Tmux – Linux终端管理软件

tmux是一个优秀的终端复用软件，类似GNU Screen，但来自于OpenBSD，采用BSD授权。使用它最直观的好处就是，通过一个终端登录远程主机并运行tmux后，在其中可以开启多个控制台而无需再“浪费”多余的终端来连接这台远程主机；当然其功能远不止于此。与screen相比的优点：可以横向和纵向分割窗口，且窗格可以自由移动和调整大小。可在多个缓冲区进行复制和粘贴，支持跨窗口搜索；非正常断线后不需重新detach；…… 有人说——与tmux相比，screen简直弱爆了。

下载源码包： 
wget --no-check-certificate https://github.com/downloads/libevent/libevent/libevent-2.0.21-stable.tar.gz
wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/tmux/tmux-1.8.tar.gz

编译tmux-1.8时，可能出现如下错误： 
control.c: In function ‘control_callback’:
control.c:63: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘evbuffer_readln’
control.c:63: error: ‘EVBUFFER_EOL_LF’ undeclared (first use in this function)
control.c:63: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
control.c:63: error: for each function it appears in.)
control.c:63: warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast
make: *** [control.o] Error 1

原因是使用的libevent的版本太低造成的，tmux1.8要求libevent>= 2.0.10-stable

编译libevent 
yum -y install ncurses-devel #依赖包
tar xzf libevent-2.0.21-stable.tar.gz
cd libevent-2.0.21-stable
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
 
tar xzf tmux-1.8.tar.gz
cd tmux-1.8
CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/include" LDFLAGS="-L//usr/local/lib" ./configure
make && make install1
 
<strong>直接./configure不能通过编译，报如下错误：</strong>
1cmd-capture-pane.o: In function `cmd_capture_pane_pending':
cmd-capture-pane.c:(.text+0x356): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup'
cmd-capture-pane.c:(.text+0x367): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
cmd-load-buffer.o: In function `cmd_load_buffer_callback':
cmd-load-buffer.c:(.text+0x52): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
cmd-load-buffer.c:(.text+0x88): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup'
cmd-pipe-pane.o: In function `cmd_pipe_pane_exec':
cmd-pipe-pane.c:(.text+0x2bf): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
cmd-run-shell.o: In function `cmd_run_shell_callback':
cmd-run-shell.c:(.text+0x315): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
cmd-run-shell.c:(.text+0x3fe): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup'
cmd-set-option.o: In function `cmd_set_option_exec':
cmd-set-option.c:(.text+0xc90): undefined reference to `event_initialized'
control.o: In function `control_callback':
control.c:(.text+0x15f): undefined reference to `evbuffer_readln'
control-notify.o: In function `control_notify_input':
control-notify.c:(.text+0x3ef): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup'
control-notify.c:(.text+0x3fa): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
format.o: In function `format_window_pane_tabs':
format.c:(.text+0xe05): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
format.c:(.text+0xe3b): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup'
format.c:(.text+0xe45): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
input.o: In function `input_set_state':
input.c:(.text+0x1b97): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
input.o: In function `input_parse':
input.c:(.text+0x1bd8): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
input.c:(.text+0x1c35): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup'
input.c:(.text+0x1c43): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
job.o: In function `job_write_callback':
job.c:(.text+0x12): undefined reference to `bufferevent_get_output'
job.c:(.text+0x1a): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
names.o: In function `queue_window_name':
names.c:(.text+0x144): undefined reference to `event_initialized'
names.o: In function `window_name_callback':
names.c:(.text+0x237): undefined reference to `event_initialized'
server-client.o: In function `server_client_check_exit':
server-client.c:(.text+0xbca): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
server-client.c:(.text+0xbdc): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
server-client.c:(.text+0xbee): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
server-client.o: In function `server_client_lost':
server-client.c:(.text+0x1835): undefined reference to `event_initialized'
server-client.c:(.text+0x1859): undefined reference to `event_initialized'
server-client.c:(.text+0x1937): undefined reference to `event_initialized'
server-fn.o: In function `server_update_event':
server-fn.c:(.text+0x23c): undefined reference to `event_initialized'
server-fn.o: In function `server_set_identify':
server-fn.c:(.text+0x2e7): undefined reference to `event_initialized'
server-fn.o: In function `server_push_stdout':
server-fn.c:(.text+0xd9f): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
server-fn.c:(.text+0xdcc): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup'
server-fn.o: In function `server_push_stderr':
server-fn.c:(.text+0xe6b): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
server-fn.c:(.text+0xe98): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup'
server.o: In function `server_add_accept':
server.c:(.text+0x43c): undefined reference to `event_initialized'
status.o: In function `status_message_set':
status.c:(.text+0x2484): undefined reference to `event_initialized'
status.o: In function `status_job_callback':
status.c:(.text+0x25e8): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
status.c:(.text+0x2623): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup'
tty-keys.o: In function `tty_keys_next':
tty-keys.c:(.text+0x6b7): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup'
tty-keys.c:(.text+0x6cb): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
tty-keys.c:(.text+0x771): undefined reference to `event_initialized'
tty-keys.c:(.text+0x843): undefined reference to `event_initialized'
tty-keys.c:(.text+0x8f9): undefined reference to `event_initialized'
tty.o: In function `tty_close':
tty.c:(.text+0x326c): undefined reference to `event_initialized'
window.o: In function `window_pane_read_callback':
window.c:(.text+0x276b): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
window.c:(.text+0x2791): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'
window.c:(.text+0x27e1): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup'
window.o: In function `window_pane_destroy':
window.c:(.text+0x2e5a): undefined reference to `event_initialized'
window.o: In function `window_destroy':
window.c:(.text+0x36c5): undefined reference to `event_initialized'
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [tmux] Error 1

