CentOS7——搭建LNMP环境(WordPress案例)
CentOS7——搭建LNMP环境(WordPress案例)
LNMP组成介绍
LNMP（Linux-Nginx-MySQL-PHP）网站架构是目前国际流行的Web框架，该框架包括：Linux操作系统，Nginx网络服务器，MySQL数据库，PHP编程语言，所有组成产品均是免费开源软件，这四种软件组合到一起，成为一个免费、高效的网站服务系统。
LNMP工作原理
浏览器发送http request请求到服务器（Nginx）,服务器响应并处理web请求。如果是静态文本直接返回，否则将脚本（PHP）通过接口传输协议（网关协议）PHP-FCGI（fast-cgi）传输给PHP-FPM（进程管理程序）,然后PHP-FPM调用PHP解析器的其中一个进程PHP-CGI来解析php脚本信息。【PHP-FPM在启动时启动了多个PHP-CGI子进程，并发执行。】然后将解析后的脚本返回到PHP-FPM，PHP-FPM再通过fast-cgi的形式将脚本信息传送给Nginx。服务器再通过Http response的形式传送给浏览器。浏览器再进行解析与渲染然后进行呈现。
WordPress介绍
WordPress 介绍 WordPress是一种使用PHP语言开发的博客平台，用户可以在支持PHP和MySQL 数据库的服务器上架设自己的网站。 也可以把WordPress 当作一个内容管理系统（CMS）来使用。 WordPress 是一个免费的开源项目，在GNU通用公共许可证下授权发布。
构建LNMP+WordPress案例
环境配置
关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalld
临时关闭SELINUX
setenforce 0
永久关闭SELINUX（重启生效）
echo SELINUX=disabled>/etc/selinux/config echo SELINUXTYPE=targeted>>/etc/selinux/config
安装Nginx
增加 Nginx 官方源
cat << EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo [nginx-stable] name=nginx stable repo baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/\$releasever/\$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=1 gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key module_hotfixes=true [nginx-mainline] name=nginx mainline repo baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/\$releasever/\$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key module_hotfixes=true EOF
EPEL 源中的 nginx.service 由于 KILL 参数问题，启动后无法停止，不建议使用。
安装Nginx
yum install -y nginx
备份Nginx配置文件
echo y|cp /etc/nginx/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf.default
修改 nginx.conf
cat << EOF > /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# For more information on configuration, see:
# * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events {
worker_connections 65535;
}
http {
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main ‘\$host \$server_port \$remote_addr - \$remote_user [\$time_local] "\$request" ‘
‘\$status \$request_time \$body_bytes_sent "\$http_referer" ‘
‘"\$http_user_agent" "\$http_x_forwarded_for"‘;
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
server_name_in_redirect off;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
client_header_timeout 3m;
client_body_timeout 3m;
client_max_body_size 50m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
send_timeout 3m;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host \$host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP \$remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST \$remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For \$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_connect_timeout 60;
proxy_send_timeout 60;
proxy_read_timeout 60;
proxy_buffer_size 256k;
proxy_buffers 4 256k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k;
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m;
#让代理服务端不要主动关闭客户端的连接，协助处理499返回代码问题
proxy_ignore_client_abort on;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
index index.html index.htm index.php default.html default.htm default.php;
# Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
# See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
# for more information.
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}
EOF增加默认Host
mkdir /etc/nginx/conf.d
cat << EOF > /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
server_name _;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
# Load configuration files for the default server block.
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
location / {
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html {
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
}
}
EOF启动Nginx
systemctl start nginx
增加开机启动
systemctl enable nginx
查看Nginx状态
# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - nginx - high performance web server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Mon 2020-05-25 05:50:22 EDT; 7s ago
Docs: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
├─1853 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
└─1854 nginx: worker process
May 25 05:50:22 mysql1 systemd[1]: Starting nginx - high performance web server...
May 25 05:50:22 mysql1 systemd[1]: Can‘t open PID file /var/run/nginx.pid (yet?) after start: No such file or directory
May 25 05:50:22 mysql1 systemd[1]: Started nginx - high performance web server.
