Linux命令行大全
以下是转载：
Linux的命令行操作简洁效率高,就是数量有点多.
linuxguide.it整理了多达350条以上的Linux命令行命令,并给出了相应的说明可供您速查用.
无论是Linux新手还是老鸟都应该留一份备用,毕竟日常工作中我们不能带着参考书走.
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深度一等功臣勋章深度建设者勋章
沙发
发表于2008-1-703:23|只看该作者
LinuxCommandsLine-v1.0
COMMANDDESCRIPTION
Systeminformation
archshowarchitectureofmachine
uname-rshowusedkernelversion
dmidecode-qshowhardwaresystemcomponents-(SMBIOS/DMI)
hdaparm-i/dev/hdadisplaysthecharacteristicsofahard-disk
hdparm-tT/dev/sdaperformtestreadingonahard-disk
cat/proc/cpuinfoshowinformationCPUinfo
cat/proc/interruptsshowinterrupts
cat/proc/meminfoverifymemoryuse
cat/proc/swapsshowfile(s)swap
cat/proc/versionshowversionofthekernel
cat/proc/net/devshownetworkadptersandstatistics
cat/proc/mountsshowmountedfilesystem(s)
lspci-tvdisplayPCIdevices
lsusb-tvshowUSBdevices
dateshowsystemdate
cal2007showthetimetableof2007
date041217002007.00setdateandtime-MonthDayhoursMinutesYear.Secondi
clock-w
savechangesonBIOS
Shutdown,RestartofasystemandLogout
shutdown-hnowshutdownsystem
init0
shutdown-rhours:minutes&plannedshutdownofthesystem
shutdown-ccancelaplannedshutdownofthesystem
shutdown-rnowreboot
reboot
logoutleavingsession
FilesandDirectory
cd/homeentertodirectory'/home'
cd..gobackonelevel
cd../..gobacktwolevels
cdgotohomedirectory
cd~utentegotohomedirectory
cd-gotopreviousdirectory
pwdshowthepathofworkdirectory
lsviewfilesofdirectory
ls-Fviewfilesofdirectory
ls-lshowdetailsoffilesanddirectory
ls-ashowhiddenfiles
ls*[0-9]*showfilesanddirectorycontainingnumbers
lstreeshowfilesanddirectoriesinatreestartingfromroot
mkdirdir1createadirectorycalled'dir1'
mkdirdir1dir2createtwodirectoriessimultaneously
mkdir-p/tmp/dir1/dir2createadirectorytree
rm-ffile1deletefilecalled'file1'
rmdirdir1deletedirectorycalled'dir1'
rm-rfdir1removeadirectorycalled'dir1'andcontentsrecursively
rm-rfdir1dir2removetwodirectoriesandtheircontentsrecursively
mvdir1new_dirrename/moveafileordirectory
cpfile1file2copyingafile
cpdir/*.copyallfilesofadirectorywithinthecurrentworkdirectory
cp-a/tmp/dir1.copyadirectorywithinthecurrentworkdirectory
cp-adir1dir2copyadirectory
ln-sfile1lnk1createasymboliclinktofileordirectory
lnfile1lnk1createaphysicallinktofileordirectory
touch-t0712250000fileditestmodifytimestampofafileordirectory-(YYMMDDhhmm)
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深度一等功臣勋章深度建设者勋章
藤椅
发表于2008-1-703:24|只看该作者
Filesearch
find/-namefile1searchfileanddirectoryintorootfilesystemfrom'/'
find/-useruser1searchfilesanddirectoriesbelongingto'user1'
find/home/user1-name*.binsearchfileswith'.bin'extensionwithindirectory'/home/user1'
find/usr/bin-typef-atime+100searchbynaryfilesarenotusedinthelast100days
find/usr/bin-typef-mtime-10searchfilescreatedorchangedwithin10days
find/-name*.rpm-execchmod755{};searchfileswith'.rpm'extensionandmodifypermits
find/-name*.rpm-xdevsearchfileswith'.rpm'extensionignoringremovablepartitionsascdrom,pen-drive,etc.…
locate*.psfindfileswiththe'.ps'extension-firstrun'updatedb'command
whereishaltshowlocationofabinaryfile,sourceorman