运行tmux可能出现如下错误：
tmux: error while loading shared libraries: libevent-2.0.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
解决办法：建立相应的symbol link
if [ `getconf WORD_BIT` = '32' ] && [ `getconf LONG_BIT` = '64' ] ; then
    ln -s /usr/local/lib/libevent-2.0.so.5 /usr/lib64/libevent-2.0.so.5
else
    ln -s /usr/local/lib/libevent-2.0.so.5 /usr/lib/libevent-2.0.so.5
fi

tmux操作手册
类似各种平铺式窗口管理器，tmux使用键盘操作，常用快捷键包括：

tmux配置
tmux的系统级配置文件为/etc/tmux.conf，用户级配置文件为~/.tmux.conf。配置文件实际上就是tmux的命令集合，也就是说每行配置均可在进入命令行模式后输入生效。
 下面是一个~/.tmux.conf的示例，其中包括了一些常用的配置：
#此类配置可以在命令行模式中输入show-options -g查询
set-option -g base-index 1                        #窗口的初始序号；默认为0，这里设置为1
set-option -g display-time 5000                  #提示信息的持续时间；设置足够的时间以避免看不清提示，单位为毫秒
set-option -g repeat-time 1000                    #控制台激活后的持续时间；设置合适的时间以避免每次操作都要先激活控制台，单位为毫秒
set-option -g status-keys vi                      #操作状态栏时的默认键盘布局；可以设置为vi或emacs
set-option -g status-right "#(date +%H:%M' ')"    #状态栏右方的内容；这里的设置将得到类似23:59的显示
set-option -g status-right-length 10              #状态栏右方的内容长度；建议把更多的空间留给状态栏左方（用于列出当前窗口）
set-option -g status-utf8 on                      开启状态栏的UTF-8支持
 
#此类设置可以在命令行模式中输入show-window-options -g查询
set-window-option -g mode-keys vi    #复制模式中的默认键盘布局；可以设置为vi或emacs
set-window-option -g utf8 on        #开启窗口的UTF-8支持
 
#将激活控制台的快捷键由Ctrl+b修改为Ctrl+a
set-option -g prefix C-a
unbind-key C-b
bind-key C-a send-prefix
 
#添加自定义快捷键
bind-key z kill-session                    #按z结束当前会话；相当于进入命令行模式后输入kill-session
bind-key h select-layout even-horizontal    #按h将当前面板布局切换为even-horizontal；相当于进入命令行模式后输入select-layout even-horizontal
bind-key v select-layout even-vertical      #按v将当前面板布局切换为even-vertical；相当于进入命令行模式后输入select-layout even-vertical1

#常用

tmux                            #开启tmux
 tmux ls                        #列出会话(tmux list-session )
 tmux attach                  #Tmux重新连接到之前的窗口可使用
tmux attach -t session    #进入某个会话
tmux -r                        #连接上次断开的session
 tmux kill-session            #关闭上次tmux打开窗口
tmux kill-server              #关闭所有tmux打开窗口