搭建webpack简易脚手架

Adelais

2019-06-30

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关键词 vue typescript webpack

本文是为下一篇《3分钟搞定 Vue + TypeScript开发》文章做的知识铺垫，文章结尾提供完整的github示例代码库。

准备

已经掌握vue开发的情况下，想体验一下TypeScript开发vue，可以通过以下过程配置一个脚手架。

1.阅读webpack官网文档 https://www.webpackjs.com/

webpack工作原理
- 入口起点(entry points)
- 输出(output)
- 模式(mode)
- loader
- 插件(plugins)
- 配置(configuration)
- 模块(modules)
- 模块解析(module resolution)
- 依赖图(dependency graph)
- manifest
- 构建目标(targets)
- 模块热替换(hot module replace)

2.阅读TypeScript官网文档 https://www.tslang.cn/docs/ho...

脚手架搭建了解辅导教程部分
- 5分钟上手TypeScript
- ASP.NET Core
- Gulp
- JavaScript迁移
- React & Webpack

3.阅读Vue官网文档

vue配置入门: https://cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide...

开始配置

npm < 5.x 建议升级到更高版本(当前稳定版本6.7.0), 或使用yarn来管理包

配置文件

完成准备工作后下面就要进行这3类文件的配置
- package.json
- webpack.config.js
- tsconfig.json
配置思路，渐进式配置避免过程中问题堆积，先让脚手架工作起来
- 首先要让webpack能运行起来
- 安装Vue框架, 配置Vue、TS编译所需的loader和plugins

让webpack运行起来

这是一个使webpack能工作的最小配置。

当写好一个webpack配置, 从最简单的一步开始感受一下webpack, 建立亲切感往后就容易多了。

webpack配置文件:

/**
 * @file ./config/webpack.config.js
 * @author CharlesYu01
 */

module.exports = {
  entry: './index.ts',
  mode: 'production'
};

编译执行结果：

$  webpack --config ./config/webpack.config.js
Hash: 067221c5690968574418
Version: webpack 4.29.0
Time: 86ms
Built at: 2019-01-26 14:05:49
  Asset       Size  Chunks             Chunk Names
main.js  930 bytes       0  [emitted]  main
Entrypoint main = main.js
[0] ./index.ts 0 bytes {0} [built]

可以看一下编译出来的内容，默认在./dist/main.js中。

ps：恩，你已经掌握了webpack最核心的玩法了，处理更复杂的工作时再去了解loader、plugins的原理。

用Vue+TS编写一个可浏览的页面

安装插件

// package.json 
// TODO: 掌握各插件的作用
...
"devDependencies": {
    "awesome-typescript-loader": "^5.2.1",
    "html-webpack-plugin": "^3.2.0",
    "source-map-loader": "^0.2.4",
    "ts-loader": "^5.3.3",
    "typescript": "^3.2.4",
    "vue-class-component": "^6.3.2",
    "vue-loader": "^15.6.1",
    "vue-tsx-support": "^2.2.2",
    "webpack": "^4.29.0",
    "webpack-cli": "^3.2.1",
    "webpack-dev-server": "^3.1.14"
},
"dependencies": {
    "vue": "^2.5.22",
    "vue-property-decorator": "^7.3.0"
}
...

webpack安装时如有异常，使用官网推荐方法 yarn add webpack --dev

添加html入口文件
有了编译产出的js，还需要将js引入到页面中，此时使用webpack plugins配置一个插件 html-webpack-plugin ，就可以完成html页面引入js的功能。
添加vue template 的编译能力 vue-loader
引用vue官网：
运行时 + 编译器 vs. 只包含运行时
如果你需要在客户端编译模板 (比如传入一个字符串给 template 选项，或挂载到一个元素上并以其 DOM 内部的 HTML 作为模板)，就将需要加上编译器，即完整版：

new Vue({
template: '<div>{{ hi }}</div>'
})
// 不需要编译器
new Vue({
render (h) {
return h('div', this.hi)
}
})
// 配置webpack.config.js
module.exports = {
resolve: {
alias: {
'vue$': 'vue/dist/vue.esm.js'
 }
}
}

