Linux LVM文件系统管理的创建和扩展

LinuxZhouYing

2016-04-16

LVM(Logical Volume Manager)逻辑卷管理是在Linux2.4内核以上实现的磁盘管理技术。LVM将一个或多个硬盘的分区在逻辑上集合，相当于一个大硬盘来使用，当硬盘的空间不够使用的时候，可以继续将其它的硬盘的分区加入其中，这样可以实现磁盘空间的动态管理，相对于普通的磁盘分区有很大的灵活性。与传统的磁盘与分区相比，LVM为计算机提供了更高层次的磁盘存储。它使系统管理员可以更方便的为应用与用户分配存储空间。在LVM管理下的存储卷可以按需要随时改变大小与移除(可能需对文件系统工具进行升级)。LVM也允许按用户组对存储卷进行管理，允许管理员用更直观的名称(如"data'、 'Oracle')代替物理磁盘名(如'sda'、'sdb')来标识存储卷。

物理存储介质(The physical media)：这里指系统的存储设备/dev/sda1、/dev/xvdb1等，是存储系统最低层的存储单元。

物理卷(physical volume)：物理卷就是指硬盘分区或从逻辑上与磁盘分区具有同样功能的设备(如RAID)，是LVM的基本存储逻辑块，但和基本的物理存储介质(如分区、磁盘等)比较，却包含有与LVM相关的管理参数，PV即物理的磁盘分区。

卷组(Volume Group)：LVM卷组类似于非LVM系统中的物理硬盘，其由物理卷组成，可以在卷组上创建一个或多个“LVM分区”（逻辑卷），LVM卷组由一个或多个物理卷组成。

逻辑卷（logical volume）：LVM的逻辑卷类似于非LVM系统中的硬盘分区，在逻辑卷之上可以建立文件系统(比如/home或者/usr等)。

PE(physical extent)：每一个物理卷被划分为称为PE(Physical Extents)的基本单元，具有唯一编号的PE是可以被LVM寻址的最小单元。PE的大小是可配置的，默认为4MB。

LE(logical extent)：逻辑卷也被划分为被称为LE(Logical Extents) 的可被寻址的基本单位。在同一个卷组中，LE的大小和PE是相同的，并且一一对应。

创建PV

pvcreate /dev/xvdb1 /dev/xvdc1 /dev/xvde1

创建VG

vgcreate -s 8M datavg /dev/xvdb1 /dev/xvdc1 /dev/xvde1

创建LV

lvcreate -L 890G -n lvdata datavg

挂载LV

/dev/datavg/lvdata

创建PV

pvcreate /dev/xvdf1

扩展VG

vgextend datavg /dev/xvdf1

扩展LV

lvextend -L +100G /dev/datavg/lvdata

扩展文件系统

resize2fs /dev/datavg/lvdata

案例：

[root@hkpgsadg dev]# ls -l /dev/xvd*

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 0 Apr 13 16:37 /dev/xvda

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 1 Apr 13 16:36 /dev/xvda1

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 2 Apr 13 16:36 /dev/xvda2

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 3 Apr 13 16:36 /dev/xvda3

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 16 Apr 13 16:39 /dev/xvdb

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 17 Apr 13 16:39 /dev/xvdb1

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 32 Apr 13 16:37 /dev/xvdc

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 64 Apr 13 16:37 /dev/xvde

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 80 Apr 13 16:37 /dev/xvdf

[root@hkpgsadg dev]# fdisk /dev/xvdc

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x04acd4ca.

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to

switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to

sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

Partition number (1-4): 1

First cylinder (1-65270, default 1):

Using default value 1

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-65270, default 65270):

Using default value 65270

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[root@hkpgsadg dev]# ls -l /dev/xvd*

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 0 Apr 13 16:37 /dev/xvda

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 1 Apr 13 16:36 /dev/xvda1

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 2 Apr 13 16:36 /dev/xvda2

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 3 Apr 13 16:36 /dev/xvda3

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 16 Apr 13 16:39 /dev/xvdb

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 17 Apr 13 16:39 /dev/xvdb1

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 32 Apr 13 16:39 /dev/xvdc

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 33 Apr 13 16:39 /dev/xvdc1

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 64 Apr 13 16:40 /dev/xvde

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 65 Apr 13 16:40 /dev/xvde1

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 80 Apr 13 16:40 /dev/xvdf

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 202, 81 Apr 13 16:40 /dev/xvdf1

[root@hkpgsadg dev]# pvcreate /dev/xvdb1 /dev/xvdc1 /dev/xvde1

Physical volume "/dev/xvdb1" successfully created

Physical volume "/dev/xvdc1" successfully created

Physical volume "/dev/xvde1" successfully created

[root@hkpgsadg dev]# pvdisplay

--- Physical volume ---

PV Name /dev/xvda2

VG Name VolGroup

PV Size 19.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB

Allocatable yes (but full)

