关于嵌入式学习随笔->11《STM32CubeMX应用2-LED（通用I/O与定时中断配置）》

STM32CubeMX中配置GPIO基本操作

普通I/O口配置

应用HAL库实现LED的闪烁。

1、通过原理图查看自己的板子中关于LED的原理图。

2、在STM32CubeMX中找到对应的引脚，配置模式。如果只是普通I/O这里可以选择GPIO_Output。

PF14:GPIO_Output 普通引脚延时闪烁

配置名字引脚名

定时中断配置

PE11:TIM1_CH2 (用定时器中断的方法实现闪烁)

设置分频值和，重载值。

配置中断优先级

配置好后生成代码。

HAL库相关程序讲解

打开对应的程序可以查看相应生成的代码。

函数1：HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx, uint16_t GPIO_Pin, GPIO_PinState PinState)

例：根据电路原理图点亮LED。

HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LED_G_GPIO_Port,LED_G_Pin,GPIO_PIN_RESET);

函数2：HAL_Init（）

HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_Init(void)
{
  /* Configure Flash prefetch, Instruction cache, Data cache */
#if (INSTRUCTION_CACHE_ENABLE != 0U)
  __HAL_FLASH_INSTRUCTION_CACHE_ENABLE();
#endif /* INSTRUCTION_CACHE_ENABLE */

#if (DATA_CACHE_ENABLE != 0U)
  __HAL_FLASH_DATA_CACHE_ENABLE();
#endif /* DATA_CACHE_ENABLE */

#if (PREFETCH_ENABLE != 0U)
  __HAL_FLASH_PREFETCH_BUFFER_ENABLE();
#endif /* PREFETCH_ENABLE */

  /* Set Interrupt Group Priority */
  HAL_NVIC_SetPriorityGrouping(NVIC_PRIORITYGROUP_4);

  /* Use systick as time base source and configure 1ms tick (default clock after Reset is HSI) */
  HAL_InitTick(TICK_INT_PRIORITY);

  /* Init the low level hardware */
  HAL_MspInit();

  /* Return function status */
  return HAL_OK;
}

HAL_Init()

其中

__weak HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_InitTick(uint32_t TickPriority)
{
  /* Configure the SysTick to have interrupt in 1ms time basis*/
  if (HAL_SYSTICK_Config(SystemCoreClock / (1000U / uwTickFreq)) > 0U)
  {
    return HAL_ERROR;
  }

  /* Configure the SysTick IRQ priority */
  if (TickPriority < (1UL << __NVIC_PRIO_BITS))
  {
    HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(SysTick_IRQn, TickPriority, 0U);
    uwTickPrio = TickPriority;
  }
  else
  {
    return HAL_ERROR;
  }

  /* Return function status */
  return HAL_OK;
}

HAL_InitTick(uint32_t TickPriority)

是一个若定义函数，在其他地方没有定义的的话，默认定时周期1ms，并使SysTick开始工作。每当抵达定时器递减到0，会触发中断，进入SysTick 中断处理函数（SysTick_IRQn）。

在stm32f4xx_it.c中。

void SysTick_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysTick_IRQn 0 */

  /* USER CODE END SysTick_IRQn 0 */
  HAL_IncTick();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysTick_IRQn 1 */

  /* USER CODE END SysTick_IRQn 1 */
}

SysTick_Handler(void)

在其中调用了弱函数

__weak void HAL_IncTick(void)
{
  uwTick += uwTickFreq;
}

HAL_IncTick(void)

uwTick存储的是从stm32的滴答定时器初始化依赖所经过的时间，给整个程序提供了一个绝对的时间基准。HAL_Delay函数就是通过uwTick的值完成的。

其中在HAL库中可以通过

__weak uint32_t HAL_GetTick(void)
{
  return uwTick;
}

HAL_GetTick(void)

来获取uwTick的值。

函数3：HAL_Delay(uint32_t Delay)

__weak void HAL_Delay(uint32_t Delay)
{
  uint32_t tickstart = HAL_GetTick();
  uint32_t wait = Delay;

  /* Add a freq to guarantee minimum wait */
  if (wait < HAL_MAX_DELAY)
  {
    wait += (uint32_t)(uwTickFreq);
  }

  while((HAL_GetTick() - tickstart) < wait)
  {
  }
}

HAL_Delay(uint32_t Delay)

是以滴答定时器的时间为基准定时的。如果需要更加短的时间延时需要自己重新写。

函数4：void HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx, uint16_t GPIO_Pin)

/**
  * @brief  Toggles the specified GPIO pins.
  * @param  GPIOx Where x can be (A..K) to select the GPIO peripheral for STM32F429X device or
  *                      x can be (A..I) to select the GPIO peripheral for STM32F40XX and STM32F427X devices.
  * @param  GPIO_Pin Specifies the pins to be toggled.
  * @retval None
  */
void HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx, uint16_t GPIO_Pin)
{
  /* Check the parameters */
  assert_param(IS_GPIO_PIN(GPIO_Pin));

  if ((GPIOx->ODR & GPIO_Pin) == GPIO_Pin)
  {
    GPIOx->BSRR = (uint32_t)GPIO_Pin << GPIO_NUMBER;
  }
  else
  {
    GPIOx->BSRR = GPIO_Pin;
  }
}

HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx, uint16_t GPIO_Pin)

定时中断相关函数

在stm32f4xx_it.c中

/******************************************************************************/
/* STM32F4xx Peripheral Interrupt Handlers                                    */
/* Add here the Interrupt Handlers for the used peripherals.                  */
/* For the available peripheral interrupt handler names,                      */
/* please refer to the startup file (startup_stm32f4xx.s).                    */
/******************************************************************************/

/**
  * @brief This function handles TIM1 update interrupt and TIM10 global interrupt.
  */
void TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQHandler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQn 0 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQn 0 */
  HAL_TIM_IRQHandler(&htim1);
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQn 1 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQn 1 */
}

TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQHandler(void)

为自动生成的中断处理函数。

该函数调用了 HAL 库提供的 HAL_TIM_IRQHandler 这一函数

==============================================================================
                        ##### IRQ handler management #####
  ==============================================================================
  [..]
    This section provides Timer IRQ handler function.

@endverbatim
  * @{
  */
/**
  * @brief  This function handles TIM interrupts requests.
  * @param  htim TIM  handle
  * @retval None
  */
void HAL_TIM_IRQHandler(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
  /* Capture compare 1 event */
  if (__HAL_TIM_GET_FLAG(htim, TIM_FLAG_CC1) != RESET)
  {
    if (__HAL_TIM_GET_IT_SOURCE(htim, TIM_IT_CC1) != RESET)
    {
      {
        __HAL_TIM_CLEAR_IT(htim, TIM_IT_CC1);
        htim->Channel = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_CHANNEL_1;

