Kubernetes技术分析之监控
Docker的流行激活了一直不温不火的PaaS,随着而来的是各类Micro-PaaS的出现,Kubernetes是其中最具代表性的一员,它是Google多年大规模容器管理技术的开源版本。本系列文章将逐一分析Kubernetes,本文介绍 Kubernetes中2个主要的监控模块cAdvisor 和Heapster 。
Kubernetes监控
监控是运维的根基,是非常重要的一环,对此Kubernete提供了平台本身以及应用的监控,下图是Kubernete中监控的逻辑设计图:
cAdvisor
监控agent, 在每个Kubernetes Node上都会运行cAdvisor 。cadvisor 会收集本机以及容器的监控数据(CPU, memory, filesystem, and network usage statistics)。
在较新的Kubernetes版本里,cadvior功能已经被集成到了kubelet组件中。在Node节点上可以直接访问cadvisor 的界面:
也可以调用cadvisor 的API接口,参考:
https://github.com/google/cadv ... pi.md
下面是cadvisor 一条记录,可以看到统计的监控数据范围:
{ "timestamp": "2015-08-06T16:26:14.407749377+08:00", "cpu": { "usage": { "total": 9868208554, "per_cpu_usage": [9868208554], "user": 1850000000, "system": 280000000 }, "load_average": 0 }, "diskio": { "io_service_bytes": [{ "major": 253, "minor": 7, "stats": { "Async": 13946880, "Read": 13946880, "Sync": 0, "Total": 13946880, "Write": 0 } }], "io_serviced": [{ "major": 253, "minor": 7, "stats": { "Async": 369, "Read": 369, "Sync": 0, "Total": 369, "Write": 0 } }] }, "memory": { "usage": 8548352, "working_set": 4067328, "container_data": { "pgfault": 6462, "pgmajfault": 132 }, "hierarchical_data": { "pgfault": 6462, "pgmajfault": 132 } }, "network": { "name": "", "rx_bytes": 0, "rx_packets": 0, "rx_errors": 0, "rx_dropped": 0, "tx_bytes": 0, "tx_packets": 0, "tx_errors": 0, "tx_dropped": 0 }, "task_stats": { "nr_sleeping": 0, "nr_running": 0, "nr_stopped": 0, "nr_uninterruptible": 0, "nr_io_wait": 0 } },
Heapster
Heapster 收集所有Kubernetes Node,然后汇总数据,然后可以导到第三方工具(如Influxdb)。
Heapster 可以以Pod的方式运行在Kubernetes平台里,也可以单独运行以standalone的方式。
使用Pod方式部署的话问题比较多,本文采用standalone方式部署。
$ docker run -p 8082:8082 \ --add-host=node1:192.168.3.147 --add-host=node2:192.168.3.148 --add-host=node3:192.168.3.149 \ kubernetes/heapster:v0.15.0 \ --source=kubernetes:http://192.168.3.146:8080?inClusterConfig=false&useServiceAccount=false \ --sink=influxdb:http://10.254.209.104:8086
source用于配置监控来源,它支持的参数:
- inClusterConfig - Use kube config in service accounts associated with heapster's namesapce. (default: true)
- kubeletPort - kubelet port to use (default: 10255)
- kubeletHttps - whether to use https to connect to kubelets (default: false)
- apiVersion - API version to use to talk to Kubernetes. Defaults to the version in kubeConfig.
- insecure - whether to trust kubernetes certificates (default: false)
- auth - client auth file to use. Set auth if the service accounts are not usable.
- useServiceAccount - whether to use the service account token if one is mounted at/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token (default: false)
注意:--add-host主要是因为Heapster 会根据hostname去查询node的IP,参考:
https://github.com/GoogleCloud ... 62998
Heapster 运行后,可以在influxdb查询到数据,说明监控数据已经上报: