Linux平台下的Oracle自动备份案例(使用RMAN)
环境：
操作系统：RHEL5.4
数据库：Oracle 10.2.0
相关变量值：
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
备份的数据库实例名：test
备份的目标目录：/backup_rman
实现过程如下：
第一步：准备目录
mkdir /backup_rman
chown oracle:oinstall /backup_rman
chmod 755 /backup_rman
第二步：备份脚本程序的编写
1、创建备份脚本
切换到oracle用户，在oracle家目录下面创建bin目录，新建文件rman_backup.sh
mkdir bin
cd bin
touch rman_backup.sh
chmod 755 rman_backup.sh
编辑rman_backup.sh文件，添加如下内容：
#!/bin/bash
source /home/oracle/.bash_profile
/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/rman target / nocatalog cmdfile=/home/oracle/bin/rman_cmd log=/backup_rman/rman_full_`date +%Y%m%d%H%M`.log
2、创建rman的备份脚本文件
cd ~/bin
touch rman_cmd
编辑rman_cmd文件添加如下内容(根据需要，可以进行适当的修改):
crosscheck archivelog all;
delete noprompt expired archivelog all;
run {
configure retention policy to recovery window of 4 days;
configure controlfile autobackup off;
allocate channel c1 device type disk format '/backup_rman/rman_full_%T_%U' maxpiecesize=3G;
allocate channel c2 device type disk format '/backup_rman/rman_full_%T_%U' maxpiecesize=3G;
allocate channel c3 device type disk format '/backup_rman/rman_full_%T_%U' maxpiecesize=3G;
backup database plus archivelog delete all input;
backup current controlfile format '/backup_rman/rman_%T_CTL_%U';
backup spfile format '/backup_rman/rman_%T_SPFILE_%U';
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
}
crosscheck backupset;
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt obsolete;
crosscheck archivelog all;
delete noprompt expired archivelog all;
第三步：添加crontab计划任务
使用oracle用户添加例行任务：
crontab -e
新打开的窗口中添加一下内容：
0 24 * * * /home/oracle/bin/rman_backup.sh
(*/3 * * * * /home/oracle/bin/rman_backup.sh)
注，括号内的可以是做测试的时候用的，每三分钟执行一次备份，例为每天凌晨24点执行备份
第四步：执行验证：
1、crontab成功执行验证：
在root下执行tail -f /var/log/cron，监控cron日志来确保crontab的成功执行：
Aug 31 00:20:06 model crontab[6380]: (oracle) BEGIN EDIT (oracle)
Aug 31 00:20:48 model crontab[6380]: (oracle) REPLACE (oracle)
Aug 31 00:20:48 model crontab[6380]: (oracle) END EDIT (oracle)
Aug 31 00:21:01 model crond[26958]: (oracle) RELOAD (cron/oracle)
Aug 31 00:21:01 model crond[6412]: (oracle) CMD (/home/oracle/bin/rman_backup.sh)
Aug 31 00:24:01 model crond[6621]: (oracle) CMD (/home/oracle/bin/rman_backup.sh)
2、查看rman是否执行，并且执行成功
a.可在rman执行的时候执行ps -ef | grep rman | grep -v grep来查看rman进程是否成功启动
b.查看/backup_rman目录中是否有备份生成的文件：
$ oracle@model /backup_rman> ls
rman_20120831_CTL_0mnjvu15_1_1 rman_full_20120831_0injvtrq_1_1
rman_20120831_CTL_0vnjvu57_1_1 rman_full_20120831_0jnjvtvs_1_1
rman_20120831_SPFILE_0nnjvu18_1_1 rman_full_20120831_0knjvu0c_1_1
rman_20120831_SPFILE_10njvu5a_1_1 rman_full_20120831_0lnjvu13_1_1
rman_full_201208310021.log rman_full_20120831_0onjvu1a_1_1
rman_full_201208310024.log rman_full_20120831_0pnjvu1e_1_1
rman_full_20120831_0dnjvtrg_1_1 rman_full_20120831_0qnjvu1e_1_1
rman_full_20120831_0enjvtrg_1_1 rman_full_20120831_0rnjvu1i_1_1
rman_full_20120831_0fnjvtrg_1_1 rman_full_20120831_0snjvu4s_1_1
rman_full_20120831_0gnjvtrp_1_1 rman_full_20120831_0tnjvu52_1_1
rman_full_20120831_0hnjvtrp_1_1 rman_full_20120831_0unjvu55_1_1
验证结果：rman自动备份任务执行成功！
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