ‘root’@’192.168.110.13’identified by ‘123456’;

mysql>flush privileges;

在/usr/local/nginx/html/website下创建一个隐藏的.test.html用于director对服务器的监控时反馈信息

# cd/usr/local/nginx/html/website

# echo ‘ok’ .test.html

动态网站搭建完成

1.2.服务器端配置

确保服务器端已经安装以下有关nfs的软件包

# rpm -qa |grep nfs

nfs-utils-lib-1.0.8-7.6.el5

nfs-utils-1.0.9-42.el5

查看rpc工作状态

# rpcinfo -p

program vers proto port

100000 2 tcp 111 portmapper

100000 2 udp 111 portmapper

100024 1 udp 653 status

100024 1 tcp 656 status

100011 1 udp 663 rquotad

100011 2 udp 663 rquotad

100011 1 tcp 666 rquotad

100011 2 tcp 666 rquotad

100003 2 udp 2049 nfs

100003 3 udp 2049 nfs

100003 4 udp 2049 nfs

100021 1 udp 38515 nlockmgr

100021 3 udp 38515 nlockmgr

100021 4 udp 38515 nlockmgr

100003 2 tcp 2049 nfs

100003 3 tcp 2049 nfs

100003 4 tcp 2049 nfs

100021 1 tcp 34341 nlockmgr

100021 3 tcp 34341 nlockmgr

100021 4 tcp 34341 nlockmgr

100005 1 udp 677 mountd

100005 1 tcp 680 mountd

100005 2 udp 677 mountd

100005 2 tcp 680 mountd

100005 3 udp 677 mountd

100005 3 tcp 680 mountd

把/usr/local/nginx/html/website并修改权限

# chmod o+wt /usr/local/nginx/html/website

编辑共享清单信息

# vim /etc/exports

/usr/local/nginx/html/website 192.168.110.0/28(rw,sync)(给192.168.110.0/28网段的用户对/usr/local/nginx/html/website有读写权限)

# exportfs –r (刷新共享清单)

# service nfs restart

2.web服务器配置

2.1.web服务器1配置

2.1.1.LAMP环境的搭建

搭建前准备工作

下载一下安装包:

httpd-2.4.4

apr-1.4.6

apr-util-1.5.1

pcre采用光盘镜像的rpm安装包

mysql-5.6.10

php-5.4.13

phpMyAdmin-3.5.8-all-languages

ZendOptimizer-3.3.0a-linux-glibc21-i386

确保搭建的平台有以下开发组件

Development Libraries

Development Tools

Legacy Software Development

X Software Development

安装apache

源码安装httpd:

安装使用httpd我们必须先安装apr和它的工具apr-util

解压apr和apr-util并进入解压后的目录进行编译安装

#tar –zxvf apr-1.4.6.tar.gz –C /usr/local/src/

#tar –zxvf apr-util-1.5.1.tar.gz –C /usr/local/src/

# cd/usr/local/src/ apr-1.4.6

# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/apr

# make&& make install

# cd /usr/local/src/ apr-util-1.5.1

# ./configure --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/bin/apr-1-config

# make&& make install

yum安装pcre和pcre-devel

# yum install pcre

# yum install pcre-devel

解压httpd并编译安装

# tar –jxvf httpd.2.4.4.tar.bz2 –C /usr/local/src/

# cd/usr/local/src/ httpd.2.4.4

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-rewrite --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/bin/apr-1-config --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr/bin/apu-1-config --with-pcre --with-z --enable-mpms-shared=all

# make&& make install

为头文件目录建一个链接,方便用户能够访问到include文件

# ln -s /usr/local/apache/include /usr/include/apache

方便启动关闭重启apache服务建立httpd控制脚本

# vim /etc/init.d/httpd

#!/bin/sh

#set -x

#description:http server

#chkconfig:2345 88 60

HTTPD='/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd'

CONFFILE='/etc/httpd/httpd.conf'

start(){

[ -f /var/lock/subsys/httpd ] && echo "apache is started" && exit

echo -n "starting apache......."

sleep 1

$HTTPD -f $CONFFILE && RETVAL=0 ||RETVAL=1

[ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/httpd && echo "ok" || echo "fail"

}

stop(){

[ ! -f /var/lock/subsys/httpd ]&& echo "httpd is stoped......" && exit

echo -n "stoping httpd......"