whichhaltshowfullpathtoabinary/executable
linuxcommandslinev1.0-LinuxGuide.it
MountingaFilesystem
mount/dev/hda2/mnt/hda2mountdiskcalledhda2-verifyexistenceofthedirectory'/mnt/hda2'
umount/dev/hda2unmountdiskcalledhda2-exitfrommountpoint'/mnt/hda2'first
fuser-km/mnt/hda2forceumountwhenthedeviceisbusy
umount-n/mnt/hda2runumountwithoutwritingthefile/etc/mtab-usefulwhenthefileisread-onlyortheharddiskisfull
mount/dev/fd0/mnt/floppymountafloppydisk
mount/dev/cdrom/mnt/cdrommountacdrom/dvdrom
mount/dev/hdc/mnt/cdrecordermountacdrw/dvdrom
mount/dev/hdb/mnt/cdrecordermountacdrw/dvdrom
mount-oloopfile.iso/mnt/cdrommountafileorisoimage
mount-tvfat/dev/hda5/mnt/hda5mountaWindowsFAT32filesystem
mount/dev/sda1/mnt/usbdiskmountausbpen-driveorflash-drive
mount-tsmbfs-ousername=user,password=pass//winclient/share/mnt/sharemountawindowsnetworkshare
linuxcommandslinev1.0-LinuxGuide.it
DiskSpace
df-hshowlistofpartitionsmounted
ls-lSr|moreshowsizeofthefilesanddirectoriesorderedbysize
du-shdir1estimatespaceusedbydirectory'dir1'
du-sh*|sort-rnshowsizeofthefilesanddirectoriessortedbysize
rpm-q-a--qf'%10{SIZE}\t%{NAME}\n'|sort-k1,1nshowspaceusedbyrpmpackagesinstalledsortedbysize(fedora,redhatandlike)
dpkg-query-W-f='${Installed-Size;10}\t${Package}\n'|sort-k1,1nshowspaceusedbydebpackagesinstalledsortedbysize(ubuntu,debianandlike)
linuxcommandslinev1.0-LinuxGuide.it
UsersandGroups
groupaddgroup_namecreateanewgroup
groupdelgroup_namedeleteagroup
groupmod-nnew_group_nameold_group_namerenameagroup
useradd-c"NomeCognome"-gadmin-d/home/user1-s/bin/bashuser1createanewuserbelongs"admin"group
useradduser1createanewuser
userdel-ruser1deleteauser('-r'eliminateshomedirectory)
usermod-c"UserFTP"-gsystem-d/ftp/user1-s/bin/nologinuser1changeuserattributes
passwdchangepassword
passwduser1changeauserpassword(onlybyroot)
chage-E2005-12-31user1setdeadlineforuserpassword
pwckcheckcorrectsyntaxandfileformatof'/etc/passwd'andusersexistence
grpckcheckcorrectsyntaxandfileformatof'/etc/group'andgroupsexistence
newgrpgroup_namelogintoanewgrouptochangedefaultgroupofnewlycreatedfiles
aliashh='history'setanaliasforacommand-hh=history
linuxcommandslinev1.0-LinuxGuide.it
PermitsonFile-use"+"tosetpermissionsand"-"toremove
ls-lhshowpermits
ls/tmp|pr-T5-W$COLUMNSdivideterminalinto5columns
chmodugo+rwxdirectory1setpermissionsreading(r),write(w)and(x)accesstousersowner(u)group(g)andothers(o)
chmodgo-rwxdirectory1removepermitsreading(r),write(w)and(x)accesstousersgroup(g)andothers(or
chownuser1file1changeownerofafile
chownuser1-Rdirectory1changeuserownerofadirectoryandallthefilesanddirectoriescontainedinside
chgrpgruppo1file1changegroupoffiles
chownuser1:gruppo1file1changeuserandgroupownershipofafile
find/-perm-u+sviewallfilesonthesystemwithSUIDconfigured
chmodu+s/bin/file_eseguibilesetSUIDbitonabinaryfile-theuserthatrunningthatfilegetssameprivilegesasowner
chmodu-s/bin/file_binariodisableSUIDbitonabinaryfile
chmodg+s/home/publicsetSGIDbitonadirectory-similartoSUIDbutfordirectory
chmodg-s/home/publicdisableSGIDbitonadirectory
