Python学习第七课——集合(set) 和 字符串拼接
集合(set)
# 2 无序 # 3 集合中元素必须是不可变类型 # 定义集合 s = {1,2,3,4,5} print(s) # 输出结果 {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} # 1 集合由不同元素组成 s1 = {1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5,5,5} print(s1) # 输出结果 {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} s2=set("hello") # 定义集合方法2 print(s2) # 输出结果 {‘o‘, ‘e‘, ‘h‘, ‘l‘}
set中的一些常用方法(add,clear,copy,pop,remove,update)
s = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} s.add(7) # 增加元素 print(s) # 输出结果 {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7} s1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} s1.clear() # 清空 print(s1) # 输出结果 set() s2 = s.copy() # 复制一份 print(s2) # 输出结果 {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7} s3 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} s3.pop() # 随机删除 print(s3) # 输出结果 {2, 3, 4, 5} s4 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} s4.remove(3) # 指定删除 print(s4) # 输出结果 {1, 2, 4, 5}
s1={1,2,3} s2={2,3,4} s1.add(4) # 添加 一个元素 print(s1) s1.update(s2) # 可以添加多个元素 s1.update((7,8)) # 也可以传元组 print(s1) # 输入结果 {1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8}
集合(交,差,并)
python_1 = [‘hanhan‘, ‘meimei‘, ‘haohao‘] linux_1 = [‘hanhan‘, ‘meimei‘] # 求这两个列表的交集 p_s = set(python_1) # 创建集合 l_s = set(linux_1) # 创建集合 print(p_s.intersection(l_s)) # 输出结果 {‘hanhan‘, ‘meimei‘} print(p_s & l_s) # 输出结果 {‘hanhan‘, ‘meimei‘} # 求两个列表的并集 print(p_s.union(l_s)) # 输出结果 {‘meimei‘, ‘hanhan‘, ‘haohao‘} print(p_s | l_s) # 输出结果 {‘meimei‘, ‘hanhan‘, ‘haohao‘} # 求差集 差集:两个集合相差的元素 print(p_s.difference(l_s)) # 输出结果 {‘haohao‘} print(p_s - l_s) # 输出结果 {‘haohao‘} print(l_s.difference(p_s)) # 输出结果 set() print(l_s - p_s) # 输出结果 set() # 交叉补集 print(p_s.symmetric_difference(l_s)) # 输出结果 {‘haohao‘} print(p_s^l_s) # 输出结果 {‘haohao‘}
字符串格式化
# 字符串格式化 msg=‘i am hanhan‘+‘ my hobby is coding‘ # 此方法容易占空间 不太好 print(msg) # 输出结果 i am hanhan my hobby is coding msg1=‘i am %s my hobby is coding‘ % (‘hanhan‘) # % 更实用 print(msg1) # 输出结果 i am hanhan my hobby is coding msg2=‘i am %s my hobby is %s and i am %d yeas old‘ % (‘hanhan‘,‘coding‘,23) # % 更实用 print(msg2) # 输出结果 i am hanhan my hobby is coding and i am 23 yeas old msg4=‘percent %.2s‘ % 99.987456456456 # %.2s 就是后面字符串的简单截取 print(msg4) # 输出结果 99 msg5=‘percent %.3s‘ % 99.987456456456 # %.3s 就是后面字符串的简单截取 print(msg5) # 输出结果 99. msg6=‘percent %.4s‘ % 99.987456456456 # %.4s 就是后面字符串的简单截取 print(msg6) # 输出结果 99.9 msg3=‘percent %.2f‘ % 99.987456456456 # .2就是小数点后面保留两位有效数字 print(msg3) # 输出结果 percent 99.99 # 打印百分比 msg7=‘percent: %.2f %%‘ % 99.987456456456 print(msg7) # percent: 99.99 % # 以字典的形式来完成输入 msg8=‘i am %(name)s and i am %(age)d yeas old‘ %{‘name‘:‘hanhan‘,‘age‘:23} print(msg8) # 输出结果 i am hanhan and i am 23 yeas old # 也可以加上颜色和距离 msg9=‘i am %(name)+30s and i am %(age)d yeas old‘ %{‘name‘:‘hanhan‘,‘age‘:23} print(msg9) # 输出结果 i am hanhan and i am 23 yeas old print(‘ip‘,‘107‘,‘111‘,‘23‘,‘51‘,sep=‘:‘) # 输出结果 ip:107:111:23:51
format用法
msg = ‘i am {} i am {} yeas old my hobby is {}‘.format(‘hanhan‘, 23, ‘coding‘) # 如果{} 中没有索引,则将一一对应后面的值,如果对应不了则报错 print(msg) # 输出结果 i am hanhan i am 23 yeas old my hobby is coding msg1 = ‘i am {0} i am {1} yeas old my hobby is {2}‘.format(‘hanhan‘, 23, ‘coding‘) # format 将会按照前面{}中的索引来传值 print(msg1) # 输出结果 i am hanhan i am 23 yeas old my hobby is coding msg2 = ‘i am {0} i am {0} yeas old my hobby is {0}‘.format(‘hanhan‘, 23, ‘coding‘) print(msg2) # 输出结果 i am hanhan i am hanhan yeas old my hobby is hanhan # 也可以按照对象名字来传值 msg3 = ‘i am {name} i am {age} yeas old my hobby is {hobby}‘.format(name=‘hanhan‘, age=23, hobby=‘coding‘) print(msg3) # 输出结果 i am hanhan i am 23 yeas old my hobby is coding # 也可以按照列表来传值 msg4 = ‘i am {0[0]} i am {1[1]} yeas old my hobby is {0[2]}‘.format([‘hanhan‘, 80, ‘coding‘], [11, 23, 25]) print(msg4) # 输出结果 i am hanhan i am 23 yeas old my hobby is coding l=[‘hanhan‘,18,‘coding‘] # 如果需要动态传入列表 必须加上* msg5 = ‘i am {:s} i am {:d} yeas old my hobby is {:s}‘.format(*l) print(msg5) # 输出结果 i am hanhan i am 18 yeas old my hobby is coding msg6 = ‘number:{:b},{:o},{:d},{:x},{:X},{:%}‘.format(15,15,15,15,15,15) print(msg6) # 输出结果 number:1111,17,15,f,F,1500.000000%
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