logback 介绍及配置使用方法

新项目日志管理统一用logback，由于之前一直在用log4j，所以其实对logback这个由log4j长出来的家伙还不算陌生。

首先介绍下logback的前世今生。

slf4j由log4j作者Ceki开发，逐步取代apahce commons logging。

logback由log4j作者Ceki开发，逐步取代log4j。

slf4j等于commons-logging，是各种日志实现的通用入口，会根据classpath中存在下面哪一个Jar来决定具体的日志实现库。

logback相比较log4j的优势

slf4j支持参数化的logger.error("帐号ID：{}不存在", userId);

告别了if(logger.isDebugEnable()) 时代。

另外logback的整体性能比log4j也较佳，hibernate等项目已经采用了slf4j。

slf4j和logback的使用

1.如果日志的参数超过3个，需要写成

Object[] params = {newVal, below, above};   

logger.debug("Value {} was inserted between {} and {}.", params);  

Object[] params = {newVal, below, above};
logger.debug("Value {} was inserted between {} and {}.", params);

2.因为内部已优化，作者认为slf4j的logger不需要定义为static。

3.可设置缓存后批量写日志文件(但服务器如果重启，可能会丢失未写到磁盘的记录)

4.MDC，用Filter，将当前用户名等业务信息放入MDC中，在日志format定义中即可使用该变量。

5.JMS Appender用于告警, DB Appender用于业务日志等可以使用插件，如生成Log代码的Eclipse插件Log4E。

6.tomcat和glassfish中，设定日志路径为../logs/xxxx.log 都能将日志放入应用服务器本身的logs目录。

最后把最近完善的一个logback.xml贴上，毕竟实际项目中的文件最能说明问题。

Xml代码  

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
2.   
3. <configuration>  
4.     <substitutionProperty name="log.base" value="d:\\logback\\logback" />  
5.     <jmxConfigurator />  
6.     <appender name="stdout" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">  
7.         <filter class="ch.qos.logback.core.filter.EvaluatorFilter">  
8.             <evaluator name="myEval">  
9.                 <expression>message.contains("dao")</expression>  
10.             </evaluator>  
11.             <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>  
12.             <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>  
13.         </filter>  
14.         <layout class="ch.qos.logback.classic.PatternLayout">  
15.             <pattern>%date [%thread] %-5level %logger{80} - %msg%n</pattern>  
16.         </layout>  
17.     </appender>  
18.     <appender name="logfile-dao"  
19.         class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">  
20.         <filter class="ch.qos.logback.core.filter.EvaluatorFilter">  
21.             <evaluator name="myEval_dao">  
22.                 <expression>message.contains("dao")</expression>  
23.             </evaluator>  
24.             <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>  
25.             <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>  
26.         </filter>  
27.         <Encoding>UTF-8</Encoding>  
28.         <File>${log.base}_dao.log</File>  
29.         <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">  
30.             <FileNamePattern>${log.base}.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}_dao.log.zip   
31.             </FileNamePattern>  
32.         </rollingPolicy>  
33.         <layout class="ch.qos.logback.classic.PatternLayout">  
34.             <pattern>%date [%thread] %-5level %logger{80} - %msg%n</pattern>  
35.         </layout>  
36.     </appender>  
37.     <appender name="logfile-service"  
38.         class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">  
39.         <filter class="ch.qos.logback.core.filter.EvaluatorFilter">  
40.             <evaluator name="myEval_service">  
41.                 <expression>message.contains("service.impl")</expression>  
42.             </evaluator>  
43.             <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>  
44.             <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>  
45.         </filter>  
46.         <Encoding>UTF-8</Encoding>  
47.         <File>${log.base}_service.log</File>  
48.         <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">  
49.             <FileNamePattern>${log.base}.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}_service.log.zip   
