HTML5 WebSocket 应用示例

     继续上一篇《HTML5 WebSocket 技术介绍》的内容,本篇将以示例说明WebSocket的使用,这个示例同时结合了TWaver HTML5的使用,场景如下:后台提供拓扑数据,并以JSON格式通过WebSocket推送到各个客户端,客户端获取到拓扑信息后,通过TWaver HTML5的Network组件呈现于界面,客户端可以操作网元,操作结果通过WebSocket提交到后台,后台服务器更新并通知所有的客户端刷新界面,此外后台服务器端还会不断产生告警,并推送到各个客户端更新界面。

大体结构

准备

     需要用到jetty和twaver html5,可自行下载:

jetty :http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/twaver html5

jetty目录结构

      jetty下载解压后是下面的结构,运行start.jar(java -jar start.jar)启动jetty服务器,web项目可以发布在/webapps目录中,比如本例目录/webapps/alarm/

HTML5 WebSocket 应用示例

后台部分

      后台使用jetty,其使用风格延续servlet的api,可以按Serlvet的使用和部署方式来使用,本例中主要用到三个类

WebSocketServlet – WebSocket服务类WebSocket – 对应一个WebSocket客户端WebSocket.Conllection – 代表一个WebSocket连接

WebSocketServlet

      全名为org.eclipse.jetty.websocket.WebSocketServlet,用于提供websocket服务,继承于HttpServlet,增加了方法public WebSocket doWebSocketConnect(HttpServletRequest request, String protocol),在客户端第一次请求websocket连接时会调用该方法,如果允许建立连接,则返回一个WebSocket实例对象,否则返回null。

      本例中将定义一个AlarmServlet类,继承于WebSocketServlet,并实现doWebSocketConnect方法,返回一个   AlarmWebSocket实例,代表一个客户端。

AlarmServlet

      AlarmWebSocket中有个clients属性,用于维持一个客户端(AlarmWebSocket)列表,当与客户端建立连接时,会将客户端对应的AlarmWebSocket实例添加到这个列表,当客户端关闭时,则从这个列表中删除。

public class AlarmServlet extends org.eclipse.jetty.websocket.WebSocketServlet {
	private final Set<AlarmWebSocket> clients;//保存客户端列表

	public AlarmServlet() {
		initDatas();//初始化数据
	}

	@Override
	public WebSocket doWebSocketConnect(HttpServletRequest request, String protocol) {
		return new AlarmWebSocket();
	}
	//...
}

AlarmWebSocket

      来看看AlarmWebSocket的实现,这里定义的是一个内部类,实现了接口org.eclipse.jetty.websocket.WebSocket.OnTextMessage的三个方法:onOpen/onMessage/onClose,这三个方法分别在连接建立,收到客户端消息,关闭连接时回调,如果需要向客户端发送消息,可以通过Connection#sendMessage(…)方法,消息统一使用JSON格式,下面是具体实现:

class AlarmWebSocket implements org.eclipse.jetty.websocket.WebSocket.OnTextMessage
   {
   	WebSocket.Connection connection;
	@Override
	public void onOpen(Connection connect) {
		this.connection = connect;
		clients.add(this);
		sendMessage(this, "reload", loadDatas());
	}
	@Override
	public void onClose(int code, String message) {
		clients.remove(this);
	}
	@Override
	public void onMessage(String message) {
		Object json = JSON.parse(message);
		if(!(json instanceof Map)){
			return;
		}
		//解析消息,jetty中json数据将被解析成map对象
		Map map = (Map)json;
		//通过消息中的信息,更新后台数据模型
		...
		//处理消息,通知到其他各个客户端
		for(AlarmWebSocket client : clients){
			if(this.equals(client)){
				continue;
			}
			sendMessage(client, null, message);
		}
	}
}
private void sendMessage(AlarmWebSocket client, String action, String message){
	try {
		if(message == null || message.isEmpty()){
			message = "\"\"";
		}
		if(action != null){
			message = "{\"action\":\"" + action + "\", \"data\":" + message + "}";
		}
		client.connection.sendMessage(message);
	} catch (IOException e) {
		e.printStackTrace();
	}
}

