MySQL常用函数汇总
一、数学函数
1.绝对值函数abs(value)
mysql> select abs(-120);
+-----------+
| abs(-120) |
+-----------+
| 120 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2.地板函数floor(value),获取小于value的最大整数
mysql> select floor(23.8);
+-------------+
| floor(23.8) |
+-------------+
| 23 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
3.天花板函数ceiling(value),获取大于value的最小整数
mysql> select ceiling(23.8);
+---------------+
| ceiling(23.8) |
+---------------+
| 24 |
+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
4.四舍五入函数round(value,position),四舍五入到小数点后几位
mysql> select round(23.27); --默认是0
+--------------+
| round(23.27) |
+--------------+
| 23 |
+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select round(23.27,1);
+----------------+
| round(23.27,1) |
+----------------+
| 23.3 |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
5.随机数函数rand(),获取0到1之间随机数
mysql> select rand();
+---------------------+
| rand() |
+---------------------+
| 0.12718137365503365 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
二、字符串函数
1.连接函数concat(str1,str2)
mysql> select concat('hello','world');
+-------------------------+
| concat('hello','world') |
+-------------------------+
| helloworld |
+-------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2.带分隔符的连接函数concat_ws(separator,str1,str2)
mysql> select concat_ws('#','hello','world');
+--------------------------------+
| concat_ws('#','hello','world') |
+--------------------------------+
| hello#world |
+--------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
3.字符串所占字节数length(str)
mysql> select length('helloworld我');
+------------------------+
| length('helloworld我') |
+------------------------+
| 12 |
+------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
4.字符串的字符个数char_length(str)
mysql> select char_length('helloworld我');
+-----------------------------+
| char_length('helloworld我') |
+-----------------------------+
| 12 |
+-----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
5.字符串判断函数
a. IF(exp1,exp2,exp3):若是exp1 为真,返回exp2;若是exp1为假,返回exp3
mysql> select if(2>1,'hello','world');
+-------------------------+
| if(2>1,'hello','world') |
+-------------------------+
| hello |
+-------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select if(null=1,'hello','world');
+----------------------------+
| if(null=1,'hello','world') |
+----------------------------+
| world |
+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.08 sec)
b. IFNULL(exp1,exp2):若是exp1 IS NOT NULL,返回exp1,否则返回exp2
mysql> select IFNULL('hello','world');
+-------------------------+
| IFNULL('hello','world') |
+-------------------------+
| hello |
+-------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select IFNULL(null,'world');
+----------------------+
| IFNULL(null,'world') |
+----------------------+
| world |
+----------------------+
1 row in set (0.06 sec)
c. NULLIF(exp1,exp2):若是exp1=exp2,返回NULL,否则返回exp1
mysql> select NULLIF('hello','hello');
+-------------------------+
| NULLIF('hello','hello') |
+-------------------------+
| NULL |
+-------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select NULLIF('hello','hello11');
+---------------------------+
| NULLIF('hello','hello11') |
+---------------------------+
| hello |
+---------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
6. 字符串转换函数
a. LTRIM(exp1):去掉exp1中字符串开头(LEFT)的空格
mysql> select LTRIM(' HELLO');
+------------------+
| LTRIM(' HELLO') |
+------------------+
| HELLO |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
b.RTRIM(exp1):去掉exp1中字符串结尾(RIGHT)的空格
mysql> select LTRIM(' HELLO ');
+--------------------------+
| LTRIM(' HELLO ') |
+--------------------------+
| HELLO |
+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
c.TRIM(exp1):去掉exp1中的开头和 结尾的空格
mysql> select TRIM(' HELLO ');
+-------------------------+
| TRIM(' HELLO ') |
+-------------------------+
| HELLO |
+-------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
7.字符串查找函数
a.SUBSTRING_INDEX(exp1,delim,count),其中exp1为字符串,delim为分割符号,count表示第几个风格符号
mysql> select substring_index('1121.qq..com','.',1);
+---------------------------------------+
| substring_index('1121.qq..com','.',1) |
+---------------------------------------+
| 1121 |
+---------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
b. SUBSTRING(exp1,pos,len): exp1为字符串,pos为位置,len为长度
mysql> select substring('1121.qq.com',1,9);
+------------------------------+
| substring('1121.qq.com',1,9) |
+------------------------------+
| 1121.qq.c |
+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
8.日期操作函数
日期格式转换函数
将字符串转换成日期方式,DATE_FORMAT() 或STR_TO_DATE(),两个函数的格式如下
DATE_FORMAT(expr1,format)
STR_TO_DATE(expr1, format)a
常用的日期格式YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS 对应的format为%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%S
日期运算函数
CURDATE():返回当天的日期,格式: YYYY-MM-DD
NOW():返回当下的日期时间,格式: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS
DATE_ADD(date,INTERVAL expr unit):expr 表达式,unit为单位,
例如:
DATE_ADD(‘2013-08-20’,INTERVAL -1 DAY),返回:2013-08-19
9.日期运算函数
MONTH(date):返回date的月份数,例如MONTY(‘2013-08-20’),返回:8
DAY(date):返回date的天数,例如DAY(‘2013-08-20’),返回:20
YEAR(date):返回date的年份数,例如YEAR(‘2013-08-20’),返回:2013
TO_DAYS(date):date对应的天数,例如TO_DAYS (‘2008-10-07’),返回:733687
WEEK(date):返回date对应周几,例如: WEEK(‘2013-08-20’),返回:2
DATEDIFF(date1,date2):返回date1-date2的天数差别,例如:
DATEDIFF(‘2013-08-20’,’2013-08-18 13:30:14’),返回:2
10.类型转换函数
CAST(expr AS type):expr转换成某类型
CONVERT(expr , type) : expr转换成某类型
CONVERT(expr USING transcoding_name):expr字符集转换成某字符集