HTML5 WebSocket 应用示例
继续上一篇《HTML5 WebSocket 技术介绍》的内容,本篇将以示例说明WebSocket的使用,这个示例同时结合了TWaver HTML5的使用,场景如下:后台提供拓扑数据,并以JSON格式通过WebSocket推送到各个客户端,客户端获取到拓扑信息后,通过TWaver HTML5的Network组件呈现于界面,客户端可以操作网元,操作结果通过WebSocket提交到后台,后台服务器更新并通知所有的客户端刷新界面,此外后台服务器端还会不断产生告警,并推送到各个客户端更新界面。
大体结构
准备
需要用到jetty和twaver html5,可自行下载:
jetty :http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/twaver html5
jetty目录结构
jetty下载解压后是下面的结构,运行start.jar(java -jar start.jar)启动jetty服务器,web项目可以发布在/webapps目录中,比如本例目录/webapps/alarm/
后台部分
后台使用jetty,其使用风格延续servlet的api,可以按Serlvet的使用和部署方式来使用,本例中主要用到三个类
WebSocketServlet – WebSocket服务类WebSocket – 对应一个WebSocket客户端WebSocket.Conllection – 代表一个WebSocket连接WebSocketServlet
全名为org.eclipse.jetty.websocket.WebSocketServlet,用于提供websocket服务,继承于HttpServlet,增加了方法public WebSocket doWebSocketConnect(HttpServletRequest request, String protocol),在客户端第一次请求websocket连接时会调用该方法,如果允许建立连接,则返回一个WebSocket实例对象,否则返回null。
本例中将定义一个AlarmServlet类,继承于WebSocketServlet,并实现doWebSocketConnect方法,返回一个 AlarmWebSocket实例,代表一个客户端。
AlarmServlet
AlarmWebSocket中有个clients属性,用于维持一个客户端(AlarmWebSocket)列表,当与客户端建立连接时,会将客户端对应的AlarmWebSocket实例添加到这个列表,当客户端关闭时,则从这个列表中删除。
public class AlarmServlet extends org.eclipse.jetty.websocket.WebSocketServlet { private final Set<AlarmWebSocket> clients;//保存客户端列表 public AlarmServlet() { initDatas();//初始化数据 } @Override public WebSocket doWebSocketConnect(HttpServletRequest request, String protocol) { return new AlarmWebSocket(); } //... }
AlarmWebSocket
来看看AlarmWebSocket的实现,这里定义的是一个内部类,实现了接口org.eclipse.jetty.websocket.WebSocket.OnTextMessage的三个方法:onOpen/onMessage/onClose,这三个方法分别在连接建立,收到客户端消息,关闭连接时回调,如果需要向客户端发送消息,可以通过Connection#sendMessage(…)方法,消息统一使用JSON格式,下面是具体实现:
class AlarmWebSocket implements org.eclipse.jetty.websocket.WebSocket.OnTextMessage { WebSocket.Connection connection; @Override public void onOpen(Connection connect) { this.connection = connect; clients.add(this); sendMessage(this, "reload", loadDatas()); } @Override public void onClose(int code, String message) { clients.remove(this); } @Override public void onMessage(String message) { Object json = JSON.parse(message); if(!(json instanceof Map)){ return; } //解析消息,jetty中json数据将被解析成map对象 Map map = (Map)json; //通过消息中的信息,更新后台数据模型 ... //处理消息,通知到其他各个客户端 for(AlarmWebSocket client : clients){ if(this.equals(client)){ continue; } sendMessage(client, null, message); } } } private void sendMessage(AlarmWebSocket client, String action, String message){ try { if(message == null || message.isEmpty()){ message = "\"\""; } if(action != null){ message = "{\"action\":\"" + action + "\", \"data\":" + message + "}"; } client.connection.sendMessage(message); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }
后台配置
后台配置如serlvet相同,这里设置的url名称为/alarmServer
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" metadata-complete="false" version="3.0"> <servlet> <servlet-name>alarmServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>web.AlarmServlet</servlet-class> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>alarmServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/alarmServer</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
前台部分
看看前台的大体结构,创建websocket连接,监听相关事件,比如onmessage事件,可以收到后台发送的信息(JSON格式),解析后更新到界面,详细的处理函数将稍后介绍
function init(){ window.WebSocket = window.WebSocket || window.MozWebSocket; if (!window.WebSocket){ alert("WebSocket not supported by this browser"); return; } var websocket = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:8080/alarm/alarmServer"); websocket.onopen = onopen; websocket.onclose = onclose; websocket.onmessage = onmessage; ... } function onmessage(evt){ var data = evt.data; if(!data){ return; } data = stringToJson(data); if(!data){ return; } ... } function jsonToString(json){ return JSON.stringify(json); } function stringToJson(str){ try{ str = str.replace(/\'/g, "\""); return JSON.parse(str); }catch(error){ console.log(error); } }
WebSocket前后台流程

业务实现
数据模型
本例需要用到三种业务类型,节点,连线和告警,后台分别提供了实现类,并定义了名称,位置,线宽等属性,此外还提供了导出json数据的功能。
