Spring Security权限管理(源码) 杂谈

最近项目需要用到Spring Security的权限控制,故花了点时间简单的去看了一下其权限控制相关的源码(版本为4.2)。

AccessDecisionManager

spring security是通过AccessDecisionManager进行授权管理的,先来张官方图镇楼。

Spring Security权限管理(源码) 杂谈

AccessDecisionManager

AccessDecisionManager 接口定义了如下方法:

//调用AccessDecisionVoter进行投票(关键方法)
void decide(Authentication authentication, Object object,
        Collection<ConfigAttribute> configAttributes) throws AccessDeniedException,
        InsufficientAuthenticationException;

boolean supports(ConfigAttribute attribute);
boolean supports(Class clazz);

接下来看看它的实现类的具体实现:

AffirmativeBased

public void decide(Authentication authentication, Object object,
        Collection<ConfigAttribute> configAttributes) throws AccessDeniedException {
    int deny = 0;

    for (AccessDecisionVoter voter : getDecisionVoters()) {
        //调用AccessDecisionVoter进行vote(我们姑且称之为投票吧),后面再看vote的源码。
        int result = voter.vote(authentication, object, configAttributes);

        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("Voter: " + voter + ", returned: " + result);
        }

        switch (result) {
        case AccessDecisionVoter.ACCESS_GRANTED://值为1
            //只要有voter投票为ACCESS_GRANTED,则通过
            return;

        case AccessDecisionVoter.ACCESS_DENIED://值为-1
            deny++;

            break;

        default:
            break;
        }
    }

    if (deny > 0) {
        //如果有两个及以上AccessDecisionVoter(姑且称之为投票者吧)都投ACCESS_DENIED,则直接就不通过了
        throw new AccessDeniedException(messages.getMessage(
                "AbstractAccessDecisionManager.accessDenied", "Access is denied"));
    }

    // To get this far, every AccessDecisionVoter abstained
    checkAllowIfAllAbstainDecisions();
}

源码中,有个Collection configAttributes 参数,ConfigAttribute是什么? 这个其实是一个很灵活的东西,不同的情况代表不同的语义,比如在使用了角色控制的时候,传入的则可能是ROLE__XXX之类的,以便ROLE_VOTER使用。具体的后面在细说。

通过以上代码可直接看到AffirmativeBased的策略:

  • 只要有投通过(ACCESS_GRANTED)票,则直接判为通过。
  • 如果没有投通过票且反对(ACCESS_DENIED)票在两个及其以上的,则直接判为不通过。

UnanimousBased

public void decide(Authentication authentication, Object object,
        Collection<ConfigAttribute> attributes) throws AccessDeniedException {

    int grant = 0;
    int abstain = 0;

    List<ConfigAttribute> singleAttributeList = new ArrayList<ConfigAttribute>(1);
    singleAttributeList.add(null);

    for (ConfigAttribute attribute : attributes) {
        singleAttributeList.set(0, attribute);

        for (AccessDecisionVoter voter : getDecisionVoters()) {
            //配置的投票者进行投票
            int result = voter.vote(authentication, object, singleAttributeList);

            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug("Voter: " + voter + ", returned: " + result);
            }

            switch (result) {
            case AccessDecisionVoter.ACCESS_GRANTED:
                grant++;

                break;

            case AccessDecisionVoter.ACCESS_DENIED:
                //只要有投票者投反对票就立马判为无权访问
                throw new AccessDeniedException(messages.getMessage(
                        "AbstractAccessDecisionManager.accessDenied",
                        "Access is denied"));

            default:
                abstain++;

                break;
            }
        }
    }

    // To get this far, there were no deny votes
    if (grant > 0) {
        //如果没反对票且有通过票,那么就判为通过
        return;
    }

    // To get this far, every AccessDecisionVoter abstained
    checkAllowIfAllAbstainDecisions();
}

由此可见UnanimousBased的策略:

  • 无论多少投票者投了多少通过(ACCESS_GRANTED)票,只要有反对票(ACCESS_DENIED),那都判为不通过。
  • 如果没有反对票且有投票者投了通过票,那么就判为通过。

ConsensusBased

public void decide(Authentication authentication, Object object,
        Collection<ConfigAttribute> configAttributes) throws AccessDeniedException {
    int grant = 0;
    int deny = 0;
    int abstain = 0;

    for (AccessDecisionVoter voter : getDecisionVoters()) {
        //配置的投票者进行投票
        int result = voter.vote(authentication, object, configAttributes);