chmodo+t/home/comunesetSTIKYbitonadirectory-allowsfilesdeletiononlytolegitimateowners
chmodo-t/home/comunedisableSTIKYbitonadirectory
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深度一等功臣勋章深度建设者勋章
板凳
发表于2008-1-703:24|只看该作者
SpecialAttributesonfile-use"+"tosetpermissionsand"-"toremove
chattr+afile1allowswriteopeningofafileonlyappendmode
chattr+cfile1allowsthatafileiscompressed/decompressedautomaticallybythekernel
chattr+dfile1makessurethattheprogramignoresDumpthefilesduringbackup
chattr+ifile1makesitanimmutablefile,whichcannotberemoved,altered,renamedorlinked
chattr+sfile1allowsafiletobedeletedsafely
chattr+Sfile1makessurethatifafileismodifiedchangesarewritteninsynchronousmodeaswithsync
chattr+ufile1allowsyoutorecoverthecontentsofafileevenifitiscanceled
lsattrshowspecialsattributes
linuxcommandslinev1.0-LinuxGuide.it
Archivesandcompressedfiles
bunzip2file1.bz2decompressafilecalled'file1.bz2'
bzip2file1compressafilecalled'file1'
gunzipfile1.gzdecompressafilecalled'file1.gz'
gzipfile1compressafilecalled'file1'
gzip-9file1compresswithmaximumcompression
rarafile1.rartest_filecreateanarchiverarcalled'file1.rar'
rarafile1.rarfile1file2dir1compress'file1','file2'and'dir1'simultaneously
rarxfile1.rardecompressrararchive
unrarxfile1.rardecompressrararchive
tar-cvfarchive.tarfile1createauncompressedtarball
tar-cvfarchive.tarfile1file2dir1createanarchivecontaining'file1','file2'and'dir1'
tar-tfarchive.tarshowcontentsofanarchive
tar-xvfarchive.tarextractatarball
tar-xvfarchive.tar-C/tmpextractatarballinto/tmp
tar-cvfjarchive.tar.bz2dir1createatarballcompressedintobzip2
tar-xvfjarchive.tar.bz2decompressacompressedtararchiveinbzip2
tar-cvfzarchive.tar.gzdir1createatarballcompressedintogzip
tar-xvfzarchive.tar.gzdecompressacompressedtararchiveingzip
zipfile1.zipfile1createanarchivecompressedinzip
zip-rfile1.zipfile1file2dir1compressinzipseveralfilesanddirectoriessimultaneously
unzipfile1.zipdecompressaziparchive
linuxcommandslinev1.0-LinuxGuide.it
RPMPackages-Fedora,RedHatandlike
rpm-ivhpackage.rpminstallarpmpackage
rpm-ivh--nodeepspackage.rpminstallarpmpackageignoringdependenciesrequests
rpm-Upackage.rpmupgradearpmpackagewithoutchangingconfigurationfiles
rpm-Fpackage.rpmupgradearpmpackageonlyifitisalreadyinstalled
rpm-epackage_name.rpmremovearpmpackage
rpm-qashowallrpmpackagesinstalledonthesystem
rpm-qa|grephttpdshowallrpmpackageswiththename"httpd"
rpm-qipackage_nameobtaininformationonaspecificpackageinstalled
rpm-qg"SystemEnvironment/Daemons"showrpmpackagesofagroupsoftware
rpm-qlpackage_nameshowlistoffilesprovidedbyarpmpackageinstalled
rpm-qcpackage_nameshowlistofconfigurationfilesprovidedbyarpmpackageinstalled
rpm-qpackage_name--whatrequiresshowlistofdependenciesrequiredforarpmpacket
rpm-qpackage_name--whatprovidesshowcapabilityprovidedbyarpmpackage
rpm-qpackage_name--scriptsshowscriptsstartedduringinstallation/removal
rpm-qpackage_name--changelogshowhistoryofrevisionsofarpmpackage
rpm-qf/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.confverifywhichrpmpackagebelongstoagivenfile