sleep 1

/bin/rm -rf /var/lock/subsys/httpd

$HTTPD -k stop && RETVAL=0 || RETVAL=1

[ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && rm -rf /var/lock/subsys/httpd && echo "ok" || echo "fail"

}

case $1 in

start)

start

;;

stop)

stop

;;

restart)

stop

start

;;

*)

echo "start|stop|restart"

;;

Esac

# service httpd start

starting apache.......ok

安装mysql

# tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.10.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/

安装mysql需要cmake,Cmake它相当于./configure

安装cmake

# tar -zxvf cmake-2.8.10.2.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/

# cd/usr/local/src/ cmake-2.8.10.2

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/cmake

执行make && make install

Cmake的可执行文件在/usr/local/cmake/bin目录下为了方便使用cmake,更改/etc/profile文件内容,添加一条PATH值,能直接使用cmke

# vim /etc/profile

45 PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/cmake/bin

安装mysql

# cd/usr/local/src/ mysql-5.6.10

# cmake .

# make&& make install

Mysql默认安装到/usr/local/下,增加mysql组创建用户并更改mysql目录下的所属者和所属组

# cd /usr/local/mysql

# groupadd mysql

# useradd -r -g mysql mysql

# chown -R mysql .

# chgrp -R mysql .

初始化mysql

# cd /usr/local/mysql

# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

进行权限更改

# chown -R root .

# chown -R mysql data

拷贝/mysql/ support-files目录下配置文件到/etc/my.cnf作为新的配置文件

# cd /usr/local/mysql/ support-files

# cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

拷贝mysql.server文件到/etc/init.d/mysqld作为新的控制文件,并给它执行权

# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

# chmod a+x /etc/init.d/mysqld

为直接使用mysql命令添加mysql环境变量

# vim /etc/profile

45 PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/cmake/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin

给数据库创建用户和密码

# mysqladmin -u root -p password 123456

登录

# mysql -u root –p

Enter password:

使系统能够正确找到lib文件,我们需要给它指定正确的lib路径,创建一个mysql.conf在里面写入lib的路径/usr/local/mysql/bin,并对ld.so.cache文件刷新

# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf

加入下面内容

/usr/local/mysql/bin

# ldconfig(刷新)

再给头文件做一个链接

# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql

安装php

# tar -jxvf php-5.4.13.tar.bz2 -C /usr/local/src/

# cd /usr/local/src/ php-5.4.13

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --sysconfdir=/etc --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs --with-zlib --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --enable-mbstring --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --disable-xml --with-freetype-dir --enable-xml

# Make && make install

添加php的环境路径:

# vim /etc/profile

指定php的lib文件路径

# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/php.conf

加入以下内容

/usr/local/php/lib

# ldconfig(更新)

为头文件建立链接

# cd /usr/local/php

# ln -s include /usr/include/php

为了让apache能够处理一些php网页,我们要加入一些模块,向httpd.conf文件内加入语句

# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf

147 LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so

148 AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .phtml

246 <IfModule dir_module>

247 DirectoryIndex index.html index.php

248 </IfModule>

更改web主站点路径到挂载目录,并创建虚拟主机头

213 DocumentRoot "/var/www/website"

514 <Virtualhost 192.168.110.12:80>

515 DocumentRoot /var/www/website

516 ServerName www.zzdx.com

517 ErrorLog logs/tec_error_log

518 CustomLog logs/tec_access_log combined

519 </VirtualHost>

# service httpd restart

stoping httpd......ok

starting apache.......ok

 

2.1.2.Zend加速php

# tar -zxvf ZendOptimizer-3.3.0a-linux-glibc21-i386.tar.gz

# cd ZendOptimizer-3.3.0a-linux-glibc21-i386

# ./install

安装过程(如图2-1-2-1至图2-1-2-7)

HA+LB+NAS:三层架构实现群集高可用和高性能

图2-1-2-1

HA+LB+NAS:三层架构实现群集高可用和高性能

图2-1-2-2

HA+LB+NAS:三层架构实现群集高可用和高性能

图2-1-2-3

指定zend的安装路径

HA+LB+NAS:三层架构实现群集高可用和高性能

图2-1-2-4

指定zend配置文件安装路径

HA+LB+NAS:三层架构实现群集高可用和高性能

图2-1-2-5

HA+LB+NAS:三层架构实现群集高可用和高性能

图2-1-2-6

指定apachectl的路径

HA+LB+NAS:三层架构实现群集高可用和高性能

图2-1-2-7

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