spring管理事物的几种方式
前段时间对Spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。
总结如下：
Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。
DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。
根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：
第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理
<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aophttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
<beanid="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<propertyname="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
<propertyname="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
</bean>
<!--定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）-->
<beanid="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
<!--配置DAO-->
<beanid="userDaoTarget"class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
<propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
<beanid="userDao"
class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
<!--配置事务管理器-->
<propertyname="transactionManager"ref="transactionManager"/>
<propertyname="target"ref="userDaoTarget"/>
<propertyname="proxyInterfaces"value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao"/>
<!--配置事务属性-->
<propertyname="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<propkey="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类
<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aophttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
<beanid="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<propertyname="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
<propertyname="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
</bean>
<!--定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）-->
<beanid="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
<beanid="transactionBase"
class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
lazy-init="true"abstract="true">
<!--配置事务管理器-->
<propertyname="transactionManager"ref="transactionManager"/>
<!--配置事务属性-->
<propertyname="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<propkey="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!--配置DAO-->
<beanid="userDaoTarget"class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
<propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
<beanid="userDao"parent="transactionBase">
<propertyname="target"ref="userDaoTarget"/>
</bean>
</beans>
第三种方式：使用拦截器
<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aophttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
<beanid="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<propertyname="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
<propertyname="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
</bean>
<!--定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）-->
<beanid="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
<beanid="transactionInterceptor"
class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">
<propertyname="transactionManager"ref="transactionManager"/>
<!--配置事务属性-->
<propertyname="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<propkey="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<beanclass="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
<propertyname="beanNames">
<list>
<value>*Dao</value>
</list>
</property>
<propertyname="interceptorNames">
<list>
<value>transactionInterceptor</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<!--配置DAO-->
<beanid="userDao"class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
<propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
</beans>
第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器
<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aophttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/txhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
<context:annotation-config/>
<context:component-scanbase-package="com.bluesky"/>
<beanid="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<propertyname="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
<propertyname="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
</bean>
<!--定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）-->
<beanid="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
<tx:adviceid="txAdvice"transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:methodname="*"propagation="REQUIRED"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcutid="interceptorPointCuts"
expression="execution(*com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))"/>
<aop:advisoradvice-ref="txAdvice"
pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts"/>
</aop:config>
</beans>
第五种方式：全注解
<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aophttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/txhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
<context:annotation-config/>
<context:component-scanbase-package="com.bluesky"/>
<tx:annotation-driventransaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
<beanid="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<propertyname="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
<propertyname="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
</bean>
<!--定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）-->
<beanid="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
</beans>
此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下
packagecom.bluesky.spring.dao;
importjava.util.List;
importorg.hibernate.SessionFactory;
importorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
importorg.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
importorg.springframework.stereotype.Component;
importcom.bluesky.spring.domain.User;
@Transactional
@Component("userDao")
publicclassUserDaoImplextendsHibernateDaoSupportimplementsUserDao{
publicList<User>listUsers(){
returnthis.getSession().createQuery("fromUser").list();
}
}