添加一个可预览的webServer webpack-dev-server

devServer: {
      contentBase: '../dist',
      port: 9000
}

验证结果

1.用TypeScript实现一个Input组件
/example/vue-tsx/Input.tsx

import {VNode} from 'vue/types';
  import Component from 'vue-class-component';
  import * as Vue from 'vue-tsx-support';
  import { Prop } from 'vue-property-decorator';

  export interface InputProps   {
       placeholder: String
  }
  @Component
  export default class Input extends Vue.Component<InputProps,any> {
      [x: string]: any;
      text: any;
      input(e) {
          this.text = e.target.value
          this.$emit('input', e.target.value);
      }
      @Prop([String, Boolean]) value: string | boolean | undefined;
  
      data() {
        return {
          text: ''
        }
      }
          
      render() {
          return <input value={this.value} onInput={this.input}/>   
      }
  }

2.引用组件

new Vue({
  template: '<div>组件<Input value="" @input="input"/>{{message}}</div> ',
  data:{
      message:'hello Vue!'
  },
  methods:{
      input:function(e) {
         this.message = e.target.value;  
      }
  }
  }).$mount('#app');

3.预览

// 可以全量安装一次项目依赖
yarn install

yarn start
$ webpack-dev-server --config ./config/webpack.config.js
ℹ ｢wds｣: Project is running at http://localhost:9000/
ℹ ｢wds｣: webpack output is served from /
ℹ ｢wds｣: Content not from webpack is served from ../dist
ℹ ｢wdm｣: Hash: 9bf165f80a4d3c7600c0
Version: webpack 4.29.0
Time: 2129ms
Built at: 2019-01-26 19:49:49
     Asset       Size  Chunks             Chunk Names
./index.html  409 bytes          [emitted]
   main.js    662 KiB    main  [emitted]  main
  Entrypoint main = main.js
  [0] multi (webpack)-dev-server/client?http://localhost:9000 ./example/index.ts 40 bytes {main} [built]
  [./example/index.ts] 471 bytes {main} [built]
  [./node_modules/ansi-html/index.js] 4.16 KiB {main} [built]
  [./node_modules/ansi-regex/index.js] 135 bytes {main} [built]
  [./node_modules/events/events.js] 13.3 KiB {main} [built]
  [./node_modules/html-entities/index.js] 231 bytes {main} [built]
  [./node_modules/loglevel/lib/loglevel.js] 7.68 KiB {main} [built]
  [./node_modules/strip-ansi/index.js] 161 bytes {main} [built]
  [./node_modules/url/url.js] 22.8 KiB {main} [built]
  [./node_modules/vue/dist/vue.esm.js] 289 KiB {main} [built]
  [./node_modules/webpack-dev-server/client/index.js?http://localhost:9000] (webpack)-dev-server/client?http://localhost:9000 7.78 KiB {main} [built]
  [./node_modules/webpack-dev-server/client/overlay.js] (webpack)-dev-server/client/overlay.js 3.58 KiB {main} [built]
  [./node_modules/webpack-dev-server/client/socket.js] (webpack)-dev-server/client/socket.js 1.05 KiB {main} [built]
  [./node_modules/webpack/hot sync ^\.\/log$] (webpack)/hot sync nonrecursive ^\.\/log$ 170 bytes {main} [built]
  [./node_modules/webpack/hot/emitter.js] (webpack)/hot/emitter.js 75 bytes {main} [built]
      + 15 hidden modules
  Child html-webpack-plugin for "index.html":
       1 asset
      Entrypoint undefined = ./index.html
      [./node_modules/html-webpack-plugin/lib/loader.js!./example/index.html] 618 bytes {0} [built]
      [./node_modules/lodash/lodash.js] 527 KiB {0} [built]
      [./node_modules/webpack/buildin/global.js] (webpack)/buildin/global.js 472 bytes {0} [built]
      [./node_modules/webpack/buildin/module.js] (webpack)/buildin/module.js 497 bytes {0} [built]
  ℹ ｢wdm｣: Compiled successfully.