50.             </FileNamePattern>  
51.         </rollingPolicy>  
52.         <layout class="ch.qos.logback.classic.PatternLayout">  
53.             <pattern>%date [%thread] %-5level %logger{80} - %msg%n</pattern>  
54.         </layout>  
55.     </appender>  
56.     <appender name="jms_dao" class="ch.qos.logback.classic.net.JMSQueueAppender">  
57.         <InitialContextFactoryName>  
58.             org.apache.activemq.jndi.ActiveMQInitialContextFactory   
59.         </InitialContextFactoryName>  
60.         <ProviderURL>tcp://192.168.1.120:61616</ProviderURL>  
61.         <filter class="ch.qos.logback.core.filter.EvaluatorFilter">  
62.             <evaluator name="myEval_service">  
63.                 <expression>message.contains("dao")</expression>  
64.             </evaluator>  
65.             <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>  
66.             <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>  
67.         </filter>  
68.         <QueueConnectionFactoryBindingName>ConnectionFactory   
69.         </QueueConnectionFactoryBindingName>  
70.         <QueueBindingName>cms_dao_log</QueueBindingName>  
71.     </appender>  
72.     <appender name="jms_service" class="ch.qos.logback.classic.net.JMSQueueAppender">  
73.         <InitialContextFactoryName>  
74.             org.apache.activemq.jndi.ActiveMQInitialContextFactory   
75.         </InitialContextFactoryName>  
76.         <ProviderURL>tcp://192.168.1.120:61616</ProviderURL>  
77.         <filter class="ch.qos.logback.core.filter.EvaluatorFilter">  
78.             <evaluator name="myEval_service">  
79.                 <expression>message.contains("service.impl")</expression>  
80.             </evaluator>  
81.             <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>  
82.             <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>  
83.         </filter>  
84.         <QueueConnectionFactoryBindingName>ConnectionFactory   
85.         </QueueConnectionFactoryBindingName>  
86.         <QueueBindingName>cms_service_log</QueueBindingName>  
87.     </appender>  
88.     <logger name="com.cms5.cmsservice.jms">  
89.         <level value="DEBUG" />  
90.     </logger>  
91.     <logger name="java.sql.PreparedStatement">  
92.         <level value="DEBUG" />  
93.     </logger>  
94.     <logger name="java.sql.Connection">  
95.         <level value="DEBUG" />  
96.     </logger>  
97.     <logger name="java.sql.Statement">  
98.         <level value="DEBUG" />  
99.     </logger>  
100.     <logger name="com.ibatis">  
101.         <level value="DEBUG" />  
102.     </logger>  
103.     <logger name="com.ibatis.common.jdbc.SimpleDataSource">  
104.         <level value="DEBUG" />  
105.     </logger>  
106.     <logger name="com.ibatis.common.jdbc.ScriptRunner">  
107.         <level value="DEBUG" />  
108.     </logger>  
109.     <logger name="com.ibatis.sqlmap.engine.impl.SqlMapClientDelegate">  
110.         <level value="DEBUG" />  
111.     </logger>  
112.     <logger name="com.danga.MemCached">  
113.         <level value="INFO" />  
114.     </logger>  
115.     <logger name="org.springframework.test">  
116.         <level value="DEBUG" />  
117.     </logger>  
118.     <logger name="org.apache.struts2">  
119.         <level value="DEBUG" />  
120.     </logger>  
121.     <root>  
122.         <level value="INFO" />  
123.         <!--<appender-ref ref="stdout" />  
124.         -->  
125.         <appender-ref ref="logfile-dao" />  
126.         <appender-ref ref="logfile-service" />  
127.         <appender-ref ref="jms_dao" />  
128.         <appender-ref ref="jms_service" />  
129.     </root>  
130. </configuration>  

