18、spring cloud如何使用spring-test进行单元测试
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上篇和大家学习了spring cloud 如何整合reids，在测试时借用了web形式的restful接口进行的。那还有没有别的方式可以对spring boot和spring cloud编写的代码进行单元测试呢？答案：肯定是有的。这篇讲解一下如何使用?spring-boot-starter-test进行单元测试
1、新建项目sc-test，对应的pom.xml文件如下
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>spring-cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>sc-test</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>sc-test</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Finchley.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-pool2</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency> -->
</dependencies>
</project>说明：只要使用spring-boot-starter-test即可，该jar已经包含spring-boot-test
2、新建spring boot启动类
package sc.test;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class TestApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(TestApplication.class, args);
}
}备注：如果没有该类，spring-test启动将报错，见下图
3、新建操作redis的配置类
package sc.test.config;
import java.io.Serializable;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigureAfter;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.lettuce.LettuceConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer;
@Configuration
@AutoConfigureAfter(RedisAutoConfiguration.class)
public class RedisCacheAutoConfiguration {
@Bean
public RedisTemplate<String, Serializable> redisCacheTemplate(LettuceConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {
RedisTemplate<String, Serializable> template = new RedisTemplate<>();
//键的序列化方式
template.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
//值的序列化方式
template.setValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer());
template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
return template;
}
}4、新建配置文件application.yml
server:
port: 9005
spring:
application:
name: sc-redis
redis:
host: 127.0.0.1
password:
port: 6379
timeout: 10000 # 连接超时时间（毫秒）
database: 0 # Redis默认情况下有16个分片，这里配置具体使用的分片，默认是0
lettuce:
pool:
max-active: 8 # 连接池最大连接数（使用负值表示没有限制） 默认 8
max-wait: -1 # 连接池最大阻塞等待时间（使用负值表示没有限制） 默认 -1
max-idle: 8 # 连接池中的最大空闲连接 默认 8
min-idle: 0 # 连接池中的最小空闲连接 默认 05、新建测试类TestRedis.java
package sc.test.unit;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import sc.test.model.User;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class TestRedis {
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestRedis.class);
@Autowired
private StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;
@Autowired
private RedisTemplate<String, Serializable> redisCacheTemplate;
@Test
public void get() {
// 测试线程安全
// ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1000);
// IntStream.range(0, 1000).forEach(i ->
// executorService.execute(() -> stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().increment("kk", 1))
// );
stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set("key", "{‘name‘:‘huangjinjin‘, ‘age‘:30}");
final String value = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get("key");
log.info("[字符缓存结果] - [{}]", value);
String key = "manage:user:1";
User u = new User();
u.setId(1L);
u.setAge(30);
u.setPosition("cto");
u.setUserName("good boy");
redisCacheTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, u);
//从缓存获取User对象
final User user = (User) redisCacheTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);
log.info("[对象缓存结果] - userName={}, age={}, position={}", //
user.getUserName(), user.getAge(), user.getPosition());
}
}6、进行测试
（1）reids server没有启动时，运行TestRedis.java（右键选择Junit Test）
连接不上Reids server异常
（2）reids server启动后时，运行TestRedis.java，出现绿条说明执行代码成功
日志中打印相关数据，说明数据也存贮到redis server中
7、使用redis-cli验证数据是否正在存档redis server中
有了spring-boot-starter-test，就可以不使用restful接口对spring boot写的接口进行单元测试了。不但可以测试redis，也可以测试数据库的增删查改。可以使用spring中的各种注解，注入对象。