Mysql5.7.18版本（二进制包安装）自定义安装路径教程详解

安装路径：/application/mysql-5.7.18

1.前期准备

mysql依赖

libaio
yum install -y libaio

创建用户mysql，以该用户的身份执行mysql

useradd -s /bin/false -M mysql

下载mysql二进制包并解压

cd /tools
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
tar -zxf mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /application/

切换到/application目录，将mysql文件夹名改短,给mysql目录做一个软链接

cd /application/
mv mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/ mysql-5.7.18
ln -s mysql-5.7.18/ mysql

在mysql目录下创建mysql-files，该文件夹权限为750，递归设置mysql目录的所属组和所属用户

mkdir mysql/mysql-files
chmod 750 mysql/mysql-files
chown -R mysql:mysql mysql-5.7.18/

2.mysql目录内操作

cd mysql

初始化数据库

会在mysql目录内生成一个data目录，存放数据库的目录

bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data

返回结果最后一行的末尾有随机密码，我的记下来：wa0I:1w?V--a

2017-04-28T02:49:00.853710Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: wa0I:1w?V--a

想设置默认密码为空则将--initialize选项替换为--initialize-insecure选项

bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data

安装ssl

bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir /application/mysql/data/

指定data目录的路径

更改所属用户和组

chown -R root .
chown -R mysql data mysql-files

除了mysql目录下的data目录和mysql-files目录所属用户不变，其他所有文件的所属用户改为root

修改配置文件

sed -i 's/^datadir=\/var\/lib\/mysql/datadir=\/application\/mysql\/data/g' /etc/my.cnf
sed -i 's/^socket=\/var\/lib\/mysql\/mysql.sock/socket=\/tmp\/mysql.sock/g' /etc/my.cnf
sed -i 's/^log-error=\/var\/log\/mariadb\/mariadb.log/log-error=\/application\/mysql\/data\/err.log/g' /etc/my.cnf
sed -i 's/^pid-file=\/var\/run\/mariadb\/mariadb.pid/pid-file=\/application\/mysql\/data\/mysql.pid/g' /etc/my.cnf

等价于:

vi /etc/my.cnf
datadir=/application/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
log-error=/application/mysql/data/err.log
pid-file=/application/mysql/data/mysql.pid
/etc/my.cnf Content:
[mysqld]
datadir=/application/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/application/mysql/data/err.log
pid-file=/application/mysql/data/mysql.pid
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

拷贝启动程序

cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

将mysql的启动程序拷贝到/etc/init.d/目录下，以便启动程序

编辑启动文件，配置启动目录

方法一：

思路是给配置文件提供的变量进行赋值。较麻烦。

sed -i 's/^basedir=/basedir=\/application\/mysql/g' /etc/init.d/mysql
sed -i 's/^datadir=/datadir=\/application\/mysql\/data/g' /etc/init.d/mysql
sed -i 's/^mysqld_pid_file_path=/mysqld_pid_file_path=\/application\/mysql\/data\/mysql.pid/g' /etc/init.d/mysql

等价于将45、46两行

basedir=
datadir=
mysqld_pid_file_path=

替换成

basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/application/mysql/data
mysqld_pid_file_path=/application/mysql/data/mysql.pid

方法二（推荐）：

思路是将脚本的默认地址（/usr/local/mysql）直接替换成自定义路径（/application/mysql），便不用给变量赋值

sed -i 's#/usr/local/mysql#/application/mysql#g' /etc/init.d/mysql

到这里mysql安装完成可以正常启动

3.后期结尾

命令创建软链接

将mysql命令创建软链接到环境变量的目录，使用户可以在变量找到相应的命令

ln -s /application/mysql/bin/* /usr/local/sbin

登录mysql

[root@www mysql]# mysql -u root -p

Enter password: #输入之前保存的随机密码drRR0

...

mysql> #成功登陆到mysql控制台

修改密码sql语句

mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'NewPassWord';

#将密码修改为NewPassWord

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) #修改成功

键入quit或Ctrl + d退出

mysql> quit
Bye
[root@www mysql]#
or
mysql> ^DBye
[root@www mysql]#

4.常用命令

进入mysql

mysql -u root -p

启动mysql

service mysql start

停止mysql

service mysql stop

重启mysql

service mysql restart