Flask基础
Flask简单使用
1、定义路由
@app.route(‘/‘)是装饰器,定义如下:
app.route(rule, options)
rule参数:是绑定URL与函数。
options参数:是可选参数。
2、run() 函数来让应用运行在本地服务器上。定义如下 :
app.run(host, port, debug, options)
host:服务器主机名,默认是127.0.0.1 (localhost),如果设置0.0.0.0可以在本机之外访问。
port:主机端口,默认是5000。
debug:调试模式,默认是false;如果设置true,服务器会在代码修改后自动重新载入。
options:可选参数。
from flask import Flask app=Flask(__name__) #创建1个Flask实例 @app.route(‘/‘) #路由系统生成 视图对应url,1. decorator=app.route() 2. decorator(first_flask) def first_flask(): #视图函数 return ‘Hello World‘ #response if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: app.run() #启动socket
实例登陆注册
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>登录</h1> <form method="post" novalidate> <!--<input type="text" name="name">--> <p>{{form.name.label}} {{form.name}} {{form.name.errors[0] }}</p> <!--<input type="password" name="pwd">--> <p>{{form.pwd.label}} {{form.pwd}} {{form.pwd.errors[0] }}</p> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form> </body> </html> login.html
login.html
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect from wtforms import Form from wtforms.fields import core from wtforms.fields import html5 from wtforms.fields import simple from wtforms import validators from wtforms import widgets app=Flask(__name__,template_folder=‘templates‘) #知道模板文件 app.debug=True #登录验证实例 class LoginForm(Form): #不同的字段 内部包含正则表达式 html5.EmailField | html5.DateTimeField... name=simple.StringField( label=‘用户名‘, validators=[ #验证规则和错误提示信息 validators.DataRequired(message=‘用户名不能为空.‘), validators.Length(min=6, max=18, message=‘用户名长度必须大于%(min)d且小于%(max)d‘) ], widget=widgets.TextInput(), #前端页面显示的插件.TextArea render_kw={‘class‘: ‘form-control‘} #设置form标签的class信息 ) # 不同的字段 内部包含正则表达式 html5.EmailField | html5.DateTimeField... pwd = simple.PasswordField( label=‘密码‘, validators=[ validators.DataRequired(message=‘密码不能为空.‘), validators.Length(min=8, message=‘用户名长度必须大于%(min)d‘), #自定义验证规则 validators.Regexp(regex="^(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z])(?=.*\d)(?=.*[$!%*?&])[A-Za-z\$!%*?&]{8,}", message=‘密码至少8个字符,至少1个大写字母,1个小写字母,1个数字和1个特殊字符‘) ], widget=widgets.PasswordInput(), render_kw={‘class‘: ‘form-control‘} ) @app.route(‘/login/‘, methods=[‘GET‘, ‘POST‘]) def login(): if request.method == ‘GET‘: form = LoginForm() #实例化 form验证类 return render_template(‘login.html‘, form=form) else: form = LoginForm(formdata=request.form) if form.validate(): #判断是否验证成功? print(‘用户提交数据通过格式验证,提交的值为:‘, form.data) else: print(form.errors) return render_template(‘login.html‘, form=form) if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: app.run()
app01.py
用户注册页面
#用户注册 from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect from wtforms import Form from wtforms.fields import core from wtforms.fields import html5 from wtforms.fields import simple from wtforms import validators from wtforms import widgets app = Flask(__name__, template_folder=‘templates‘) app.debug = True class RegisterForm(Form): name = simple.StringField( label=‘用户名‘, validators=[ validators.DataRequired() ], widget=widgets.TextInput(), render_kw={‘class‘: ‘form-control‘}, default=‘张根‘ #设置input标签中默认值 ) pwd = simple.PasswordField( label=‘密码‘, validators=[ validators.DataRequired(message=‘密码不能为空.‘) ], widget=widgets.PasswordInput(), render_kw={‘class‘: ‘form-control‘} ) pwd_confirm = simple.PasswordField( #第二次输入密码 label=‘重复密码‘, validators=[ validators.DataRequired(message=‘重复密码不能为空.‘), validators.EqualTo(‘pwd‘, message="两次密码输入不一致") #验证2次输入的密码是否一致? ], widget=widgets.PasswordInput(), render_kw={‘class‘: ‘form-control‘} ) email = html5.EmailField( label=‘邮箱‘, validators=[ validators.DataRequired(message=‘邮箱不能为空.‘), validators.Email(message=‘邮箱格式错误‘) ], widget=widgets.TextInput(input_type=‘email‘), #生成email input标签 render_kw={‘class‘: ‘form-control‘} ) gender = core.RadioField( label=‘性别‘, choices=( #choice radio选项 (1, ‘男‘), (2, ‘女‘), ), coerce=int #讲用户提交过来的 ‘4‘ 强制转成 int 4 ) city = core.SelectField( label=‘城市‘, choices=( (‘bj‘, ‘北京‘), (‘sh‘, ‘上海‘), ) ) hobby = core.SelectMultipleField( #select 下拉框多选框 label=‘爱好‘, choices=( (1, ‘篮球‘), (2, ‘足球‘), ), coerce=int ) favor = core.SelectMultipleField( label=‘喜好‘, choices=( (1, ‘篮球‘), (2, ‘足球‘), ), widget=widgets.ListWidget(prefix_label=False), #生成Checkbox 多选框 option_widget=widgets.CheckboxInput(), coerce=int, default=[1, 2] ) def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): #重写form验证类的__init__方法可以实时同步数据中数据 super(RegisterForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.favor.choices = ((1, ‘篮球‘), (2, ‘足球‘), (3, ‘羽毛球‘)) def validate_pwd_confirm(self, field): #wtforms验证 钩子函数 """ 自定义pwd_confirm字段规则,例:与pwd字段是否一致 :param field: :return: """ # 最开始初始化时,self.data中已经有所有的值 if field.data != self.data[‘pwd‘]: # raise validators.ValidationError("密码不一致") # 继续后续验证 raise validators.StopValidation("密码不一致") # 不再继续后续验证 @app.route(‘/register/‘, methods=[‘GET‘, ‘POST‘]) def register(): if request.method == ‘GET‘: form = RegisterForm(data={‘gender‘: 1}) #默认值 return render_template(‘register.html‘, form=form) else: form = RegisterForm(formdata=request.form) if form.validate(): print(‘用户提交数据通过格式验证,提交的值为:‘, form.data) else: print(form.errors) return render_template(‘register.html‘, form=form) if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: app.run() app02.py
app02.py
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>用户注册</h1> <form method="post" novalidate style="padding:0 50px"> {% for item in form %} <p>{{item.label}}: {{item}} {{item.errors[0] }}</p> {% endfor %} <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form> </body> </html> register.html
register.html