JMS服务器ActiveMQ的初体验并持久化消息到MySQL数据库中.

一、JMS的理解

JMS(JavaMessageService)是jcp组织02-03年定义了jsr914规范(http://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=914),它定义了消息的格式和消息传递模式;

消息包括:消息头,消息扩展属性和消息体,其结构看起来与SOAP非常的相似,但一般情况下,SOAP主要关注远程服务调用,而消息则专注于信息的交换;

消息分为:消息生产者,消息服务器和消息消费者。生产者与消费者之间是透明的,生产者在产生消息之后,把消息发送到消息服务器,再由消息服务器发给消费者,因此它们构成了JMS的3点结构;

消息服务器再给消费者时,有2种模式:点到点(ptp:pointtopoint)模式和发布/订阅(publish/subscribe)模式;

ptp:即生产者把消息投递到消息服务器后,这条消息只能由某一个消费者使用;

发布/订阅:顾名思义,就是共享消息了,只要愿意,消费者都可以监听消息;

二、消息服务器(ActiveMQ)

消息服务器在JMS的3点结构中起着重要作用,没有它,生产者的消息不知道如何投递出去,消费者不知道从哪里取得消息,它同样是隔离生产者和消费者的关键部分…………

JMS消息服务器有很多:ActiveMQ、JbossMQ、OpenMQ、RabbitMQ、ZeroMQ等等。

本文介绍的是开源的Java实现的ApacheActiveMQ(http://activemq.apache.org),它的特性在首页就能看到,我就不再介绍了;

1、下载AMQ:http://activemq.apache.org/download.html,最新版本是5.5.0;

2、解压apache-activemq-5.5.0-bin.zip文件到文件系统(比如D:\ActiveMQ-5.5.0);

3、执行bin/activemq.bat脚本即可启动AMQ:
INFO | ActiveMQ 5.5.0 JMS Message Broker (localhost) is starting
 ......
 INFO | Listening for connections at: tcp://SHI-AP33382A:61616

 当看到上面的日志输出时,表示AMQ已经启动了;

4、默认情况下,AMQ使用conf/activemq.xml作为配置文件,我们可修改它,然后以bin/activemq.batxbean:./conf/my.xml启动AMQ;

三、持久化消息(MySQL)

因为接下来我们修改AMQ的默认配置文件,所以先备份conf/activemq.xml文件;

1、建立MySQL数据库:要使用MySQL存储消息,必须告诉AMQ数据源:
/**
 * 创建数据库
 */
CREATE DATABASE misc DEFAULT CHARSET=UTF8;

/**
 * 创建用户和授权
 */
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON misc.* TO 'misc_root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'misc_root_pwd';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON misc.* TO 'misc_root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'misc_root_pwd';

通过上面的SQL脚本,我们建立了名为misc的数据库,并且把所有权限都赋予了misc_root的用户;

由于AMQ需要在本数据库中建立数据表,因此用户的权限必须具有建表权限;

2、添加MySQL数据源:默认情况下,AMQ使用KahaDB存储(我对KahaDB不了解),注释到KahaDB的配置方式,改为MySQL的:
<!--
<persistenceAdapter>
    <kahaDB directory="${activemq.base}/data/kahadb"/>
</persistenceAdapter>
-->
<persistenceAdapter>
    <jdbcPersistenceAdapter dataSource="#MySQL-DS"/>
</persistenceAdapter>
 

该配置表示,我们将要使用一个叫做“MySQL-DS”的JDBC数据源;

3、配置MySQL数据源:在</broker>节点后面,增加MySQL数据源配置:
<!-- MySQL DataSource -->
<bean id="MySQL-DS" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
    <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
    <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/misc?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8"/>
    <property name="username" value="misc_root"/>
    <property name="password" value="misc_root_pwd"/>
    <property name="poolPreparedStatements" value="true"/>
</bean>
 

其实这就是一个Spring的Bean的配置,注意id与上面的保持一致;

整个AMQ的配置文件内容为:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:amq="http://activemq.apache.org/schema/core" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
  http://activemq.apache.org/schema/core http://activemq.apache.org/schema/core/activemq-core.xsd">

