配置Oracle Gateway 12连接到SQL Server 2014

最近的工作中需要基于Oracle连接到SQL Server 2014，我们可以通过配置Gateway的方式来实现这个功能。这个Gateway的实质是透过dblink来实现的。即把SQL Server模拟成一个远端的Oracle实例，这个实例由Gateway来负责进行接收，转发等等。本文简要描述其配置过程。

一、安装环境介绍

gateway: 12.1.0.2
Oracle db: 11.2.0.4 + RHEL6.3
Sqlserver: 2014 + Win2012

如果安装在已经安装Oracle相同的目录下，会收到如下提示，无法继续安装。
[INS-32025] The chosen installation conflicts with software already
installed the given Oracle home.

二、安装Oracle gateway

1、准备环境

$ unzip linuxamd64_12102_gateways.zip 
$ mkdir -p /u01/app/gateway
$ mkdir -p /u01/app/gateway/12.1
$ cp ~/.bash_profile ~/.bash_profile_gw
$ vim  ~/.bash_profile_gw    ###编辑新的bash_profile文件

$ more ~/.bash_profile_gw    ###编辑后如下
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

TMP=/tmp; export TMP
TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=wms.ycdata.net; export ORACLE_HOSTNAME
ORACLE_UNQNAME=dg4msql; export ORACLE_UNQNAME
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/gateway; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/12.1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=dg4msql; export ORACLE_SID

PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH

2、安装配置gateway

$ source ~/.bash_profile_gw
$ env |grep ORACLE
ORACLE_UNQNAME=dg4msql
ORACLE_SID=dg4msql
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/gateway
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=wms.ycdata.net
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/gateway/12.1

$ export DISPLAY=192.168.21.157:0.0
$ cd gateways/
$ ./runInstaller

选择for sql server
    Oracle Database Gateway for Microsoft SQL Server
    Oracle Database Gateway for ODBC (此项可以用于配置访问mysql)

输入sqlserver连接信息，也可以后续再配置文件initdg4msql.ora中修改    
192.168.21.157
1433
HQ1636
testdb

安装完毕后，会提示创建监听器，可以直接创建，也可以在安装完毕后再配置，本文是在安装完毕后，通过netmgr进行配置的。
在通过netmgr配置时，除了配置监听器地址和端口号之外，还需要配置其他服务项：
Program Name             dg4msql
SID                      dg4msql
Oracle Home Directory    /u01/app/gateway/12.1

与此同时，也可以通过netmgr配置tnsnames.ora
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
$ more listener.ora 
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/gateway/12.1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER_GW =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = wms.ycdata.net)(PORT = 1531))
  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER_GW =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (PROGRAM = dg4msql)
      (SID_NAME = dg4msql)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/gateway/12.1)
    )
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER_GW = /u01/app/gateway

###查看配置后的tnsnames.ora
$ more tnsnames.ora 
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/gateway/12.1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

DG4MSQL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = wms.ycdata.net)(PORT = 1531))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = dg4msql)
    )
  )

###安装完毕，在gateway相应目录下也有对应的配置样例，如下  
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dg4msql/admin
$ ls
dg4msql_cvw.sql  dg4msql_tx.sql  initdg4msql.ora  listener.ora.sample  tnsnames.ora.sample

###这个文件用于配置连接到sqlserver
$ more initdg4msql.ora
HS_FDS_CONNECT_INFO=[192.168.21.157]:1433//testdb
# alternate connect format is hostname/serverinstance/databasename
HS_FDS_TRACE_LEVEL=OFF
HS_FDS_RECOVERY_ACCOUNT=RECOVER
HS_FDS_RECOVERY_PWD=RECOVER

三、测试gateway

$ lsnrctl start LISTENER_GW

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on 08-JAN-2016 18:03:03

Copyright (c) 1991, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /u01/app/gateway/12.1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/gateway/12.1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/gateway/diag/tnslsnr/wms/listener_gw/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=wms.ycdata.net)(PORT=1531)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=wms.ycdata.net)(PORT=1531)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER_GW
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production
Start Date                08-JAN-2016 18:03:03
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec    --Author : Leshami
Trace Level               off                          --Blog   : http://blog.csdn.net/leshami 
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/gateway/12.1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/gateway/diag/tnslsnr/wms/listener_gw/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=wms.ycdata.net)(PORT=1531)))
Services Summary...
Service "dg4msql" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "dg4msql", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

$ tnsping DG4MSQL

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on 08-JAN-2016 18:29:51

Copyright (c) 1997, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:
/u01/app/gateway/12.1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = wms.ycdata.net)(PORT = 1531))) 
(CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = dg4msql)))
OK (0 msec)

$ sqlplus WMS_USER/xxx@WMSSERVER
SQL> show user;
USER is "WMS_USER"

SQL> create public database link mssql connect to robin identified by "xxx" using 'dg4msql';

SQL> select * from tt@dg4msql;
select * from tt@dg4msql
                            *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-28546: connection initialization failed, probable Net8 admin error
ORA-02063: preceding line from DG4MSQL

调整DG4MSQL配置，增加(HS=OK)项
DG4MSQL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = wms.ycdata.net)(PORT = 1531))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SID = dg4msql)
    )
     (HS=OK)
  )

###再次测试
SQL> select * from tt@dg4msql;

        id
----------
         1

四、简化管理

由于Oracle gateway安装时使用了不同的Oracle Home，因此在启动gateway监听时，需要切换环境变量。因此可以直接将gateway 下的监听器内容复制到Oracle Home下listener.ora文件中，同时也复制DG4MSQL至Oracle Home下的tnsnames.ora文件中，省去环境切换的麻烦。

五、更多参考

How to Configure DG4MSQL (Oracle Database Gateway for MS SQL Server) 64bit Unix OS (Linux, Solaris, AIX,HP-UX) post install (Doc ID 562509.1)
ORA-28500 SQLSTATE 8001 When I Select Via DG4MSQL (Doc ID 868672.1)

六、连接过程图(参考其他大湿)