rpm-qppackage.rpm-lshowlistoffilesprovidedbyarpmpackagenotyetinstalled
rpm--import/media/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEYimportpublic-keydigitalsignature
rpm--checksigpackage.rpmverifytheintegrityofarpmpackage
rpm-qagpg-pubkeyverifyintegrityofallrpmpackagesinstalled
rpm-Vpackage_namecheckfilesize,permissions,type,owner,group,MD5checksumandlastmodification
rpm-Vacheckallrpmpackagesinstalledonthesystem-usewithcaution
rpm-Vppackage.rpmverifyarpmpackagenotyetinstalled
rpm2cpiopackage.rpm|cpio--extract--make-directories*bin*extractexecutablefilefromarpmpackage
rpm-ivh/usr/src/redhat/RPMS/`arch`/package.rpminstallapackagebuiltfromarpmsource
rpmbuild--rebuildpackage_name.src.rpmbuildarpmpackagefromarpmsource
linuxcommandslinev1.0-LinuxGuide.it
YUMpackagesupdater-Fedora,RedHatandlike
yuminstallpackage_namedownloadandinstallarpmpackage
yumupdateupdateallrpmpackagesinstalledonthesystem
yumupdatepackage_nameupgradearpmpackage
yumremovepackage_nameremovearpmpackage
yumlistlistallpackagesinstalledonthesystem
yumsearchpackage_namefindapackageonrpmrepository
yumcleanpackagescleanuprpmcacheerasingdownloadedpackages
yumcleanheadersremoveallfilesheadersthatthesystemusestoresolvedependency
yumcleanallremovefromthecachepackagesandheadersfiles
linuxcommandslinev1.0-LinuxGuide.it
DEBpackages-Debian,Ubuntuandlike
dpkg-ipackage.debinstall/upgradeadebpackage
dpkg-rpackage_nameremoveadebpackagefromthesystem
dpkg-lshowalldebpackagesinstalledonthesystem
dpkg-l|grephttpdshowallrpmpackageswiththename"httpd"
dpkg-spackage_nameobtaininformationonaspecificpackageinstalledonsystem
dpkg-Lpackage_nameshowlistoffilesprovidedbyapackageinstalledonsystem
dpkg--contentspackage.debshowlistoffilesprovidedbyapackagenotyetinstalled
dpkg-S/bin/pingverifywhichpackagebelongstoagivenfile
linuxcommandslinev1.0-LinuxGuide.it
APTpackagesupdater-Debian,Ubuntuelike
apt-getinstallpackage_nameinstall/upgradeadebpackage
apt-cdrominstallpackage_nameinstall/upgradeadebpackagefromcdrom
apt-getupdateupdatealldebpackagesinstalledonsystem
apt-getremovepackage_nameremoveadebpackagefromsystem
apt-getcheckverifycorrectresolutionofdependencies
apt-getcleancleanupcachefrompackagesdownloaded
linuxcommandslinev1.0-LinuxGuide.it
Viewfilecontent
catfile1viewthecontentsofafilestartingfromthefirstrow
tacfile1viewthecontentsofafilestartingfromthelastline
morefile1viewcontentofafilealong
lessfile1similarto'more'commandbutwhichallowsbackwardmovementinthefileaswellasforwardmovement
head-2file1viewfirsttwolinesofafile
tail-2file1viewlasttwolinesofafile
tail-f/var/log/messagesviewinrealtimewhatisaddedtoafile
linuxcommandslinev1.0-LinuxGuide.it
TextManipulation
catfile_test|[operation:sed,grep,awk,grep,etc]>result.txtsyntaxtoelaboratethetextofafile,andwriteresulttoanewfile
catfile_originale|[operazione:sed,grep,awk,grep,etc]>>result.txtsyntaxtoelaboratethetextofafileandappendresultinexistingfile
grepAug/var/log/messageslookupwords"Aug"onfile'/var/log/messages'
grep^Aug/var/log/messageslookupwordsthatbeginwith"Aug"onfile'/var/log/messages'