PE Size 4.00 MiB

Total PE 4994

Free PE 0

Allocated PE 4994

PV UUID Tv6PfK-cNpj-zYU2-cPeY-Xp8H-guAW-YZOm7d

--- Physical volume ---

PV Name /dev/xvda3

VG Name VolGroup

PV Size 100.00 GiB / not usable 3.99 MiB

Allocatable yes (but full)

PE Size 4.00 MiB

Total PE 25599

Free PE 0

Allocated PE 25599

PV UUID hhOoov-6TnF-p1Mg-mPc6-66If-zNwT-v8cIKB

"/dev/xvdb1" is a new physical volume of "100.00 GiB"

--- NEW Physical volume ---

PV Name /dev/xvdb1

VG Name

PV Size 100.00 GiB

Allocatable NO

PE Size 0

Total PE 0

Free PE 0

Allocated PE 0

PV UUID OujuQi-rD1R-K91R-Ni82-jyAX-PpjD-ZnQvo5

"/dev/xvdc1" is a new physical volume of "499.99 GiB"

--- NEW Physical volume ---

PV Name /dev/xvdc1

VG Name

PV Size 499.99 GiB

Allocatable NO

PE Size 0

Total PE 0

Free PE 0

Allocated PE 0

PV UUID grJiiL-KGug-ef3c-XF2J-ffS1-AhTl-xfHSMW

"/dev/xvde1" is a new physical volume of "300.00 GiB"

