Django处理文件上传File Uploads的实例
HttpRequest.FILES
表单上传的文件对象存储在类字典对象request.FILES中,表单格式需为multipart/form-data
<form enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post" action="/foo/"> <input type="file" name="image" />
request.FILES中的键来自于表单中的<input type="file" name="" />的name值:
img=request.FILES['image']
request.FILES中的值均为UploadedFile类文件对象。
UploadedFile
UploadedFile是类文件对象,具有以下方法和属性:
UploadedFile.read()
读取整个上传文件的数据,文件较大时慎用。
UploadedFile.multiple_chunks(chunk_size=None)
判断文件是否足够大,一般为2.5M
UploadedFile.chunks(chunk_size=None)
返回一个生成器对象,当multiple_chunks()为True时应该使用这个方法来代替read().
UploadedFile.name
上传文件的name。
UploadedFile.size
上传文件的大小。
UploadedFile.content_type
上传文件时的content_type报头,例如(e.g. text/plain or application/pdf).
UpladedFile.charset
编码
存储文件
想将上传的文件存储在本地时:
f=request.FILES['image'] with open('some/file/name.txt', 'wb+') as destination: for chunk in f.chunks(): destination.write(chunk)
使用Form处理上传文件
也可以使用django自带的form来处理上传文件。
先创建带FileFiled或者ImageFiled的Form:
# In forms.py... from django import forms class UploadFileForm(forms.Form): title = forms.CharField(max_length=50) file = forms.FileField()
用Form处理:
>>> f =UploadFileFormt(request.POST, request.FILES)
view函数:
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect from django.shortcuts import render_to_response from .forms import UploadFileForm def handle_uploaded_file(f): with open('some/file/name.txt', 'wb+') as destination: for chunk in f.chunks(): destination.write(chunk) def upload_file(request): if request.method == 'POST': form = UploadFileForm(request.POST, request.FILES) if form.is_valid(): handle_uploaded_file(request.FILES['file']) return HttpResponseRedirect('/success/url/') else: form = UploadFileForm() return render_to_response('upload.html', {'form': form})
使用Model处理上传文件
如果创建了一个带FileField或者ImageField域的Model,需要将上传文件存储到Model的FileFIeld域。
比如,使用nicEdit文本编辑器时,需要存储上传的文件,建立Model:
from django.db import models class NicEditImage(models.Model): image = models.ImageField(upload_to='nicedit/%Y/%m/%d')
创建ModelForm:
from django import forms class NicEditImageForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = NicEditImage
view:
def upload(request): if not request.user.is_authenticated(): json = simplejson.dumps({ 'success': False, 'errors': {'__all__': 'Authentication required'}}) return HttpResponse(json, mimetype='application/json') form = NicEditImageForm(request.POST or None, request.FILES or None) if form.is_valid(): image = form.save() #保存Form和Model json = simplejson.dumps({ 'success': True, 'upload': { 'links': { 'original': image.image.url}, 'image': { 'width': image.image.width, 'height': image.image.height} } }) else: json = simplejson.dumps({ 'success': False, 'errors': form.errors}) return HttpResponse(json, mimetype='application/json')
当然也可以手动存储文件到Model的文件域:
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect from django.shortcuts import render from .forms import UploadFileForm from .models import ModelWithFileField def upload_file(request): if request.method == 'POST': form = UploadFileForm(request.POST, request.FILES) if form.is_valid(): instance = ModelWithFileField(file_field=request.FILES['file']) #保存文件到FileField域 instance.save() return HttpResponseRedirect('/success/url/') else: form = UploadFileForm() return render(request, 'upload.html', {'form': form})
不使用Form处理
想获得更大自由度时,可以全手动处理。
from django.db import models class Car(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=255) price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2) photo = models.ImageField(upload_to='cars')
Model的FileField有以下属性:
>>> car = Car.objects.get(name="57 Chevy") >>> car.photo <ImageFieldFile: chevy.jpg> >>> car.photo.name u'cars/chevy.jpg' >>> car.photo.path u'/media/cars/chevy.jpg' >>> car.photo.url u'http://media.example.com/cars/chevy.jpg'
Model的FileField是一个File对象,除了具有File对象的各种方法外,还有一个额外的save()方法:
FieldFile.save(name, content, save=True)
name为存储名字,content为File或者File子类的实例
>>> car.photo.save('myphoto.jpg', content, save=False) >>> car.save()
类似于
>>> car.photo.save('myphoto.jpg', content, save=True)
手动存储:
from django.core.files.base import ContentFile photo=request.FILES.get('photo','') if photo: file_content = ContentFile(photo.read()) #创建File对象 car.photo.save(photo.name, file_content) #保存文件到car的photo域 car.save()