grep[0-9]/var/log/messagesselectfromfile'/var/log/messages'alllinesthatcontainnumbers
grepAug-R/var/log/*searchstring"Aug"atdirectory'/var/log'andbelow
grepAug/var/log/messageswriteresultofasearchwithinafile
sed's/stringa1/stringa2/g'example.txtreplace"string1"with"string2"inexample.txt
sed'/^$/d'example.txtremoveallblanklinesfromexample.txt
sed'/*#/d;/^*$/d'example.txtremovecommentsandblanklinesfromexample.txt
echo'esempio'|tr'[:lower:]''[:upper:]'convertfromlowercaseinuppercase
sed-e'1d'result.txteliminatesthefirstlinefromfileexample.txt
sed-n'/stringa1/p'viewonlylinesthatcontaintheword"string1"
sed-e's/*$//'example.txtremoveemptycharactersattheendofeachrow
sed-e's/stringa1//g'example.txtremoveonlytheword"string1"fromtextandleaveintactall
sed-n'1,5p;5q'example.txtviewfrom1thto5throw
sed-n'5p;5q'example.txtviewrownumber5
sed-e's/00*/0/g'example.txtreplacemorezeroswithasinglezero
cat-nfile1numberrowofafile
catexample.txt|awk'NR%2==1'removeallevenlinesfromexample.txt
echoabc|awk'{print$1}'viewthefirstcolumnofaline
echoabc|awk'{print$1,$3}'viewthefirstandthirdcolumnofaline
pastefile1file2mergingcontentsoftwofilesforcolumns
paste-d'+'file1file2mergingcontentsoftwofilesforcolumnswith'+'delimiteronthecenter
sortfile1file2sortcontentsoftwofiles
sortfile1file2|uniqsortcontentsoftwofilesomittinglinesrepeated
sortfile1file2|uniq-usortcontentsoftwofilesbyviewingonlyuniqueline
sortfile1file2|uniq-dsortcontentsoftwofilesbyviewingonlyduplicateline
comm-1file1file2comparecontentsoftwofilesbydeletingonlyuniquelinesfrom'file1'
comm-2file1file2comparecontentsoftwofilesbydeletingonlyuniquelinesfrom'file2'
comm-3file1file2comparecontentsoftwofilesbydeletingonlythelinesthatappearonbothfiles
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深度一等功臣勋章深度建设者勋章
地板
发表于2008-1-703:25|只看该作者
CharactersetandFormatfileconversion
dos2unixfiledos.txtfileunix.txtconvertatextfileformatfromMSDOStoUNIX
unix2dosfileunix.txtfiledos.txtconvertatextfileformatfromUNIXtoMSDOS
recode..HTML<page.txt>page.htmlconvertatextfiletohtml
recode-l|moreshowallavailableformatsconversion
linuxcommandslinev1.0-LinuxGuide.it
FilesystemAnalysis
badblocks-v/dev/hda1checkbadblocksindiskhda1
fsck/dev/hda1repair/checkintegrityoflinuxfilesystemondiskhda1
fsck.ext2/dev/hda1repair/checkintegrityofext2filesystemondiskhda1
e2fsck/dev/hda1repair/checkintegrityofext2filesystemondiskhda1
e2fsck-j/dev/hda1repair/checkintegrityofext3filesystemondiskhda1
fsck.ext3/dev/hda1repair/checkintegrityofext3filesystemondiskhda1
fsck.vfat/dev/hda1repair/checkintegrityoffatfilesystemondiskhda1
fsck.msdos/dev/hda1repair/checkintegrityofdosfilesystemondiskhda1
dosfsck/dev/hda1repair/checkintegrityofdosfilesystemsondiskhda1
linuxcommandslinev1.0-LinuxGuide.it
FormataFilesystem
mkfs/dev/hda1createafilesystemtypelinuxonhda1partition
mke2fs/dev/hda1createafilesystemtypelinuxext2onhda1partition
mke2fs-j/dev/hda1createafilesystemtypelinuxext3(journal)onhda1partition
mkfs-tvfat32-F/dev/hda1createaFAT32filesystem
fdformat-n/dev/fd0formatafloppydisk
