基于Spring MVC的Web应用开发(4) - FileUpload
上一篇文章介绍了Spring MVC如何处理静态资源文件,本文讲解如何使用Spring MVC做文件上传,附带深入一下Spring MVC的ModelAndView。增加一个Controller,叫FileUploadController:
package org.springframework.samples.mvc.fileupload; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; @Controller @RequestMapping("/fileupload") public class FileUploadController { @RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.GET) public void fileUploadForm() { } }
这个类和HelloWorld中的Controller类就有点差别了,首先类名上加入了@RequestMapping注解,这样在做HandlerMapping时,SpringMVC会将类名和方法名的@RequestMapping连接起来,而本例方法名前并没有具体路径(当然也可以写),因此最终映射的URL还是"/fileupload",另外一点就是在方法级@RequestMapping的注解增加了一个RequestMothod.GET,意思是只有以GET方式提交的"/fileupload"URL请求才会进入fileUploadForm()方法,其实根据HTTP协议,HTTP支持一系列提交方法(GET,POST,PUT,DELETE),同一个URL都可以使用这几种提交方式,事实上SpringMVC正是通过将同一个URL的不同提交方法对应到不同的方法上达到RESTful。
访问http://localhost:8080/web/fileupload,后台报错:
2012-03-20 19:12:44.557:WARN::/web/fileupload javax.servlet.ServletException: Circular view path [fileupload]: would dispatch back to the current handler URL [/web/fileupload] again. Check your ViewResolver setup! (Hint: This may be the result of an unspecified view, due to default view name generation.) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceView.prepareForRendering(InternalResourceView.java:292) ...
正如Hint中指出的,没有指定一个View,大家可能会有疑问,HelloWorld中不是可以将结果返回到浏览器么?注意HelloWorld中的@ResponseBody跟View没有任何关系,HelloWorld中其实也是返回了一个ModelAndView,但这个View为null,并且在返回前,已经将结果通过HttpServletResponse发送给浏览器了。那么怎么指定一个View呢?通常我们会想到一个默认的View,即如果没有写特殊的View,所有的结果都将转到这个默认的View上,最后将这个View推到浏览器展示。在servlet-context.xml中增加一个配置:
<!-- Resolves views selected for rendering by @Controllers to .jsp resources in the /WEB-INF/views directory --> <beans:bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <beans:property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" /> <beans:property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </beans:bean>
配置了一个Bean,对应的类为InternalResourceViewResolver,并设置了prefix属性为"/WEB-INF/views",suffix属性为".jsp",这个类为视图解析器(view resolver),支持InternalResourceView(比如Servlet和JSP)及其子类如JstlView,默认的是InternalResourceView,如果有JSTL API存在的话,就是JstlView。
现在有一个默认的View了,这个View将view名字解析到/WEB-INF/views/目录下对应的jsp文件。哪里有view名字?当带有@RequestMapping的方法返回void时,@RequestMapping映射的URL路径即view名字。
所以当使用GET方式访问http://localhost:8080/web/fileupload时,最终会找WEB-INF/views/目录下有没有fileupload.jsp文件,有则将此jsp文件显示在浏览器上,没有则报如下错误:
ERROR: PWC6117: File "/Users/stephansun/Documents/workspace/samples/samples-web/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/views/fileupload.jsp" not found
fileUploadForm.jsp文件为:
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %> <html> <head> <title>fileupload | mvc-showcase</title> <link href="<c:url value="/resources/form.css" />" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="<c:url value="/resources/jquery/1.6/jquery.js" />"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="<c:url value="/resources/jqueryform/2.8/jquery.form.js" />"></script> </head> <body> <div id="fileuploadContent"> <h2>File Upload</h2> <p> See the <code>org.springframework.samples.mvc.fileupload</code> package for the @Controller code </p> <form id="fileuploadForm" action="fileupload" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data" class="cleanform"> <div class="header"> <h2>Form</h2> <c:if test="${not empty message}"> <div id="message" class="success">${message}</div> </c:if> </div> <label for="file">File</label> <input id="file" type="file" name="file" /> <p><button type="submit">Upload</button></p> </form> </div> </body> </html>
上传页面正确显示后,我们需要一个方法处理上传请求,processUpload,现在FileUploadController看起来是这样的:
package org.springframework.samples.mvc.fileupload; import java.io.IOException; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.Model; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile; @Controller @RequestMapping("/fileupload") public class FileUploadController { @RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.GET) public void fileUploadForm() { } @RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.POST) public void processUpload(@RequestParam MultipartFile file, Model model) throws IOException { model.addAttribute("message", "File '" + file.getOriginalFilename() + "' uploaded successfully"); } }
这里出现了一个新注解@RequestParam,先看一下JSP页面的代码片段:
<input id="file" type="file" name="file" />
input框提交的参数名就是file,@RequestParam注解自动将POST提交的参数中名为file的封装到一个MultipartFile类中,一切都在开发人员眼皮底下做好了,大大减少了开发人员的代码量。现在我们在上传页面选择一个文件上传,后台报错,看报错日志:
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Expected MultipartHttpServletRequest: is a MultipartResolver configured? at org.springframework.util.Assert.notNull(Assert.java:112)
说"是不是没配置MultipartResolver?",恩,还没有配,所有在servlet-context.xml中加上这么一段配置:
<!-- Only needed because we require fileupload in the org.springframework.samples.mvc.fileupload package --> <beans:bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver" />
这个Bean也是一个视图解析器(view resolver)。
完整的XML:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans:beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:beans="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd"> <!-- DispatcherServlet Context: defines this servlet's request-processing infrastructure --> <!-- Handles HTTP GET requests for /resources/** by efficiently serving up static resources in the ${webappRoot}/resources/ directory --> <resources mapping="/resources/**" location="/resources/" /> <!-- Imports user-defined @Controller beans that process client requests --> <beans:import resource="controllers.xml" /> <!-- You have to add this because you had a <resources/> declare --> <mvc:annotation-driven/> <!-- Resolves views selected for rendering by @Controllers to .jsp resources in the /WEB-INF/views directory --> <beans:bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <beans:property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" /> <beans:property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </beans:bean> <!-- Only needed because we require fileupload in the org.springframework.samples.mvc.fileupload package --> <beans:bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver" /> </beans:beans>
然后再次上传文件,页面显示:
File 'a.js' uploaded successfully
上传成功,最后我们分析一下FileUploadController中的processUpload方法:
@RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.POST) public void processUpload(@RequestParam MultipartFile file, Model model) throws IOException { model.addAttribute("message", "File '" + file.getOriginalFilename() + "' uploaded successfully"); }
Model就是MVC模式中的M,Model层封装了要传递给View层显示的值。
最后更新一下pom.xml文件,添加两个依赖:
<!-- File Upload --> <dependency> <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId> <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId> <version>1.2.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-io</groupId> <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId> <version>2.0.1</version> </dependency>
好像前面写的代码根本没有涉及到这两个jar包啊,为什么要引入?
之前我写道
底层真正由谁来做的呢?我们加入了multipartResolver这个Bean,它对应的类为
org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver,
看看这个类的源代码,import中赫然写着:
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItemFactory; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUpload; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadBase; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
因此SpringMVC封装了commons-fileupload上传组件,真正起上传作用的还是commons-fileupload-1.2.2.jar这个jar包里面的类。