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<configuration>
	<substitutionProperty name="log.base" value="d:\\logback\\logback" />
	<jmxConfigurator />
	<appender name="stdout" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
		<filter class="ch.qos.logback.core.filter.EvaluatorFilter">
			<evaluator name="myEval">
				<expression>message.contains("dao")</expression>
			</evaluator>
			<onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
			<onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
		</filter>
		<layout class="ch.qos.logback.classic.PatternLayout">
			<pattern>%date [%thread] %-5level %logger{80} - %msg%n</pattern>
		</layout>
	</appender>
	<appender name="logfile-dao"
		class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
		<filter class="ch.qos.logback.core.filter.EvaluatorFilter">
			<evaluator name="myEval_dao">
				<expression>message.contains("dao")</expression>
			</evaluator>
			<onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
			<onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
		</filter>
		<Encoding>UTF-8</Encoding>
		<File>${log.base}_dao.log</File>
		<rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
			<FileNamePattern>${log.base}.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}_dao.log.zip
			</FileNamePattern>
		</rollingPolicy>
		<layout class="ch.qos.logback.classic.PatternLayout">
			<pattern>%date [%thread] %-5level %logger{80} - %msg%n</pattern>
		</layout>
	</appender>
	<appender name="logfile-service"
		class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
		<filter class="ch.qos.logback.core.filter.EvaluatorFilter">
			<evaluator name="myEval_service">
				<expression>message.contains("service.impl")</expression>
			</evaluator>
			<onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
			<onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
		</filter>
		<Encoding>UTF-8</Encoding>
		<File>${log.base}_service.log</File>
		<rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
			<FileNamePattern>${log.base}.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}_service.log.zip
			</FileNamePattern>
		</rollingPolicy>
		<layout class="ch.qos.logback.classic.PatternLayout">
			<pattern>%date [%thread] %-5level %logger{80} - %msg%n</pattern>
		</layout>
	</appender>
	<appender name="jms_dao" class="ch.qos.logback.classic.net.JMSQueueAppender">
		<InitialContextFactoryName>
			org.apache.activemq.jndi.ActiveMQInitialContextFactory
		</InitialContextFactoryName>
		<ProviderURL>tcp://192.168.1.120:61616</ProviderURL>
		<filter class="ch.qos.logback.core.filter.EvaluatorFilter">
			<evaluator name="myEval_service">
				<expression>message.contains("dao")</expression>
			</evaluator>
			<onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
			<onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
		</filter>
		<QueueConnectionFactoryBindingName>ConnectionFactory
		</QueueConnectionFactoryBindingName>
		<QueueBindingName>cms_dao_log</QueueBindingName>
	</appender>
	<appender name="jms_service" class="ch.qos.logback.classic.net.JMSQueueAppender">
		<InitialContextFactoryName>
			org.apache.activemq.jndi.ActiveMQInitialContextFactory
		</InitialContextFactoryName>
		<ProviderURL>tcp://192.168.1.120:61616</ProviderURL>
		<filter class="ch.qos.logback.core.filter.EvaluatorFilter">
			<evaluator name="myEval_service">
				<expression>message.contains("service.impl")</expression>
			</evaluator>
			<onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
			<onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
		</filter>
		<QueueConnectionFactoryBindingName>ConnectionFactory
		</QueueConnectionFactoryBindingName>
		<QueueBindingName>cms_service_log</QueueBindingName>
	</appender>
	<logger name="com.cms5.cmsservice.jms">
		<level value="DEBUG" />
	</logger>
	<logger name="java.sql.PreparedStatement">
		<level value="DEBUG" />
	</logger>
	<logger name="java.sql.Connection">
		<level value="DEBUG" />
	</logger>
	<logger name="java.sql.Statement">
		<level value="DEBUG" />
	</logger>
	<logger name="com.ibatis">
		<level value="DEBUG" />
	</logger>
	<logger name="com.ibatis.common.jdbc.SimpleDataSource">
		<level value="DEBUG" />
	</logger>
	<logger name="com.ibatis.common.jdbc.ScriptRunner">
		<level value="DEBUG" />
	</logger>
	<logger name="com.ibatis.sqlmap.engine.impl.SqlMapClientDelegate">
		<level value="DEBUG" />
	</logger>
	<logger name="com.danga.MemCached">
		<level value="INFO" />
	</logger>
	<logger name="org.springframework.test">
		<level value="DEBUG" />
	</logger>
	<logger name="org.apache.struts2">
		<level value="DEBUG" />
	</logger>
	<root>
		<level value="INFO" />
		<!--<appender-ref ref="stdout" />
		-->
		<appender-ref ref="logfile-dao" />
		<appender-ref ref="logfile-service" />
		<appender-ref ref="jms_dao" />
		<appender-ref ref="jms_service" />
	</root>
</configuration>

就先不做说明了，里面的配置还是比较明确的，关于jmsappender那部分，之前也做过简单说明。