        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("Voter: " + voter + ", returned: " + result);
        }

        switch (result) {
        case AccessDecisionVoter.ACCESS_GRANTED:
            grant++;

            break;

        case AccessDecisionVoter.ACCESS_DENIED:
            deny++;

            break;

        default:
            abstain++;

            break;
        }
    }

    if (grant > deny) {
        //通过的票数大于反对的票数则判为通过
        return;
    }

    if (deny > grant) {
        //通过的票数小于反对的票数则判为不通过
        throw new AccessDeniedException(messages.getMessage(
                "AbstractAccessDecisionManager.accessDenied", "Access is denied"));
    }

    if ((grant == deny) && (grant != 0)) {
        //this.allowIfEqualGrantedDeniedDecisions默认为true
        //通过的票数和反对的票数相等,则可根据配置allowIfEqualGrantedDeniedDecisions进行判断是否通过
        if (this.allowIfEqualGrantedDeniedDecisions) {
            return;
        }
        else {
            throw new AccessDeniedException(messages.getMessage(
                    "AbstractAccessDecisionManager.accessDenied", "Access is denied"));
        }
    }

    // To get this far, every AccessDecisionVoter abstained
    checkAllowIfAllAbstainDecisions();
}

由此可见,ConsensusBased的策略:

  • 通过的票数大于反对的票数则判为通过。
  • 通过的票数小于反对的票数则判为不通过。
  • 通过的票数和反对的票数相等,则可根据配置allowIfEqualGrantedDeniedDecisions(默认为true)进行判断是否通过。

到此,应该明白AffirmativeBased、UnanimousBased、ConsensusBased三者的区别了吧,spring security默认使用的是AffirmativeBased, 如果有需要,可配置为其它两个,也可自己去实现。

##投票者
以上AccessDecisionManager的实现类都只是对权限(投票)进行管理(策略的实现),具体投票(vote)的逻辑是通过调用AccessDecisionVoter的子类(投票者)的vote方法实现的。spring security默认注册了RoleVoter和AuthenticatedVoter两个投票者。下面来看看其源码。

AccessDecisionManager

boolean supports(ConfigAttribute attribute);
boolean supports(Class<?> clazz);
//核心方法,此方法由上面介绍的的AccessDecisionManager调用,子类实现此方法进行投票。
int vote(Authentication authentication, S object,
        Collection<ConfigAttribute> attributes);

RoleVoter

private String rolePrefix = "ROLE_";

//只处理ROLE_开头的(可通过配置rolePrefix的值进行改变)
public boolean supports(ConfigAttribute attribute) {
    if ((attribute.getAttribute() != null)
            && attribute.getAttribute().startsWith(getRolePrefix())) {
        return true;
    }
    else {
        return false;
    }
}

public int vote(Authentication authentication, Object object,
        Collection<ConfigAttribute> attributes) {

    if(authentication == null) {
        //用户没通过认证,则投反对票
        return ACCESS_DENIED;
    }
    int result = ACCESS_ABSTAIN;
    //获取用户实际的权限
    Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities = extractAuthorities(authentication);

    for (ConfigAttribute attribute : attributes) {
        if (this.supports(attribute)) {
            result = ACCESS_DENIED;

            // Attempt to find a matching granted authority
            for (GrantedAuthority authority : authorities) {
                if (attribute.getAttribute().equals(authority.getAuthority())) {
                    //权限匹配则投通过票
                    return ACCESS_GRANTED;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    //如果处理过,但没投通过票,则为反对票,如果没处理过,那么视为弃权(ACCESS_ABSTAIN)。
    return result;
}

很简单吧,同时,我们还可以通过实现AccessDecisionManager来扩展自己的voter。但是,要实现这个,我们还必须得弄清楚一个东西,那就是Collection attributes这个参数是从哪儿来的,这个是个很关键的参数啊。通过一张官方图能很清晰的看出这个问题来:

Spring Security权限管理(源码) 杂谈

接下来,就看看AccessDecisionManager的调用者AbstractSecurityInterceptor。

AbstractSecurityInterceptor

...
//上面说过默认是AffirmativeBased,可配置
private AccessDecisionManager accessDecisionManager;
...
protected InterceptorStatusToken beforeInvocation(Object object) {
    ...
    //抽象方法,子类实现,但由此也可看出ConfigAttribute是由SecurityMetadataSource(实际上,默认是DefaultFilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource)获取。
    Collection<ConfigAttribute> attributes = this.obtainSecurityMetadataSource()
            .getAttributes(object);
    ...
    //获取当前认证过的用户信息
    Authentication authenticated = authenticateIfRequired();

    try {
        //调用AccessDecisionManager
        this.accessDecisionManager.decide(authenticated, object, attributes);
    }
    catch (AccessDeniedException accessDeniedException) {
        publishEvent(new AuthorizationFailureEvent(object, attributes, authenticated,
                accessDeniedException));

        throw accessDeniedException;
    }
    ...        
}

public abstract SecurityMetadataSource obtainSecurityMetadataSource();

以上方法都是由AbstractSecurityInterceptor的子类(默认是FilterSecurityInterceptor)调用,那就再看看吧:

FilterSecurityInterceptor

更多Spring Security相关教程见以下内容

Spring Security 的详细介绍:请点这里
Spring Security 的下载地址:请点这里 

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