# ss -antpl|grep nginx
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* users:(("nginx",pid=1854,fd=6),("nginx",pid=1853,fd=6))
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:80 [::]:* users:(("nginx",pid=1854,fd=7),("nginx",pid=1853,fd=7))安装 MySQL
安装 MySQL
yum install -y mariadb-server
备份 my.cnf
cp /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.default
修改 my.cnf
cat << EOF > /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 # Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used. # If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group, # customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the # instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd max_allowed_packet=20M max_heap_table_size = 100M read_buffer_size = 2M read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M sort_buffer_size = 8M join_buffer_size = 8M tmp_table_size = 100M # 查询缓存 #query_cache_limit=4M #query_cache_type=on #query_cache_size=2G bind-address = 127.0.0.1 # 跳过主机名解析，比如localhost，foo.com之类，加速访问 skip-name-resolve # SQL执行日志 general_log=off general_log_file=/var/log/mariadb/general.log # SQL慢查询日志 slow_query_log=off slow_query_log_file=/var/log/mariadb/slowquery.log long_query_time = 5 max_connections = 1000 # 兼容老MySQL代码，比如使用空字符串代替NULL插入数据 sql_mode = "" [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid # # include all files from the config directory # !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d EOF
配置 mysqldump 命令参数
sed -i ‘16 aquick\nquote-names\nmax_allowed_packet = 100M‘ /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf
创建日志文件
touch /var/log/mariadb/general.log /var/log/mariadb/slowquery.log chown mysql:mysql /var/log/mariadb/general.log /var/log/mariadb/slowquery.log
增加开机启动
systemctl enable mariadb
启动 MySQL 服务
systemctl start mariadb
修改root密码
mysqladmin -uroot password "000000"
查看 MySQL 服务状态
# systemctl status mariadb
● mariadb.service - MariaDB database server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Fri 2019-11-29 14:18:12 CST; 1h 7min ago
Process: 16688 ExecStartPost=/usr/libexec/mariadb-wait-ready $MAINPID (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 16653 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mariadb-prepare-db-dir %n (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 16687 (mysqld_safe)
CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service
├─16687 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --basedir=/usr
└─17043 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.lo...
Nov 29 14:18:10 iZ6weebcmroarpx8rrxscrZ systemd[1]: Starting MariaDB database server...
Nov 29 14:18:10 iZ6weebcmroarpx8rrxscrZ mariadb-prepare-db-dir[16653]: Database MariaDB is probably initialized in /var/lib/mysql already, nothing is done.
Nov 29 14:18:11 iZ6weebcmroarpx8rrxscrZ mysqld_safe[16687]: 191129 14:18:11 mysqld_safe Logging to ‘/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log‘.
Nov 29 14:18:11 iZ6weebcmroarpx8rrxscrZ mysqld_safe[16687]: 191129 14:18:11 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
Nov 29 14:18:12 iZ6weebcmroarpx8rrxscrZ systemd[1]: Started MariaDB database server.
