MySQL备份与恢复之percona-xtrabackup软件的使用

一 使用percona-xtrabackup的原因

在前面，我们讲到MySQL冷备、热备、mysqldump、热拷贝、保证数据的一致性。因为mysql冷备、mysqldump、mysql热拷贝均不能实现增量备份，在实际环境中增量备份是使用较多的，percona-xtrabackup就是为实现增量备份而生，因此我们需要使用percona-xtrabackup。

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二 什么是percona-xtrabackup 

Percona XtraBackup is an open-source hot backup utility for MySQL -based servers that doesn’t lock your database during the backup.

It can back up data from InnoDB, XtraDB,and MyISAM tableson MySQL 5.1 [1], 5.5 and5.6 servers, as well as Percona Server with XtraDB.For a high-level overview of many of its advanced features, including a featurecomparison, please see AboutPercona Xtrabackup.

Whether it is a 24x7 highly loaded server or alow-transaction-volume environment, Percona XtraBackup isdesigned to make backups a seamless procedure without disrupting theperformance of the server in a production environment.Commercial support contracts areavailable.

Percona XtraBackup is a combination of the xtrabackup C program,and the innobackupex Perl script. The xtrabackupprogramcopies and manipulates InnoDB and XtraDB datafiles, and the Perl script enables enhanced functionality,such as interacting with a running MySQL server and backing up MyISAM tables.

三 软件及文档获取

软件获取

http://www.percona.com/software/percona-xtrabackup/downloads

http://download.csdn.net/detail/wentasy/6638171

文档获取

http://www.percona.com/doc/percona-xtrabackup/2.1/

http://download.csdn.net/detail/wentasy/6638029

四 软件使用讲解

注：本文采用的percona-xtrabackup版本为2.0.2，操作系统版本为RHEL 6.1 Server，MySQL版本为5.1

第一步，准备文件并拷贝文件

[root@larrywen ule-mysql]# ll percona-xtrabackup-2.0.2-461.rhel6.x86_64.rpm 
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3786628 Sep 10 13:45 percona-xtrabackup-2.0.2-461.rhel6.x86_64.rpm

[root@larrywen ule-mysql]# scp percona-xtrabackup-2.0.2-461.rhel6.x86_64.rpm 192.168.1.11:/opt

第二步，该软件需要依赖MySQL客户端，所以使用yum安装。注意，此处安装的只是MySQL的客户端，和本身使用源码安装的MySQL不冲突

[root@serv01 opt]# yum install percona-xtrabackup-2.0.2-461.rhel6.x86_64.rpm -y
Installed:
  percona-xtrabackup.x86_64 0:2.0.2-461.rhel6                                                                                         

Dependency Installed:
  mysql.x86_64 0:5.1.52-1.el6_0.1

第三步，初始化备份

[root@serv01 databackup]# innobackupex --user=root --password=123456 /databackup/
InnoDB Backup Utility v1.5.1-xtrabackup; Copyright 2003, 2009 Innobase Oy
and Percona Inc 2009-2012.  All Rights Reserved.

……
innobackupex: Backup created in directory '/databackup/2013-09-10_21-49-44'
innobackupex: MySQL binlog position: filename 'mysql-bin.000001', position 7312
130910 21:50:03  innobackupex: completed OK!

第四步，这样的备份文件无法使用，我们需要做统一检查

[root@serv01 databackup]# ll
total 4
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 4096 Sep 10 21:50 2013-09-10_21-49-44

#做统一检查
[root@serv01 databackup]# innobackupex --apply-log /databackup/2013-09-10_21-49-44/

InnoDB Backup Utility v1.5.1-xtrabackup; Copyright 2003, 2009 Innobase Oy
and Percona Inc 2009-2012.  All Rights Reserved.
……
xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1
130910 21:51:52  InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
130910 21:51:56  InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 2098188
130910 21:51:56  innobackupex: completed OK!

第五步，模拟数据丢失