使用Selenium破解新浪微博的四宫格验证码

在我们爬虫的时候经常会遇到验证码，新浪微博的验证码是四宫格形式。

可以采用模板验证码的破解方式，也就是把所有验证码的情况全部列出来，然后拿验证码的图片和这所有情况中的图片进行对比，然后获取验证码，再通过selenium自动拖拽点击，进行破解。

我们将验证码四个点标注为1234，那么所有的情况就是以下24种情况。

数字代表箭头指向：

所有的情况就是以上24种。我们将这24中验证码的情况放在一个文件夹内，当我们在登录的时候用获取的验证码截图去和所有的情况一一对比，然后获取完全相同的验证码，进行点击即可。代码如下：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
import time
from PIL import Image
from io import BytesIO
from os import listdir
USERNAME = ''
PASSWORD = ''
class CrackWeiboSlide():
  def __init__(self):
    self.url = 'https://passport.weibo.cn/signin/login'
    self.browser = webdriver.Chrome()
    self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.browser,20)
    self.username = USERNAME
    self.password = PASSWORD
  def __del__(self):
    self.browser.close()
  def open(self):
    """
    打开网页输入用户名密码登录
    :return: None
    """
    self.browser.get(self.url)
    username = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'loginName')))
    password = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'loginPassword')))
    submit = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, 'loginAction')))
    username.send_keys(self.username)
    password.send_keys(self.password)
    submit.click()
  def get_position(self):
    """
    获取验证码的位置
    :return: 位置
    """
    try:
      img = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME,'patt-shadow')))
    except TimeoutException:
      print('未出现验证码')
      self.open()
    time.sleep(2)
    location = img.location
    size = img.size
    top=location['y']
    bottom = location['y']+size['height']
    left = location['x']
    right = location['x']+size['width']
    return (top,bottom,left,right)
  def get_screenshot(self):
    """
    获取截图
    :return:截图
    """
    screentshot = self.browser.get_screenshot_as_png()
    # BytesIO将网页截图转换成二进制
    screentshot = Image.open(BytesIO(screentshot))
    return screentshot
  def get_image(self,name):
    """获取验证码图片"""
    top,bottom,left,right = self.get_position()
    print('验证码位置',top,bottom,left,right)
    screenshot = self.get_screenshot()
    # crop()将图片裁剪出来,后面需要一个参数
    captcha = screenshot.crop((left,top,right,bottom))
    captcha.save(name)
    return captcha
  def detect_image(self,image):
    """
    匹配图片
    :param self:
    :param image: 图片
    :return: 拖动顺序
    """
    # 图片所在的文件夹
    for template_name in listdir('templates/'):
      print('正在匹配',template_name)
      template = Image.open('templates/'+template_name)
      # 匹配图片
      if self.same_img(image,template):
        # 将匹配到的文件名转换为列表
        numbers = [int(number)for number in list(template_name.split('.')[0])]
        print('拖动顺序',numbers)
        return numbers
  def is_pixel_equal(self,image1,image2,x,y):
    """
    判断两个像素的相似度
    :param image1: 图片1
    :param image2: 图片2
    :param x: 位置x
    :param y: 位置y
    :return: 像素是否相同
    """
     # 取像素点
    pixel1 = image1.load()[x,y]
    pixel2 = image2.load()[x,y]
    # 偏差量等于60
    threshold = 60
    if abs(pixel1[0]-pixel2[0]) < threshold and abs(pixel1[1]-pixel2[1])<threshold and abs(pixel1[2]-pixel2[2])<threshold:
      return True
    else:
      return False
  def same_img(self,image,template):
    """
    识别相似的验证码
    :param image: 准备识别的验证码
    :param template: 模板
    :return:
    """
    # 相似度阈值
    threshold = 0.99
    count = 0
    # 匹配所有像素点
    for x in range(image.width):
      for y in range(image.height):
        # 判断像素
        if self.is_pixel_equal(image,template,x,y):
          count+=1
    result = float(count)/(image.width*image.height)
    if result>threshold:
      print('成功匹配')
      return True
    return False
  def move(self,numbers):
    """
    根据顺序拖动,此处接收的参数为前面的验证码的顺序列表
    :param numbers:
    :return:
    """
    # 获取四宫格的四个点
    circles = self.browser.find_elements_by_css_selector('.patt-wrap .patt-circ')
    print('-----------------',circles)
    dx = dy =0
    for index in range(4):
      circle = circles[numbers[index]-1]
      if index == 0:
        # 点击第一个点
        ActionChains(self.browser).move_to_element_with_offset(circle,circle.size['width']/2,circle.size['height']/2).click_and_hold().perform()
      else:
        # 慢慢移动
        times = 30
        for i in range(times):
          ActionChains(self.browser).move_by_offset(dx/times,dy/times).perform()
          time.sleep(1/times)
      if index == 3:
        # 松开鼠标
        ActionChains(self.browser).release().perform()
      else:
        # 计算下次的偏移
        dx = circles[numbers[index+1]-1].location['x'] - circle.location['x']
        dy = circles[numbers[index+1]-1].location['y'] - circle.location['y']
  def crack(self):
    """
    破解入口
    :return:
    """
    self.open()
    # 获取验证码图片
    image = self.get_image('captcha.png')
    numbers = self.detect_image(image)
    self.move(numbers)
    time.sleep(10)
    print('识别结束')
if __name__ == '__main__':
  crack = CrackWeiboSlide()
  crack.crack()

设置自己的账号密码即可实现。

有时候会匹配不上，图片相似度阈值达不到0.99以上，这个时候可能是我们收集的验证码图片过时了，重新开启图片收集程序，运行收集一下即可。

收集图片程序代码如下：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
import time
from PIL import Image
from io import BytesIO
from os import listdir
USERNAME = '18239831004'
PASSWORD = 'qweqweqwe'
class CrackWeiboSlide():
  def __init__(self):
    self.url = 'https://passport.weibo.cn/signin/login'
    self.browser = webdriver.Chrome()
    self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.browser,20)
    self.username = USERNAME
    self.password = PASSWORD
  def __del__(self):
    self.browser.close()
  def open(self):
    """
    打开网页输入用户名密码登录
    :return: None
    """
    self.browser.get(self.url)
    username = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'loginName')))
    password = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'loginPassword')))
    submit = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, 'loginAction')))
    username.send_keys(self.username)
    password.send_keys(self.password)
    submit.click()
  def get_position(self):
    """
    获取验证码的位置
    :return: 位置
    """
    try:
      img = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME,'patt-shadow')))
    except TimeoutException:
      print('未出现验证码')
      self.open()
    time.sleep(2)
    location = img.location
    size = img.size
    top=location['y']
    bottom = location['y']+size['height']
    left = location['x']
    right = location['x']+size['width']
    return (top,bottom,left,right)
  def get_screenshot(self):
    """
    获取截图
    :return:截图
    """
    screentshot = self.browser.get_screenshot_as_png()
    # BytesIO将网页截图转换成二进制
    screentshot = Image.open(BytesIO(screentshot))
    return screentshot
  def get_image(self,name):
    """获取验证码图片"""
    top,bottom,left,right = self.get_position()
    print('验证码位置',top,bottom,left,right)
    screenshot = self.get_screenshot()
    # crop()将图片裁剪出来,后面需要一个参数
    captcha = screenshot.crop((left,top,right,bottom))
    captcha.save(name)
    return captcha
  # 获取所有的验证码
  def main(self):
    count = 0
    while True:
      name = str(count)+'.png'
      self.open()
      self.get_image(name)
      count+=1
if __name__ == '__main__':
  crack = CrackWeiboSlide()
  crack.main()