后台配置

      后台配置如serlvet相同,这里设置的url名称为/alarmServer

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
    metadata-complete="false"
    version="3.0">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>alarmServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>web.AlarmServlet</servlet-class>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>alarmServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/alarmServer</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
 

前台部分

       看看前台的大体结构,创建websocket连接,监听相关事件,比如onmessage事件,可以收到后台发送的信息(JSON格式),解析后更新到界面,详细的处理函数将稍后介绍

function init(){
    window.WebSocket = window.WebSocket || window.MozWebSocket;
    if (!window.WebSocket){
        alert("WebSocket not supported by this browser");
        return;
    }
    var websocket = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:8080/alarm/alarmServer");
    websocket.onopen = onopen;
    websocket.onclose = onclose;
    websocket.onmessage = onmessage;
    ...
}
function onmessage(evt){
    var data = evt.data;
    if(!data){
        return;
    }
    data = stringToJson(data);
    if(!data){
        return;
    }
    ...
}
function jsonToString(json){
    return JSON.stringify(json);
}
function stringToJson(str){
    try{
        str = str.replace(/\'/g, "\"");
        return JSON.parse(str);
    }catch(error){
        console.log(error);
    }
}
 

WebSocket前后台流程

HTML5 WebSocket 应用示例

业务实现

数据模型

      本例需要用到三种业务类型,节点,连线和告警,后台分别提供了实现类,并定义了名称,位置,线宽等属性,此外还提供了导出json数据的功能。

interface IJSON{
  	String toJSON();
  }
  class Data{
  	String name;
  	public Data(String name){
  		this.name = name;
  	}
  }
  class Node extends Data implements IJSON{
  	public Node(String name, double x, double y){
  		super(name);
  		this.x = x;
  		this.y = y;
  	}
  	double x, y;
  	public String toJSON(){
  		return "{\"name\":\"" + name + "\", \"x\":\"" + x + "\",\"y\":\"" + y + "\"}";
  	}
  }
  class Link extends Data implements IJSON{
  	public Link(String name, String from, String to, int width){
  		super(name);
  		this.from =from;
  		this.to = to;
  		this.width = width;
  	}
  	String from;
  	String to;
  	int width = 2;
  	public String toJSON(){
  		return "{\"name\":\"" + name + "\", \"from\":\"" + from + "\", \"to\":\"" + to + "\", \"width\":\"" + width + "\"}";
  	}
  }
  class Alarm implements IJSON{
  	public Alarm(String elementName, String alarmSeverity){
  		this.alarmSeverity = alarmSeverity;
  		this.elementName = elementName;
  	}
  	String alarmSeverity;
  	String elementName;
@Override
public String toJSON() {
	return "{\"elementName\": \"" + elementName + "\", \"alarmSeverity\": \"" + alarmSeverity + "\"}";
}
  }
 

        后台维持三个数据集合,分别存放节点,连线和告警信息,此外elementMap以节点名称为键,便于节点的快速查找

Map<String, Data> elementMap = new HashMap<String, AlarmServlet.Data>();
List<Node> nodes = new ArrayList<AlarmServlet.Node>();
List<Link> links = new ArrayList<AlarmServlet.Link>();
List<Alarm> alarms = new ArrayList<AlarmServlet.Alarm>();
 

初始化数据

       在servlet构造中,我们添加了些模拟数据,在客户端建立连接时(AlarmWebSocket#onOpen(Connection connection)),后台将节点连线和告警信息以JSON格式发送到前台(sendMessage(this, “reload”, loadDatas());)

public AlarmServlet() {
	initDatas();
	...
}

public void initDatas() {
	int i = 0;
	double cx = 350, cy = 230, a = 250, b = 180;
	nodes.add(new Node("center", cx, cy));
	double angle = 0, perAngle = 2 * Math.PI/10;
	while(i++ < 10){
		Node node = new Node("node_" + i, cx + a * Math.cos(angle), cy + b * Math.sin(angle));
		elementMap.put(node.name, node);
		nodes.add(node);
		angle += perAngle;
	}
	i = 0;
	while(i++ < 10){
		Link link = new Link("link_" + i, "center", "node_" + i, 1 + random.nextInt(10));
		elementMap.put(link.name, link);
		links.add(link);
	}
}