--- NEW Physical volume ---

PV Name /dev/xvde1

VG Name

PV Size 300.00 GiB

Allocatable NO

PE Size 0

Total PE 0

Free PE 0

Allocated PE 0

PV UUID 08dOWh-3dFQ-rQ00-VTGi-h9S2-PbaJ-aQKYSe

[root@hkpgsadg dev]# vgcreate -s 8M datavg /dev/xvdb1 /dev/xvdc1 /dev/xvde1

Volume group "datavg" successfully created

[root@hkpgsadg dev]# vgdisplay

--- Volume group ---

VG Name datavg

System ID

Format lvm2

Metadata Areas 3

Metadata Sequence No 1

VG Access read/write

VG Status resizable

MAX LV 0

Cur LV 0

Open LV 0

Max PV 0

Cur PV 3

Act PV 3

VG Size 899.98 GiB

PE Size 8.00 MiB

Total PE 115197

Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0

Free PE / Size 115197 / 899.98 GiB

VG UUID fINMY5-wBKS-QBKi-N6QI-ihMD-YaVb-j90u0x

--- Volume group ---

VG Name VolGroup

System ID

Format lvm2

Metadata Areas 2

Metadata Sequence No 5

VG Access read/write

VG Status resizable

MAX LV 0

Cur LV 2

Open LV 2

Max PV 0

Cur PV 2

Act PV 2

VG Size 119.50 GiB

PE Size 4.00 MiB

Total PE 30593

Alloc PE / Size 30593 / 119.50 GiB

Free PE / Size 0 / 0

VG UUID RdDeWr-qxlF-f1To-zNng-nxCV-e1Hd-3xVZfH

[root@hkpgsadg dev]# vgdisplay

--- Volume group ---

VG Name datavg

System ID

Format lvm2

Metadata Areas 3

Metadata Sequence No 1

VG Access read/write

VG Status resizable

MAX LV 0

Cur LV 0

Open LV 0

Max PV 0

Cur PV 3

Act PV 3

VG Size 899.98 GiB

PE Size 8.00 MiB

Total PE 115197

Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0

Free PE / Size 115197 / 899.98 GiB

VG UUID fINMY5-wBKS-QBKi-N6QI-ihMD-YaVb-j90u0x

--- Volume group ---

VG Name VolGroup

System ID

Format lvm2

Metadata Areas 2

Metadata Sequence No 5

VG Access read/write

VG Status resizable

MAX LV 0

Cur LV 2

Open LV 2

Max PV 0

Cur PV 2

Act PV 2

VG Size 119.50 GiB

PE Size 4.00 MiB

Total PE 30593

Alloc PE / Size 30593 / 119.50 GiB

Free PE / Size 0 / 0

VG UUID RdDeWr-qxlF-f1To-zNng-nxCV-e1Hd-3xVZfH

[root@hkpgsadg dev]# vgdisplay datavg

--- Volume group ---

VG Name datavg

System ID

Format lvm2

Metadata Areas 3

Metadata Sequence No 1

VG Access read/write

VG Status resizable

MAX LV 0

Cur LV 0

Open LV 0

Max PV 0

Cur PV 3

Act PV 3

VG Size 899.98 GiB

PE Size 8.00 MiB

Total PE 115197

Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0

Free PE / Size 115197 / 899.98 GiB

VG UUID fINMY5-wBKS-QBKi-N6QI-ihMD-YaVb-j90u0x

[root@hkpgsadg dev]# lvcreate -L 890G -n lvdata datavg

Logical volume "lvdata" created

[root@hkpgsadg dev]# lvdisplay

--- Logical volume ---

LV Path /dev/datavg/lvdata

LV Name lvdata

VG Name datavg

LV UUID yFWfNu-E1cr-px49-K9tH-Q0vU-BjfL-yt8hWh

LV Write Access read/write

LV Creation host, time hkpgsadg, 2016-04-13 16:45:21 +0800

LV Status available

# open 0

LV Size 890.00 GiB

Current LE 113920

Segments 3

Allocation inherit

Read ahead sectors auto

- currently set to 256

Block device 253:2

--- Logical volume ---

LV Path /dev/VolGroup/lv_root

LV Name lv_root

VG Name VolGroup

LV UUID 4bM3bz-gttp-qKgr-sd9L-d24M-RMEb-LO4L4h

LV Write Access read/write

LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2014-07-07 18:28:07 +0800

LV Status available

# open 1

LV Size 115.58 GiB

Current LE 29589

Segments 2

Allocation inherit

Read ahead sectors auto

- currently set to 256

Block device 253:0

--- Logical volume ---

LV Path /dev/VolGroup/lv_swap

LV Name lv_swap

VG Name VolGroup

LV UUID Ic6bZU-mt6c-b0LK-1n7F-62Kc-16V1-TkcXBU

LV Write Access read/write

LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2014-07-07 18:28:11 +0800

LV Status available

# open 1

LV Size 3.92 GiB

Current LE 1004

Segments 1

Allocation inherit

Read ahead sectors auto

- currently set to 256

Block device 253:1

[root@hkpgsadg dev]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/datavg/lvdata

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

58327040 inodes, 233308160 blocks

11665408 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296

7120 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8192 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,

4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,

102400000, 214990848

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 32 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

[root@hkpgsadg dev]# mkdir /data

[root@hkpgsadg dev]# mount /dev/datavg/lvdata /data

[root@hkpgsadg dev]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root

114G 4.5G 104G 5% /

tmpfs 62G 0 62G 0% /dev/shm

/dev/xvda1 485M 32M 428M 7% /boot

/dev/mapper/datavg-lvdata

877G 200M 832G 1% /data

[root@hkpgsadg dev]#

[root@hkpgsadg data]# pvcreate /dev/xvdf1

Physical volume "/dev/xvdf1" successfully created

[root@hkpgsadg data]# vgextend datavg /dev/xvdf1

Volume group "datavg" successfully extended

[root@hkpgsadg data]# lvdisplay

--- Logical volume ---

LV Path /dev/datavg/lvdata

LV Name lvdata

VG Name datavg

LV UUID yFWfNu-E1cr-px49-K9tH-Q0vU-BjfL-yt8hWh

LV Write Access read/write

LV Creation host, time hkpgsadg, 2016-04-13 16:45:21 +0800

LV Status available

# open 1

LV Size 890.00 GiB

Current LE 113920

Segments 3

Allocation inherit

Read ahead sectors auto

- currently set to 256

Block device 253:2

[root@hkpgsadg data]# vgdisplay

--- Volume group ---

VG Name datavg

System ID

Format lvm2

Metadata Areas 4

Metadata Sequence No 3

VG Access read/write

VG Status resizable

MAX LV 0

Cur LV 1

Open LV 1

Max PV 0

Cur PV 4

Act PV 4

VG Size 1.17 TiB

PE Size 8.00 MiB

Total PE 153596

Alloc PE / Size 113920 / 890.00 GiB

Free PE / Size 39676 / 309.97 GiB

VG UUID fINMY5-wBKS-QBKi-N6QI-ihMD-YaVb-j90u0x

[root@hkpgsadg data]# lvextend -L +100G /dev/datavg/lvdata

Extending logical volume lvdata to 990.00 GiB

Logical volume lvdata successfully resized

[root@hkpgsadg data]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root

114G 4.5G 104G 5% /

tmpfs 62G 0 62G 0% /dev/shm

/dev/xvda1 485M 32M 428M 7% /boot

/dev/mapper/datavg-lvdata

877G 200M 832G 1% /data

[root@hkpgsadg data]# resize2fs /dev/datavg/lvdata

resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

Filesystem at /dev/datavg/lvdata is mounted on /data; on-line resizing required

old desc_blocks = 56, new_desc_blocks = 62

Performing an on-line resize of /dev/datavg/lvdata to 259522560 (4k) blocks.

The filesystem on /dev/datavg/lvdata is now 259522560 blocks long.

[root@hkpgsadg data]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root

114G 4.5G 104G 5% /

tmpfs 62G 0 62G 0% /dev/shm

/dev/xvda1 485M 32M 428M 7% /boot

/dev/mapper/datavg-lvdata

975G 200M 925G 1% /data

Created by Tony.Tang[TangYun]2016.04

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Linux LVM文件系统管理的创建和扩展

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