        /* Input capture event */
        if ((htim->Instance->CCMR1 & TIM_CCMR1_CC1S) != 0x00U)
        {
#if (USE_HAL_TIM_REGISTER_CALLBACKS == 1)
          htim->IC_CaptureCallback(htim);
#else
          HAL_TIM_IC_CaptureCallback(htim);
#endif /* USE_HAL_TIM_REGISTER_CALLBACKS */
        }
        /* Output compare event */
        else
        {
#if (USE_HAL_TIM_REGISTER_CALLBACKS == 1)
          htim->OC_DelayElapsedCallback(htim);
          htim->PWM_PulseFinishedCallback(htim);
#else
          HAL_TIM_OC_DelayElapsedCallback(htim);
          HAL_TIM_PWM_PulseFinishedCallback(htim);
#endif /* USE_HAL_TIM_REGISTER_CALLBACKS */
        }
        htim->Channel = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_CHANNEL_CLEARED;
      }
    }
  }
  /* Capture compare 2 event */
  if (__HAL_TIM_GET_FLAG(htim, TIM_FLAG_CC2) != RESET)
  {
    if (__HAL_TIM_GET_IT_SOURCE(htim, TIM_IT_CC2) != RESET)
    {
      __HAL_TIM_CLEAR_IT(htim, TIM_IT_CC2);
      htim->Channel = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_CHANNEL_2;
      /* Input capture event */
      if ((htim->Instance->CCMR1 & TIM_CCMR1_CC2S) != 0x00U)
      {
#if (USE_HAL_TIM_REGISTER_CALLBACKS == 1)
        htim->IC_CaptureCallback(htim);
#else
        HAL_TIM_IC_CaptureCallback(htim);
#endif /* USE_HAL_TIM_REGISTER_CALLBACKS */
      }
      /* Output compare event */
      else
      {
#if (USE_HAL_TIM_REGISTER_CALLBACKS == 1)
        htim->OC_DelayElapsedCallback(htim);
        htim->PWM_PulseFinishedCallback(htim);
#else
        HAL_TIM_OC_DelayElapsedCallback(htim);
        HAL_TIM_PWM_PulseFinishedCallback(htim);
#endif /* USE_HAL_TIM_REGISTER_CALLBACKS */
      }
      htim->Channel = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_CHANNEL_CLEARED;
    }
  }
  /* Capture compare 3 event */
  if (__HAL_TIM_GET_FLAG(htim, TIM_FLAG_CC3) != RESET)
  {
    if (__HAL_TIM_GET_IT_SOURCE(htim, TIM_IT_CC3) != RESET)
    {
      __HAL_TIM_CLEAR_IT(htim, TIM_IT_CC3);
      htim->Channel = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_CHANNEL_3;
      /* Input capture event */
      if ((htim->Instance->CCMR2 & TIM_CCMR2_CC3S) != 0x00U)
      {
#if (USE_HAL_TIM_REGISTER_CALLBACKS == 1)
        htim->IC_CaptureCallback(htim);
#else
        HAL_TIM_IC_CaptureCallback(htim);
#endif /* USE_HAL_TIM_REGISTER_CALLBACKS */
      }
      /* Output compare event */
      else
      {
#if (USE_HAL_TIM_REGISTER_CALLBACKS == 1)
        htim->OC_DelayElapsedCallback(htim);
        htim->PWM_PulseFinishedCallback(htim);
#else
        HAL_TIM_OC_DelayElapsedCallback(htim);
        HAL_TIM_PWM_PulseFinishedCallback(htim);
#endif /* USE_HAL_TIM_REGISTER_CALLBACKS */
      }
      htim->Channel = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_CHANNEL_CLEARED;
    }
  }
  /* Capture compare 4 event */
  if (__HAL_TIM_GET_FLAG(htim, TIM_FLAG_CC4) != RESET)
  {
    if (__HAL_TIM_GET_IT_SOURCE(htim, TIM_IT_CC4) != RESET)
    {
      __HAL_TIM_CLEAR_IT(htim, TIM_IT_CC4);
      htim->Channel = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_CHANNEL_4;
      /* Input capture event */
      if ((htim->Instance->CCMR2 & TIM_CCMR2_CC4S) != 0x00U)
      {
#if (USE_HAL_TIM_REGISTER_CALLBACKS == 1)
        htim->IC_CaptureCallback(htim);
#else
        HAL_TIM_IC_CaptureCallback(htim);
#endif /* USE_HAL_TIM_REGISTER_CALLBACKS */
      }
      /* Output compare event */
      else
      {
#if (USE_HAL_TIM_REGISTER_CALLBACKS == 1)
        htim->OC_DelayElapsedCallback(htim);
        htim->PWM_PulseFinishedCallback(htim);
#else
        HAL_TIM_OC_DelayElapsedCallback(htim);
        HAL_TIM_PWM_PulseFinishedCallback(htim);
#endif /* USE_HAL_TIM_REGISTER_CALLBACKS */
      }
      htim->Channel = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_CHANNEL_CLEARED;
    }
  }
  /* TIM Update event */
  if (__HAL_TIM_GET_FLAG(htim, TIM_FLAG_UPDATE) != RESET)
  {
    if (__HAL_TIM_GET_IT_SOURCE(htim, TIM_IT_UPDATE) != RESET)
    {
      __HAL_TIM_CLEAR_IT(htim, TIM_IT_UPDATE);
#if (USE_HAL_TIM_REGISTER_CALLBACKS == 1)
      htim->PeriodElapsedCallback(htim);
#else
      HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(htim);
#endif /* USE_HAL_TIM_REGISTER_CALLBACKS */
    }
  }
  /* TIM Break input event */
  if (__HAL_TIM_GET_FLAG(htim, TIM_FLAG_BREAK) != RESET)
  {
    if (__HAL_TIM_GET_IT_SOURCE(htim, TIM_IT_BREAK) != RESET)
    {
      __HAL_TIM_CLEAR_IT(htim, TIM_IT_BREAK);
#if (USE_HAL_TIM_REGISTER_CALLBACKS == 1)
      htim->BreakCallback(htim);
#else
      HAL_TIMEx_BreakCallback(htim);
#endif /* USE_HAL_TIM_REGISTER_CALLBACKS */
    }
  }
  /* TIM Trigger detection event */
  if (__HAL_TIM_GET_FLAG(htim, TIM_FLAG_TRIGGER) != RESET)
  {
    if (__HAL_TIM_GET_IT_SOURCE(htim, TIM_IT_TRIGGER) != RESET)
    {
      __HAL_TIM_CLEAR_IT(htim, TIM_IT_TRIGGER);
#if (USE_HAL_TIM_REGISTER_CALLBACKS == 1)
      htim->TriggerCallback(htim);
#else
      HAL_TIM_TriggerCallback(htim);
#endif /* USE_HAL_TIM_REGISTER_CALLBACKS */
    }
  }
  /* TIM commutation event */
  if (__HAL_TIM_GET_FLAG(htim, TIM_FLAG_COM) != RESET)
  {
    if (__HAL_TIM_GET_IT_SOURCE(htim, TIM_IT_COM) != RESET)
    {
      __HAL_TIM_CLEAR_IT(htim, TIM_FLAG_COM);
#if (USE_HAL_TIM_REGISTER_CALLBACKS == 1)
      htim->CommutationCallback(htim);
#else
      HAL_TIMEx_CommutCallback(htim);
#endif /* USE_HAL_TIM_REGISTER_CALLBACKS */
    }
  }
}

HAL_TIM_IRQHandler(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)

在 HAL_TIM_IRQHandler 对各个涉及中断的寄存器进行了处理之后，会自动调用中断回调 函数 HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback，该函数使用__weak 修饰符修饰，即用户可以在别 处重新声明该函数，调用时将优先进入用户声明的函数。

void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
 if(htim == &htim1)
 {
 //你的中断中要处理的函数

 }
}

HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)

相关计算

如果想要得到周期为 500 毫秒的定时器，则可以按照进阶学习介绍的公式来对分频值和重 载值进行设定。回到 Pinout&Configuration 标签页下，对应 TIMx_PSC 寄存器的 Prescaler 项和对应 TIMx_ARR 寄存器的 Counter Period 项。500ms 对应的频率为 2Hz，为了得到 2Hz 的频率，可以将分频值设为 16799，重载值设为 4999，则可以计算出定时器触发频率。