cpanm安装及Perl模块安装教程

cpanm是安装Perl模块的最方便的方法。自动下载安装依赖包。使用CPAN shell或下载源码包安装模块，遇到大量依赖关系，非常头痛。下面就是一例：

安装MongoDB模块

代码如下：

# perl Makefile.PL 

Warning: prerequisite Class::Method::Modifiers 0 not found.

Warning: prerequisite Data::Types 0 not found.

Warning: prerequisite DateTime 0 not found.

Warning: prerequisite DateTime::Tiny 0 not found.

Warning: prerequisite ExtUtils::MakeMaker 6.59 not found. We have 6.30.

Warning: prerequisite File::Slurp 0 not found.

Warning: prerequisite File::Temp 0.17 not found. We have 0.16.

Warning: prerequisite JSON 0 not found.

Warning: prerequisite Moose 0 not found.

Warning: prerequisite Test::Exception 0 not found.

Warning: prerequisite Test::Warn 0 not found.

Warning: prerequisite Tie::IxHash 0 not found.

Warning: prerequisite Try::Tiny 0 not found.

Warning: prerequisite boolean 0 not found.

Writing Makefile for MongoDB

1. 安装cpanm

cpanm其实是一个可执行文件而已。将它下载到bin目录，然后添加执行权限就可以了。

代码如下：

# wget http:

//xrl.us/cpanm -O /usr/bin/cpanm; chmod +x /usr/bin/cpanm

2. 使用cpanm安装模块

代码如下：

# cpanm -h

  -v,--verbose              Turns on chatty output

  -q,--quiet                Turns off the most output

  --interactive             开启交互配置(required for Task:: modules)

  -f,--force                强制安装

  -n,--notest               Do not run unit tests

  --test-only               只测试不安装

  -S,--sudo                 sudo to run install commands

  --installdeps             只安装依赖模块

  --showdeps                只显示依赖信息

  --reinstall               重新安装

  --mirror                  指定镜像url (e.g. http://cpan.cpantesters.org/)

  --mirror-only             只从镜像下载

  --prompt                  Prompt when configure/build/test fails

  -l,--local-lib            Specify the install base to install modules

  -L,--local-lib-contained  Specify the install base to install all non-core modules

  --self-contained          Install all non-core modules, even if they're already installed.

  --auto-cleanup            Number of days that cpanm's work directories expire in. Defaults to 7

  Examples:

  cpanm Test::More                                          # install Test::More

  cpanm MIYAGAWA/Plack-0.99_05.tar.gz                       # full distribution path

  cpanm http://example.org/LDS/CGI.pm-3.20.tar.gz           # install from URL

  cpanm ~/dists/MyCompany-Enterprise-1.00.tar.gz            # install from a local file

  cpanm --interactive Task::Kensho                          # Configure interactively

  cpanm .                                                   # install from local directory

  cpanm --installdeps .                                     # install all the deps for the current directory

  cpanm -L extlib Plack                                     # install Plack and all non-core deps into extlib

  cpanm --mirror http://cpan.cpantesters.org/ DBI           # use the fast-syncing mirror

参数名直接为模块名称

如，安装MongoDB模块

代码如下：

# cpanm MongoDB

--> Working on MongoDB

Fetching http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/F/FR/FRIEDO/MongoDB-0.702.0.tar.gz ... OK

Configuring MongoDB-0.702.0 ... OK

==> Found dependencies: DateTime, Tie::IxHash, Data::Types, DateTime::Tiny, Class::Method::Modifiers, boolean, Moose, File::Slurp, Try::Tiny, Test::Exception, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, Test::Warn, File::Temp, JSON

--> Working on DateTime

......  //自动解决依赖模块

为了加快下载速度, 可以指定使用镜像,并只从镜像下载:

代码如下：

# cpanm --mirror http:

//mirrors.163.com/cpan --mirror-only MongoDB

3. 删除模块

安装App::pmuninstall模块：

代码如下：

# cpanm App::pmuninstall

4.删除模块

代码如下：

# pm-uninstall MongoDB