scrapy入门：豆瓣电影top250爬取

本文内容

• 爬取豆瓣电影Top250页面内容，字段包含：
  排名，片名，导演，一句话描述 有的为空，评分，评价人数，上映时间，上映国家，类别
• 抓取数据存储

scrapy介绍

Scrapy爬虫框架教程（一）-- Scrapy入门

创建项目

scrapy startproject dbmovie

创建爬虫

cd dbmoive
scarpy genspider dbmovie_spider movie.douban.com/top250

注意，爬虫名不能和项目名一样

应对反爬策略的配置

• 打开settings.py文件，将ROBOTSTXT_OBEY修改为False。

  ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

• 修改User-Agent

  DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
      'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
      'Accept-Language': 'en',
      'Accept-Encoding' :  'gzip, deflate, br',
      'Cache-Control' :  'max-age=0',
      'Connection' :  'keep-alive',
      'Host' :  'movie.douban.com',
      'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests' :  '1',
      'User-Agent' :  'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36',
  }

运行爬虫

scrapy crawl dbmovie_spider

定义item

根据前面的分析，我们需要抓取一共十个字段的信息，现在在items.py文件中定义item

import scrapy

class DoubanItem(scrapy.Item):
    # 排名
    ranking = scrapy.Field()
    # 篇名 
    title = scrapy.Field()
    # 导演
    director = scrapy.Field()
    # 一句话描述 有的为空
    movie_desc = scrapy.Field()
    # 评分
    rating_num = scrapy.Field()
    # 评价人数
    people_count = scrapy.Field()
    # 上映时间
    online_date = scrapy.Field()
    # 上映国家
    country = scrapy.Field()
    # 类别
    category = scrapy.Field()

字段提取

这里需要用到xpath相关知识，偷了个懒，直接用chrome插件获取
Chrome浏览器获取XPATH的方法----通过开发者工具获取

def parse(self, response):
    item = DoubanItem()
    movies = response.xpath('//div[@class="item"]')
    for movie in movies:
        # 名次
        item['ranking'] = movie.xpath('div[@class="pic"]/em/text()').extract()[0]
        # 片名 提取多个片名
        titles = movie.xpath('div[@class="info"]/div[1]/a/span/text()').extract()[0]
        item['title'] = titles
        # 获取导演信息
        info_director = movie.xpath('div[2]/div[2]/p[1]/text()[1]').extract()[0].replace("\n", "").replace(" ", "").split('\xa0')[0]
        item['director'] = info_director
        # 上映日期
        online_date = movie.xpath('div[2]/div[2]/p[1]/text()[2]').extract()[0].replace("\n", "").replace('\xa0', '').split("/")[0].replace(" ", "")
        # 制片国家
        country = movie.xpath('div[2]/div[2]/p[1]/text()[2]').extract()[0].replace("\n", "").split("/")[1].replace('\xa0', '')
        # 影片类型
        category = movie.xpath('div[2]/div[2]/p[1]/text()[2]').extract()[0].replace("\n", "").split("/")[2].replace('\xa0', '').replace(" ", "")
        item['online_date'] = online_date
        item['country'] = country
        item['category'] = category
        movie_desc = movie.xpath('div[@class="info"]/div[@class="bd"]/p[@class="quote"]/span/text()').extract()
        if len(movie_desc) != 0:  # 判断info的值是否为空，不进行这一步有的电影信息并没有会报错或数据不全
            item['movie_desc'] = movie_desc
        else:
            item['movie_desc'] = ' '

        item['rating_num'] = movie.xpath('div[@class="info"]/div[@class="bd"]/div[@class="star"]/span[@class="rating_num"]/text()').extract()[0]
        item['people_count'] = movie.xpath('div[@class="info"]/div[@class="bd"]/div[@class="star"]/span[4]/text()').extract()[0]
        yield item
    # 获取下一页
    next_url = response.xpath('//span[@class="next"]/a/@href').extract()
    
    if next_url:
        next_url = 'https://movie.douban.com/top250' + next_url[0]
        yield scrapy.Request(next_url, callback=self.parse, dont_filter=True)

存储数据，mysql

注意1064错误，表中字段包含mysql关键字导致
Scrapy入门教程之写入数据库

import pymysql

def dbHandle():
    conn = pymysql.connect(
        host='localhost',
        user='root',
        passwd='pwd',
        db="dbmovie",
        charset='utf8',
        use_unicode=False
    )
    return conn

class DoubanPipeline(object):
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        dbObject = dbHandle()
        cursor = dbObject.cursor()
        sql = "insert into db_info(ranking,title,director,movie_desc,rating_num,people_count,online_date,country,category) values(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)"

        try:
            cursor.execute(sql, (item['ranking'], item['title'], item['director'], item['movie_desc'], item['rating_num'], item['people_count'], item['online_date'], item['country'], item['category']))
            dbObject.commit()
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
            dbObject.rollback()

        return item

简单应对爬虫策略

Scrapy爬虫——突破反爬虫最全策略解析