interface IJSON{ String toJSON(); } class Data{ String name; public Data(String name){ this.name = name; } } class Node extends Data implements IJSON{ public Node(String name, double x, double y){ super(name); this.x = x; this.y = y; } double x, y; public String toJSON(){ return "{\"name\":\"" + name + "\", \"x\":\"" + x + "\",\"y\":\"" + y + "\"}"; } } class Link extends Data implements IJSON{ public Link(String name, String from, String to, int width){ super(name); this.from =from; this.to = to; this.width = width; } String from; String to; int width = 2; public String toJSON(){ return "{\"name\":\"" + name + "\", \"from\":\"" + from + "\", \"to\":\"" + to + "\", \"width\":\"" + width + "\"}"; } } class Alarm implements IJSON{ public Alarm(String elementName, String alarmSeverity){ this.alarmSeverity = alarmSeverity; this.elementName = elementName; } String alarmSeverity; String elementName; @Override public String toJSON() { return "{\"elementName\": \"" + elementName + "\", \"alarmSeverity\": \"" + alarmSeverity + "\"}"; } }
后台维持三个数据集合,分别存放节点,连线和告警信息,此外elementMap以节点名称为键,便于节点的快速查找
Map<String, Data> elementMap = new HashMap<String, AlarmServlet.Data>(); List<Node> nodes = new ArrayList<AlarmServlet.Node>(); List<Link> links = new ArrayList<AlarmServlet.Link>(); List<Alarm> alarms = new ArrayList<AlarmServlet.Alarm>();
初始化数据
在servlet构造中,我们添加了些模拟数据,在客户端建立连接时(AlarmWebSocket#onOpen(Connection connection)),后台将节点连线和告警信息以JSON格式发送到前台(sendMessage(this, “reload”, loadDatas());)
public AlarmServlet() { initDatas(); ... } public void initDatas() { int i = 0; double cx = 350, cy = 230, a = 250, b = 180; nodes.add(new Node("center", cx, cy)); double angle = 0, perAngle = 2 * Math.PI/10; while(i++ < 10){ Node node = new Node("node_" + i, cx + a * Math.cos(angle), cy + b * Math.sin(angle)); elementMap.put(node.name, node); nodes.add(node); angle += perAngle; } i = 0; while(i++ < 10){ Link link = new Link("link_" + i, "center", "node_" + i, 1 + random.nextInt(10)); elementMap.put(link.name, link); links.add(link); } } private String loadDatas(){ StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer(); result.append("{\"nodes\":"); listToJSON(nodes, result); result.append(", \"links\":"); listToJSON(links, result); result.append(", \"alarms\":"); listToJSON(alarms, result); result.append("}"); return result.toString(); } class AlarmWebSocket implements org.eclipse.jetty.websocket.WebSocket.OnTextMessage { ... @Override public void onOpen(Connection connect) { this.connection = connect; clients.add(this); sendMessage(this, "reload", loadDatas()); } ... }
初始数据前台展示
初始数据通过后台的sendMessage(…)方法推送到客户端,客户端可以在onmessage回调函数中收到,本例我们使用twaver html5组件来展示这些信息。TWaver组件的使用流程一如既往,先作数据转换,将JSON数据转换成TWaver的网元类型,然后填充到ElementBox数据容器,最后关联上Network拓扑图组件,代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>TWaver HTML5 Demo - Alarm</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="./twaver.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var box, network, nameFinder; function init(){ network = new twaver.network.Network(); box = network.getElementBox(); nameFinder = new twaver.QuickFinder(box, "name"); var networkDom = network.getView(); networkDom.style.width = "100%"; networkDom.style.height = "100%"; document.body.appendChild(networkDom); window.WebSocket = window.WebSocket || window.MozWebSocket; if (!window.WebSocket){ alert("WebSocket not supported by this browser"); return; } var websocket = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:8080/alarm/alarmServer"); ... websocket.onmessage = onmessage; } ... function onmessage(evt){ var data = evt.data; if(!data){ return; } data = stringToJson(data); if(!data){ return; } var action = data.action; if(!action){ return; } if(action == "alarm.clear"){ box.getAlarmBox().clear(); return; } data = data.data; if(!data){ return; } if(action == "reload"){ reloadDatas(data); return; } if(action == "alarm.add"){ newAlarm(data) return; } if(action == "node.move"){ modeMove(data); return; } } function reloadDatas(datas){ box.clear(); var nodes = datas.nodes; var links = datas.links; var alarms = datas.alarms; for(var i=0,l=nodes.length; i < l; i++){ var data = nodes[i]; var node = new