Python for循环与__getitem__的关系记录
一个类里面如果由__iter__for循环就是找它取,没有的话就会找__getitem__
前面一笔看过没有留心具体的执行情况。
In [169]: class Foo: ...: def __getitem__(self, pos): ...: print(pos) ...: return range(10)[pos] ...:
In [172]: for i in f: ...: ... ...: ...: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
从代码可以看出,如果没有报错或者设置显式的条件,这个for循环会无线循环。
我现在设置一个显式的设置。
In [173]: class Foo: ...: def __getitem__(self, pos): ...: if pos >5: ...: raise StopIteration ...: print(pos) ...: return range(10)[pos] ...:
In [177]: for i in f: ...: ... ...: 0 1 2 3 4 5
将错误设置为IndexError也可以执行,但TypeError就不行了。
...: def __getitem__(self, pos): ...: if pos >5: ...: raise IndexError ...: print(pos) ...: return range(10)[pos] ...: In [182]: In [182]: f = Foo() In [183]: for i in f: ...: ... ...: 0 1 2 3 4 5
如果用list去运行这个参数会把返回的一个一个元素,装入列表当中:
In [184]: list(f) 0 1 2 3 4 5 Out[184]: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
只有__getitem__的类的实例是属于可迭代对象,但用isinstances测试collections.Iterable是不能通过的,书后面介绍可以通过iter函数来测试,如果没报错就说明是可迭代对象,然后生成一个没有__next__属性的迭代器。
In [185]: from collections import Iterable In [186]: isinstance(f, Iterable) Out[186]: False In [187]: iter(f) Out[187]: <iterator at 0x114f2be50>
dir(f) Out[189]: [‘__class__‘, ‘__delattr__‘, ‘__dict__‘, ‘__dir__‘, ‘__doc__‘, ‘__eq__‘, ‘__format__‘, ‘__ge__‘, ‘__getattribute__‘, ‘__getitem__‘, ‘__gt__‘, ‘__hash__‘, ‘__init__‘, ‘__init_subclass__‘, ‘__le__‘, ‘__lt__‘, ‘__module__‘, ‘__ne__‘, ‘__new__‘, ‘__reduce__‘, ‘__reduce_ex__‘, ‘__repr__‘, ‘__setattr__‘, ‘__sizeof__‘, ‘__str__‘, ‘__subclasshook__‘, ‘__weakref__‘]
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