    <!-- Allows us to use system properties as variables in this configuration file -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
        <property name="locations">
            <value>classpath:/META-INF/credentials.properties</value>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <!--
        The <broker> element is used to configure the ActiveMQ broker.
    -->
    <broker xmlns="http://activemq.apache.org/schema/core" brokerName="localhost">
        <!--
            For better performances use VM cursor and small memory limit. For more information, see: http://activemq.apache.org/message-cursors.html Also, if your producer is "hanging", it's probably due to producer flow control. For more information, see:
            http://activemq.apache.org/producer-flow-control.html
        -->
        <destinationPolicy>
            <policyMap>
                <policyEntries>
                    <policyEntry topic=">" producerFlowControl="true" memoryLimit="1mb">
                        <pendingSubscriberPolicy>
                            <vmCursor />
                        </pendingSubscriberPolicy>
                    </policyEntry>
                    <policyEntry queue=">" producerFlowControl="true" memoryLimit="1mb">
                        <!--
                            Use VM cursor for better latency For more information, see: http://activemq.apache.org/message-cursors.html <pendingQueuePolicy> <vmQueueCursor/> </pendingQueuePolicy>
                        -->
                    </policyEntry>
                </policyEntries>
            </policyMap>
        </destinationPolicy>

        <!--
            The managementContext is used to configure how ActiveMQ is exposed in
            JMX. By default, ActiveMQ uses the MBean server that is started by
            the JVM. For more information, see:
           
            http://activemq.apache.org/jmx.html
        -->
        <managementContext>
            <managementContext createConnector="false" />
        </managementContext>

        <!--
            Configure message persistence for the broker. The default persistence
            mechanism is the KahaDB store (identified by the kahaDB tag).
            For more information, see:
           
            http://activemq.apache.org/persistence.html
        -->
        <!--
        <persistenceAdapter>
            <kahaDB directory="${activemq.base}/data/kahadb"/>
        </persistenceAdapter>
        -->
        <persistenceAdapter>
            <jdbcPersistenceAdapter dataSource="#MySQL-DS" />
        </persistenceAdapter>

        <!--
            The transport connectors expose ActiveMQ over a given protocol to
            clients and other brokers. For more information, see:
           
            http://activemq.apache.org/configuring-transports.html
        -->
        <transportConnectors>
            <transportConnector name="openwire" uri="tcp://0.0.0.0:61616" />
        </transportConnectors>
    </broker>

    <!-- MySQL DataSource -->
    <bean id="MySQL-DS" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/misc?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8" />
        <property name="username" value="misc_root" />
        <property name="password" value="misc_root_pwd" />
        <property name="poolPreparedStatements" value="true" />
    </bean>

    <!--
        Enable web consoles, REST and Ajax APIs and demos
        It also includes Camel (with its web console), see ${ACTIVEMQ_HOME}/conf/camel.xml for more info
       
        Take a look at ${ACTIVEMQ_HOME}/conf/jetty.xml for more details
    -->
    <import resource="jetty.xml"/>

</beans>
 

四、查看MySQL数据表

重新启动AMQ,启动完成之后,我们发现,misc数据库多了3张数据表:
mysql> SHOW tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_misc |
+----------------+
| activemq_acks  |
| activemq_lock  |
| activemq_msgs  |
+----------------+
 

数据表activemq_msgs即为持久化消息表;

五、持久化消息

系统启动完毕之后,消息表中内容为空:
mysql> SELECT * FROM activemq_msgs;
Empty set
 

1、发送消息:打开http://127.0.0.1:8161/demo/页面,找到“Sendamessage”链接,打开页面(http://127.0.0.1:8161/demo/send.html),填写完表格后,点击“Send”按键,即AMQ投递了一个消息;

2、查看消息:发送之后,我们可以看到数据表中多了一条消息:
mysql> SELECT * FROM activemq_msgs;
+----+-----------------+--------------------------------------------+-----------+------------+-----+----------+
| ID | CONTAINER       | MSGID_PROD                                 | MSGID_SEQ | EXPIRATION | MSG | PRIORITY |
+----+-----------------+--------------------------------------------+-----------+------------+-----+----------+
|  1 | queue://FOO.BAR | ID:SHI-AP33382A-1486-1309840138441-2:2:1:1 |         1 |          0 | |        5 |
+----+-----------------+--------------------------------------------+-----------+------------+-----+----------+
 

3、取得消息:找到“Receiveamessage”链接,打开页面(http://127.0.0.1:8161/demo/message/FOO/BAR?readTimeout=10000&type=queue),发现该页面不是一个标准HTML页面,查看其源代码,其内容是不是就是刚才的消息内容?

4、查看消息:消息消费之后,我们可以看到数据表没有消息了:
mysql> SELECT * FROM activemq_msgs;
Empty set
 

5、我们可以生产多条消息,然后一条一条的消费,发现消息表中的消息一条一条的减少;

6、在发送消息页面,“DestinationType”如果选择“Topic”的话,则消息表中并没有数据,原因在于“Queue”为ptp模式消息,“Topic”为发布/订阅模式消息,当没有订阅者时,消息直接丢掉了。

JMS的内容先介绍到这里,下面我将结合Spring来启动AMQ(即AMQ与应用一同启动,上面介绍的都是单独的启动),通过测试代码来发送和消费消息,敬请期待!

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