# ss -antpl|grep mysql
LISTEN 0 50 127.0.0.1:3306 *:* users:(("mysqld",pid=17043,fd=14))安装 PHP7
增加SCL源
yum install -y centos-release-scl
安装PHP7.2
yum install -y rh-php72 rh-php72-php rh-php72-php-bcmath rh-php72-php-fpm rh-php72-php-gd rh-php72-php-intl rh-php72-php-mbstring rh-php72-php-mysqlnd rh-php72-php-opcache rh-php72-php-pdo rh-php72-php-pecl-apcu rh-php72-php-xmlrpc rh-php72-php-devel
进入 rh-php72 环境
scl enable rh-php72 bash
确认PHP状态
# php -v
PHP 7.2.24 (cli) (built: Nov 4 2019 10:23:08) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.2.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Zend Technologies
with Zend OPcache v7.2.24, Copyright (c) 1999-2018, by Zend Technologies备份php.ini
cp /etc/opt/rh/rh-php72/php.ini /etc/opt/rh/rh-php72/php.ini.default
修改php.ini
# 启用 ‘<? ... ?>‘ 代码风格 sed -i ‘197s/short_open_tag = Off/short_open_tag = On/‘ /etc/opt/rh/rh-php72/php.ini # 禁止一些危险性高的函数 sed -i ‘314s/disable_functions =/disable_functions = system,exec,shell_exec,passthru,set_time_limit,ini_alter,dl,openlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,link,leak,popen,escapeshellcmd,virtual,socket_create,mail,eval/‘ /etc/opt/rh/rh-php72/php.ini # 配置中国时区 sed -i ‘902s#;date.timezone =#date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai#‘ /etc/opt/rh/rh-php72/php.ini
增加开机启动
systemctl enable rh-php72-php-fpm
启动 PHP-FPM 服务
systemctl start rh-php72-php-fpm
查看 PHP-FPM 服务状态
# systemctl status rh-php72-php-fpm
● rh-php72-php-fpm.service - The PHP FastCGI Process Manager
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/rh-php72-php-fpm.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Fri 2019-11-29 13:36:03 CST; 1h 56min ago
Main PID: 15360 (php-fpm)
Status: "Processes active: 0, idle: 6, Requests: 56, slow: 0, Traffic: 0req/sec"
CGroup: /system.slice/rh-php72-php-fpm.service
├─15360 php-fpm: master process (/etc/opt/rh/rh-php72/php-fpm.conf)
├─15361 php-fpm: pool www
├─15362 php-fpm: pool www
├─15363 php-fpm: pool www
├─15364 php-fpm: pool www
├─15365 php-fpm: pool www
└─17211 php-fpm: pool www
Nov 29 13:36:03 iZ6weebcmroarpx8rrxscrZ systemd[1]: Starting The PHP FastCGI Process Manager...
Nov 29 13:36:03 iZ6weebcmroarpx8rrxscrZ systemd[1]: Started The PHP FastCGI Process Manager.
# ss -antpl|grep php-fpm
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 *:* users:(("php-fpm",pid=17211,fd=9),("php-fpm",pid=15365,fd=9),("php-fpm",pid=15364,fd=9),("php-fpm",pid=15363,fd=9),("php-fpm",pid=15362,fd=9),("php-fpm",pid=15361,fd=9),("php-fpm",pid=15360,fd=7))LNMP 环境测试
增加数据库
mysql -uroot -p000000 -e ‘create database wordpress;grant all privileges on wordpress.* to "localhost" identified by "wordpress_password";flush privileges;‘
增加Nginx Host设置
cat << EOF > /etc/nginx/conf.d/wordpress.conf
server{
listen 8080;
server_name wordpress.com;
root /data/web/wordpress.com;
error_log /var/log/nginx/wordpress.com_error.log;
access_log /var/log/nginx/wordpress.com_access.log main;
location / {
try_files \$uri /index.php$is_args\$query_string;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
root /data/web/wordpress.com;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME \$document_root\$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
EOF
# 重载Nginx配置
nginx -t && nginx -s reload准备 Wordpress
mkdir -p /data/web/wordpress.com # 使用 -O 参数指定保存文件名，会强制覆盖已经存在的文件 yum -y install wget wget https://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz -O wordpress.tar.gz tar xf wordpress.tar.gz mv wordpress/* /data/web/wordpress.com rm -rf wordpress chown -R apache:nginx /data/web/wordpress.com chmod -R 755 /data/web/wordpress.com
最后，访问http://服务器地址:8080 进入博客安装界面
如果无法访问网站地址:
1.请确保服务器的防火墙和SELINUX为关闭状态，详细操作请看基础环境配置的关闭防火墙与SELINUX操作。
2.测试主机与服务器的通信状态是否正常
1.选择语言模式为中文
2.填写数据库信息
3.填写网站信息
4.访问http://服务器地址:8080 就可以看到博客已经运行起来了
- wordpress数据库相关信息：
- 数据库服务器：localhost
- 数据库端口：3306
- 数据库名称：wordpress
- 数据库用户名：wordpress
- 数据库密码：wordpress_password
写在最后
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