Python——logging模块（日志模块）

按照格式形成相应的日志条目，写入到制定的目录中去。

特点：

• 配置一次，后续调用即可，（放到项目目录中的conf目录）
• 设置level级别时，要和最小写入级别相等。触发告警只能高或持平。

源代码书写方法：

import logging

file_handler = logging.FileHandler(‘a.txt‘,‘a‘,encoding=‘utf-8‘)   #日志存放路径
fmtl = logging.Formatter(fmt="%(asctime)s-%(name)s-%(levelname)s")  #存放格式
file_handler.setFormatter(fmtl)  #进行关联

logger = logging.Logger(‘日志对象名称，对应的name值‘,level=logging.ERROR) #设置日志接收等级

logger.addHandler(file_handler)  #logger与file_handler对应
logger.error(‘错误信息‘)

源码：报错信息等级：

CRITICAL = 50
FATAL = CRITICAL
ERROR = 40
WARNING = 30
WARN = WARNING
INFO = 20
DEBUG = 10
NOTSET = 0

源码：可以使用的fmt信息：

%(name)s            Name of the logger (logging channel)  #设置的名称
    %(levelno)s         Numeric logging level for the message (DEBUG, INFO,WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL)         #报错等级（显示数值）
    %(levelname)s       Text logging level for the message ("DEBUG", "INFO","WARNING", "ERROR", "CRITICAL")  #报错的等级（显示英文）
    %(pathname)s        Full pathname of the source file where the loggingcall was issued (if available)    #完成路径加文件名称
    %(filename)s        Filename portion of pathname         #文件名称
    %(module)s          Module (name portion of filename)    #路径
    %(lineno)d          Source line number where the logging call was issued(if available)   #触发日志行号
    %(funcName)s        Function name   #函数名称
    %(created)f         Time when the LogRecord was created (time.time()return value)  #以time.time形式出现
    %(asctime)s         Textual time when the LogRecord was created #创建时间
    %(msecs)d           Millisecond portion of the creation time     #毫秒显示
    %(relativeCreated)d Time in milliseconds when the LogRecord was created,relative to the time the logging module was loaded(typically at application startup time)
    %(thread)d          Thread ID (if available)      #线程ID
    %(threadName)s      Thread name (if available)    #线程名称
    %(process)d         Process ID (if available)      #内存ID
    %(message)s         The result of record.getMessage(), computed just asthe record is emitted  #接受的信息

常用版本：

import logging

file_handler = logging.FileHandler(filename=‘a.txt‘,mode=‘a‘,encoding=‘utf-8‘)
logging.basicConfig(
        format = "————————%(asctime)s-%(levelname)s————————",  #指定格式记录，下面指定了全部保存信息，所以这里不用将很多信息都收集。
        datefmt= ‘%Y-%m-%d %H-%M-%S‘,   #指定日期的格式，将毫秒去掉
        handlers=[file_handler,],
        level= logging.ERROR)   #设置接受的报错等级。

try:
    int(‘abc‘)
except Exception as e:
    logging.error(e,exc_info = True)    #这里的exc_info指保存全部保存信息，而不只是保存部分。

日志分割：

每隔一段时间生成一个日志文件，而不会是全部都在一个日志文件中。

import logging
from logging import handlers
file_handler = handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler(filename=‘a.txt‘,when=‘h‘,interval=1,encoding=‘utf-8‘)  #将报错文件每1小时创建一个新的文件。格式是：a.txt时间
logging.basicConfig(
        format = "————————%(asctime)s-%(levelname)s————————",
        datefmt= ‘%Y-%m-%d %H-%M-%S‘,
        handlers=[file_handler,],
        level= logging.ERROR)

时间间隔书写源码：

S - Seconds
M - Minutes
H - Hours
D - Days
midnight - roll over at midnight
W{0-6} - roll over on a certain day; 0 - Monday