twaver.Node(); node.setName(data.name); node.setCenterLocation(parseFloat(data.x), parseFloat(data.y)); box.add(node); } for(var i=0,l=links.length; i < l; i++){ var data = links[i]; var from = findFirst(data.from); var to = findFirst(data.to); var link = new twaver.Link(from, to); link.setName(data.name); link.setStyle("link.width", parseInt(data.width)); box.add(link); } var alarmBox = box.getAlarmBox(); for(var i=0,l=alarms.length; i < l; i++){ newAlarm(alarms[i]); } } function findFirst(name){ return nameFinder.findFirst(name); } function newAlarm(data){ var element = findFirst(data.elementName); var alarmSeverity = twaver.AlarmSeverity.getByName(data.alarmSeverity); if(!element || !alarmSeverity){ return; } addAlarm(element.getId(), alarmSeverity, box.getAlarmBox()); } function addAlarm(elementID,alarmSeverity,alarmBox){ var alarm = new twaver.Alarm(null, elementID,alarmSeverity); alarmBox.add(alarm); } function modeMove(datas){ for(var i=0,l=datas.length; i<l; i++){ var data = datas[i]; var node = findFirst(data.name); if(node){ var x = parseFloat(data.x); var y = parseFloat(data.y); node.setCenterLocation(x, y); } } } ... </script> </head> <body onload="init()" style="margin:0;"></body> </html>
界面效果

后台推送告警,前台实时更新
增加后台推送告警的代码,这里我们在后台起了一个定时器,每隔两秒产生一条随机告警,或者清除所有告警,并将信息推送给所有的客户端
后台代码如下:
public AlarmServlet() { ... Timer timer = new Timer(); timer.schedule(new TimerTask() { @Override public void run() { if(random.nextInt(10) == 9){ alarms.clear(); sendMessage ("alarm.clear", ""); return; } sendMessage("alarm.add", randomAlarm()); } }, 0, 2000); } public void sendMessage(String action, String message) { for(AlarmWebSocket client : clients){ sendMessage(client, action, message); } } private Random random = new Random(); private Data getRandomElement(){ if(random.nextBoolean()){ return nodes.get(random.nextInt(nodes.size())); } return links.get(random.nextInt(links.size())); } String[] alarmSeverities = new String[]{"Critical", "Major", "Minor", "Warning", "Indeterminate"}; private String randomAlarm(){ Alarm alarm = new Alarm(getRandomElement().name, alarmSeverities[random.nextInt(alarmSeverities.length)]); alarms.add(alarm); return alarm.toJSON(); }前台代码:
客户端接收到消息后,需要对应的处理,增加对”alarm.clear”和”alarm.add”的处理,这样告警就能实时更新了
function onmessage(evt){ ... if(action == "alarm.clear"){ box.getAlarmBox().clear(); return; } data = data.data; if(!data){ return; } ... if(action == "alarm.add"){ newAlarm(data) return; } ... }
客户端拖拽节点,同步到其他客户端
最后增加拖拽同步,监听network网元拖拽监听,在网元拖拽放手后,将节点位置信息发送给后台
前台代码:
network.addInteractionListener(function(evt){ var moveEnd = "MoveEnd"; if(evt.kind.substr(-moveEnd.length) == moveEnd){ var nodes = []; var selection = box.getSelectionModel().getSelection(); selection.forEach(function(element){ if(element instanceof twaver.Node){ var xy = element.getCenterLocation(); nodes.push({name: element.getName(), x: xy.x, y: xy.y}); } }); websocket.send(jsonToString({action: "node.move", data: nodes})); } });后台接收到节点位置信息后,首先更新后台数据(节点位置),然后将消息转发给其他客户端,这样各个客户端就实现了同步操作
后台代码:
class AlarmWebSocket implements org.eclipse.jetty.websocket.WebSocket.OnTextMessage { ... @Override public void onMessage(String message) { Object json = JSON.parse(message); if(!(json instanceof Map)){ return; } Map map = (Map)json; Object action = map.get("action"); Object data = map.get("data"); if("node.move".equals(action)){ if(!(data instanceof Object[])){ return; } Object[] nodes = (Object[])data; for(Object nodeData : nodes){ if(!(nodeData instanceof Map) || !((Map)nodeData).containsKey("name") || !((Map)nodeData).containsKey("x") || !((Map)nodeData).containsKey("y")){ continue; } String name = ((Map)nodeData).get("name").toString(); Data element = elementMap.get(name); if(!(element instanceof Node)){ continue; } double x = Double.parseDouble(((Map)nodeData).get("x").toString()); double y = Double.parseDouble(((Map)nodeData).get("y").toString()); ((Node)element).x = x; ((Node)element).y = y; } }else{ return; } for(AlarmWebSocket client : clients){ if(this.equals(client)){ continue; } sendMessage(client, null, message); } } }
完整代码
结构:
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