mkswap/dev/hda3createaswapfilesystem
linuxcommandslinev1.0-LinuxGuide.it
SWAPfilesystem
mkswap/dev/hda3createaswapfilesystem
swapon/dev/hda3activatinganewswappartition
swapon/dev/hda2/dev/hdb3activatetwoswappartitions
linuxcommandslinev1.0-LinuxGuide.it
Backup
dump-0aj-f/tmp/home0.bak/homemakeafullbackupofdirectory'/home'
dump-1aj-f/tmp/home0.bak/homemakeaincrementalbackupofdirectory'/home'
restore-if/tmp/home0.bakrestoringabackupinteractively
rsync-rogpav--delete/home/tmpsynchronizationbetweendirectories
rsync-rogpav-essh--delete/homeip_address:/tmprsyncviaSSHtunnel
rsync-az-essh--deleteip_addr:/home/public/home/localsynchronizealocaldirectorywitharemotedirectoryviasshandcompression
rsync-az-essh--delete/home/localip_addr:/home/publicsynchronizearemotedirectorywithalocaldirectoryviasshandcompression
ddbs=1Mif=/dev/hda|gzip|sshuser@ip_addr'ddof=hda.gz'makeabackupofalocalharddiskonremotehostviassh
tar-Pufbackup.tar/home/usermakeaincrementalbackupofdirectory'/home/user'
(cd/tmp/local/&&tarc.)|ssh-Cuser@ip_addr'cd/home/share/&&tarx-p'copycontentofadirectoryonremotedirectoryviassh
(tarc/home)|ssh-Cuser@ip_addr'cd/home/backup-home&&tarx-p'copyalocaldirectoryonremotedirectoryviassh
tarcf-.|(cd/tmp/backup;tarxf-)localcopypreservingpermitsandlinksfromadirectorytoanother
find/home/user1-name'*.txt'|xargscp-av--target-directory=/home/backup/--parentsfindandcopyallfileswith'.txt'extentionfromadirectorytoanother
find/var/log-name'*.log'|tarcv--files-from=-|bzip2>log.tar.bz2findallfileswith'.log'extentionandmakeanbziparchive
ddif=/dev/hdaof=/dev/fd0bs=512count=1makeacopyofMBR(MasterBootRecord)tofloppy
ddif=/dev/fd0of=/dev/hdabs=512count=1restoreMBRfrombackupcopysavedtofloppy
linuxcommandslinev1.0-LinuxGuide.it
CDROM
cdrecord-vgracetime=2dev=/dev/cdrom-ejectblank=fast-forcecleanarewritablecdrom
mkisofs/dev/cdrom>cd.isocreateanisoimageofcdromondisk
mkisofs/dev/cdrom|gzip>cd_iso.gzcreateacompressedisoimageofcdromondisk
mkisofs-J-allow-leading-dots-R-V"LabelCD"-iso-level4-o./cd.isodata_cdcreateanisoimageofadirectory
cdrecord-vdev=/dev/cdromcd.isoburnanISOimage
gzip-dccd_iso.gz|cdrecorddev=/dev/cdrom-burnacompressedISOimage
mount-oloopcd.iso/mnt/isomountanISOimage
cd-paranoia-BripaudiotracksfromaCDtowavfiles
cd-paranoia--"-3"ripfirstthreeaudiotracksfromaCDtowavfiles
cdrecord--scanbusscanbustoidentifythechannelscsi
linuxcommandslinev1.0-LinuxGuide.it
Networking-LANandWiFi
ifconfigeth0showconfigurationofanethernetnetworkcard
ifupeth0activateaninterface'eth0'
ifdowneth0disableaninterface'eth0'
ifconfigeth0192.168.1.1netmask255.255.255.0configureIPAddress
ifconfigeth0promiscconfigure'eth0'inpromiscuousmodetogatherpackets(sniffing)
dhclienteth0activeinterface'eth0'indhcpmode
route-nshowroutingtable
routeadd-net0/0gwIP_Gatewayconfiguradefaultgateway
routeadd-net192.168.0.0netmask255.255.0.0gw192.168.1.1configurestaticroutetoreachnetwork'192.168.0.0/16'
routedel0/0gwIP_gatewayremovestaticroute
echo"1">/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forwardactivateiprouting
hostnameshowhostname