private String loadDatas(){
	StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
	result.append("{\"nodes\":");
	listToJSON(nodes, result);
	result.append(", \"links\":");
	listToJSON(links, result);
	result.append(", \"alarms\":");
	listToJSON(alarms, result);
	result.append("}");
	return result.toString();
}

   class AlarmWebSocket implements org.eclipse.jetty.websocket.WebSocket.OnTextMessage
   {
   		...
	@Override
	public void onOpen(Connection connect) {
		this.connection = connect;
		clients.add(this);
		sendMessage(this, "reload", loadDatas());
	}
   		...
   }
 

初始数据前台展示

初始数据通过后台的sendMessage(…)方法推送到客户端,客户端可以在onmessage回调函数中收到,本例我们使用twaver html5组件来展示这些信息。TWaver组件的使用流程一如既往,先作数据转换,将JSON数据转换成TWaver的网元类型,然后填充到ElementBox数据容器,最后关联上Network拓扑图组件,代码如下:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>TWaver HTML5 Demo - Alarm</title>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="./twaver.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var box, network, nameFinder;
        function init(){
            network = new twaver.network.Network();
            box = network.getElementBox();
            nameFinder = new twaver.QuickFinder(box, "name");

            var networkDom = network.getView();
            networkDom.style.width = "100%";
            networkDom.style.height = "100%";
            document.body.appendChild(networkDom);

            window.WebSocket = window.WebSocket || window.MozWebSocket;
            if (!window.WebSocket){
                alert("WebSocket not supported by this browser");
                return;
            }
            var websocket = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:8080/alarm/alarmServer");
            ...
            websocket.onmessage = onmessage;

        }
        ...
        function onmessage(evt){
            var data = evt.data;
            if(!data){
                return;
            }
            data = stringToJson(data);
            if(!data){
                return;
            }
            var action = data.action;
            if(!action){
                return;
            }
            if(action == "alarm.clear"){
                box.getAlarmBox().clear();
                return;
            }
            data = data.data;
            if(!data){
                return;
            }
            if(action == "reload"){
                reloadDatas(data);
                return;
            }
            if(action == "alarm.add"){
                newAlarm(data)
                return;
            }
            if(action == "node.move"){
                modeMove(data);
                return;
            }
        }

        function reloadDatas(datas){
            box.clear();
            var nodes = datas.nodes;
            var links = datas.links;
            var alarms = datas.alarms;

            for(var i=0,l=nodes.length; i < l; i++){
                var data = nodes[i];
                var node = new twaver.Node();
                node.setName(data.name);
                node.setCenterLocation(parseFloat(data.x), parseFloat(data.y));
                box.add(node);
            }

            for(var i=0,l=links.length; i < l; i++){
                var data = links[i];
                var from = findFirst(data.from);
                var to = findFirst(data.to);
                var link = new twaver.Link(from, to);
                link.setName(data.name);
                link.setStyle("link.width", parseInt(data.width));
                box.add(link);
            }

            var alarmBox = box.getAlarmBox();
            for(var i=0,l=alarms.length; i < l; i++){
                newAlarm(alarms[i]);
            }
        }
        function findFirst(name){
            return nameFinder.findFirst(name);
        }
        function newAlarm(data){
            var element = findFirst(data.elementName);
            var alarmSeverity = twaver.AlarmSeverity.getByName(data.alarmSeverity);
            if(!element || !alarmSeverity){
                return;
            }
            addAlarm(element.getId(), alarmSeverity, box.getAlarmBox());
        }
        function addAlarm(elementID,alarmSeverity,alarmBox){
            var alarm = new twaver.Alarm(null, elementID,alarmSeverity);
            alarmBox.add(alarm);
        }
        function modeMove(datas){
            for(var i=0,l=datas.length; i<l; i++){
                var data = datas[i];
                var node = findFirst(data.name);
                if(node){
                    var x = parseFloat(data.x);
                    var y = parseFloat(data.y);
                    node.setCenterLocation(x, y);
                }
            }
        }
        ...
    </script>
</head>
<body onload="init()" style="margin:0;"></body>
</html>
 