hostwww.linuxguide.itlookuphostnametoresolvenametoipaddressandviceversa
iplinkshowshowlinkstatusofallinterfaces
mii-tooleth0showlinkstatusof'eth0'
ethtooleth0showstatisticsofnetworkcard'eth0'
netstat-tupshowallactivenetworkconnectionsandtheirPID
netstat-tuplshowallnetworkserviceslisteningonthesystemandtheirPID
tcpdumptcpport80showallHTTPtraffic
iwlistscanshowwirelessnetworks
iwconfigeth1showconfigurationofawirelessnetworkcard
linuxcommandslinev1.0-LinuxGuide.it
MicrosoftWindowsnetworks-SAMBA
nbtscanip_addrnetbiosnameresolution
nmblookup-Aip_addrnetbiosnameresolution
smbclient-Lip_addr/hostnameshowremotesharesofawindowshost
smbget-Rrsmb://ip_addr/sharelikewgetcandownloadfilesfromahostwindowsviasmb
mount-tsmbfs-ousername=user,password=pass//winclient/share/mnt/sharemountawindowsnetworkshare
linuxcommandslinev1.0-LinuxGuide.it
IPTABLES-firewall
iptables-tfilter-Lshowallchainsoffilteringtable
iptables-tnat-Lshowallchainsofnattable
iptables-tfilter-Fclearallrulesfromfilteringtable
iptables-tnat-Fclearallrulesfromtablenat
iptables-tfilter-Xdeleteanychainscreatedbyuser
iptables-tfilter-AINPUT-ptcp--dporttelnet-jACCEPTallowtelnetconnectionstoinput
iptables-tfilter-AOUTPUT-ptcp--dporthttp-jDROPblockHTTPconnectionstooutput
iptables-tfilter-AFORWARD-ptcp--dportpop3-jACCEPTallowPOP3connectionstoforwardchain
iptables-tfilter-AINPUT-jLOG--log-prefix"DROPINPUT"loggingsullachaindiinputLoggingonchaininput
iptables-tnat-APOSTROUTING-oeth0-jMASQUERADEconfigureaPAT(PortAddressTraslation)oneth0maskingoutboundpackets
iptables-tnat-APREROUTING-d192.168.0.1-ptcp-mtcp--dport22-jDNAT--to-destination10.0.0.2:22redirectpacketsaddressedtoahosttoanotherhost
linuxcommandslinev1.0-LinuxGuide.it
Monitoringanddebugging
topdisplaylinuxtasksusingmostcpu
ps-eafwdisplayslinuxtasks
ps-e-opid,args--forestdisplayslinuxtasksinahierarchicalmode
pstreemostraunalberodeiprocessisistemaShowsatreesystemprocesses
kill-9ID_Processoforceclosureoftheprocessandfinishit
kill-1ID_Processoforceaprocesstoreloadconfiguration
lsof-p$$displayalistoffilesopenedbyprocesses
lsof/home/user1displaysalistofopenfilesinagivenpathsystem
strace-cls>/dev/nulldisplaysystemcallsmadeandreceivedbyaprocess
strace-f-eopenls>/dev/nulldisplaylibrarycalls
watch-n1'cat/proc/interrupts'displayinterruptsinreal-time
lastrebootshowhistoryreboot
lsmoddisplaykernelloaded
free-mdisplaysstatusofRAMinmegabytes
smartctl-A/dev/hdamonitoringreliabilityofahard-diskthroughSMART
smartctl-i/dev/hdacheckifSMARTisactiveonahard-disk
tail/var/log/dmesgshoweventsinherenttotheprocessofbootingkernel
tail/var/log/messagesshowsystemevents
linuxcommandslinev1.0-LinuxGuide.it
Otherusefulcommands
mkbootdisk--device/dev/fd0`uname-r`createabootfloppy
gpg-cfile1encryptafilewithGNUPrivacyGuard
gpgfile1.gpgdecryptafilewithGNUPrivacyGuard
wget-rwww.example.comdownloadanentirewebsite
wget-cwww.example.com/file.isodownloadafilewiththeabilitytostopthedownloadandresumelater
echo'wget-cwww.example.com/files.iso'|at09:00startadownloadatanygiventime
lddsshshowsharedlibrariesrequiredbysshprogram