界面效果

HTML5 WebSocket 应用示例

后台推送告警,前台实时更新

增加后台推送告警的代码,这里我们在后台起了一个定时器,每隔两秒产生一条随机告警,或者清除所有告警,并将信息推送给所有的客户端

后台代码如下:

public AlarmServlet() {
	...
	Timer timer = new Timer();
	timer.schedule(new TimerTask() {
		@Override
		public void run() {
			if(random.nextInt(10) == 9){
				alarms.clear();
				sendMessage ("alarm.clear", "");
				return;
			}
			sendMessage("alarm.add", randomAlarm());
		}
	}, 0, 2000);
}
public void sendMessage(String action, String message) {
	for(AlarmWebSocket client : clients){
		sendMessage(client, action, message);
	}
}
private Random random = new Random();
private Data getRandomElement(){
	if(random.nextBoolean()){
		return nodes.get(random.nextInt(nodes.size()));
	}
	return links.get(random.nextInt(links.size()));
}
String[] alarmSeverities = new String[]{"Critical", "Major", "Minor", "Warning", "Indeterminate"};
private String randomAlarm(){
	Alarm alarm = new Alarm(getRandomElement().name, alarmSeverities[random.nextInt(alarmSeverities.length)]);
	alarms.add(alarm);
	return alarm.toJSON();
}
 前台代码:

客户端接收到消息后,需要对应的处理,增加对”alarm.clear”和”alarm.add”的处理,这样告警就能实时更新了

function onmessage(evt){
    ...
    if(action == "alarm.clear"){
        box.getAlarmBox().clear();
        return;
    }
    data = data.data;
    if(!data){
        return;
    }
    ...
    if(action == "alarm.add"){
        newAlarm(data)
        return;
    }
    ...
}
 

客户端拖拽节点,同步到其他客户端

最后增加拖拽同步,监听network网元拖拽监听,在网元拖拽放手后,将节点位置信息发送给后台

前台代码:

network.addInteractionListener(function(evt){
    var moveEnd = "MoveEnd";
    if(evt.kind.substr(-moveEnd.length) == moveEnd){
        var nodes = [];
        var selection = box.getSelectionModel().getSelection();
        selection.forEach(function(element){
            if(element instanceof twaver.Node){
                var xy = element.getCenterLocation();
                nodes.push({name: element.getName(), x: xy.x, y: xy.y});
            }
        });
        websocket.send(jsonToString({action: "node.move", data: nodes}));
    }
});
      后台接收到节点位置信息后,首先更新后台数据(节点位置),然后将消息转发给其他客户端,这样各个客户端就实现了同步操作

后台代码:

class AlarmWebSocket implements org.eclipse.jetty.websocket.WebSocket.OnTextMessage
   {
   		...
	@Override
	public void onMessage(String message) {
		Object json = JSON.parse(message);
		if(!(json instanceof Map)){
			return;
		}
		Map map = (Map)json;
		Object action = map.get("action");
		Object data = map.get("data");
		if("node.move".equals(action)){
			if(!(data instanceof Object[])){
				return;
			}
			Object[] nodes = (Object[])data;
			for(Object nodeData : nodes){
				if(!(nodeData instanceof Map) || !((Map)nodeData).containsKey("name") || !((Map)nodeData).containsKey("x") || !((Map)nodeData).containsKey("y")){
					continue;
				}
				String name = ((Map)nodeData).get("name").toString();
				Data element = elementMap.get(name);
				if(!(element instanceof Node)){
					continue;
				}
				double x = Double.parseDouble(((Map)nodeData).get("x").toString());
				double y = Double.parseDouble(((Map)nodeData).get("y").toString());
				((Node)element).x = x;
				((Node)element).y = y;
			}

		}else{
			return;
		}
		for(AlarmWebSocket client : clients){
			if(this.equals(client)){
				continue;
			}
			sendMessage(client, null, message);
		}
	}
}
 

完整代码

代码:webSocketDemo

结构:

HTML5 WebSocket 应用示例

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