Linux Shell发邮件笔记

 

①安装所需软件包

RPM式系统（RedHat、CentOS）：

yum install -y sendmail

yum install -y sharutils

wget ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/mailutils/mailutils-2.2.tar.gz

tar -xzf mailutils-2.2.tar.gz

cd mailutils-2.2 ; ls

./configure

make && make install

DEB式系统（Debian、Ubuntu）：

apt-get install sendmail

apt-get install mailutils

apt-get install sharutils

 

②简单说明

DEB系统的apt提供了完整的源，可以直接简单安装；RPM系统中“mailutils”包需要手动下载源码编译安装。“sendmail”提供本地邮件配置和服务管理，“mailutils”提供各种格式和通信协议的邮件支持，“sharutils”提供附件传输。

Ubuntu安装完成后邮件服务（“sendmail”）默认已经启动了，CentOS则可能需要手动启动服务。可以通过查看进程列表确认是否需要手动启动服务。

ps aux | grep sendmail

service sendmail start

“sendmail”默认配置是支持本地邮件服务，要打开外网通信，需要修改一下配置文件“/etc/mail/sendmail.mc”，找到“127.0.0.1”，修改为“0.0.0.0”。

 

③发件示例

普通邮件

echo 邮件正文 | mail -s 邮件主题 -t 收件人

例：echo -e "我是一棵葱\n你是一颗蒜" | mail -s Hello -t …………@…….com

邮件内容来自文件

mail -s subject -t …………@…….com < file

例：mail -s Hello -t …………@…….com < 葱与蒜.txt

附件邮件

uuencode 原文件名 文件附件名 | mail -s subject -t …………@…….com

例：uuencode 葱与蒜.txt 葱与蒜.txt | mail -s subject -t …………@…….com

 

一个完整例子：

(echo -e "我是一棵葱\n" ; echo "你是一颗蒜" ; uuencode 葱.txt 葱.txt ; uuencode 蒜.txt 蒜.txt) | \

mail -s "Hello Gay" -t …………@163.com, …………@qq.com

 

作为脚本语言，Python也可以非常方便的进行发邮件[附2]。

 

附1：shell发邮件命令之mail

目前最常用的就是mail命令了。

(sudo apt-get install mailutils)

也可手动下载安装：http://mailutils.org/download.html 

简单一行命令实现发送邮件

echo 'content test' | mail -s "title test" -t  [email protected],[email protected],[email protected] From:[email protected] 

内容由文件导入

mail -s "sh mail test"  < file1.txt

带上附件

 (uuencode file1.txt file1.txt; uuencode file2.txt file2.txt) | mail -s "title test" -t  [email protected] 

内容 + 附件

(echo '1111111'; uuencode file1.txt file1.txt; uuencode file2.txt file2.txt) | mail -s "title test" -t  [email protected] 

多个内容 +多个 附件

(echo '1111111'; echo '22222222'; uuencode file1.txt file1.txt; uuencode file2.txt file2.txt) | mail -s "title test" -t  [email protected] 

Cent OS 系统上： 

下载安装mailutils

wget ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/mailutils/mailutils-2.2.tar.gz

解压进入

./configure

make && make install

yum install -y sendmail

yum install sharutils   # 使用带附件功能

service sendmail start 

查看sendmail启动没：   ps aux |grep sendmail

测试：echo 'content test' | mail -s "title test"  -t [email protected]

此时发觉只能给公司内部发邮件， 如果需要还能给外面的邮箱（比如我的qq邮箱）发邮件则还需要

vi  /etc/mail/sendmail.mc

找到包含Addr的这一行：

DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Family=inet,  Name=MTA-v4, Port=smtp, Addr=127.0.0.1')dnl

修改Addr=0.0.0.0  ，表明可以连接到任何服务器

/etc/mail/sendmail.mc

divert(-1)dnl  

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------  

# $Sendmail: debproto.mc,v 8.14.4 2014-02-11 13:02:08 cowboy Exp $  

#  

# Copyright (c) 1998-2010 Richard Nelson.  All Rights Reserved.  

#  

# cf/debian/sendmail.mc.  Generated from sendmail.mc.in by configure.  

#  

# sendmail.mc prototype config file for building Sendmail 8.14.4  

#  

# Note: the .in file supports 8.7.6 - 9.0.0, but the generated  

#   file is customized to the version noted above.  

#  

# This file is used to configure Sendmail for use with Debian systems.  

#  

# If you modify this file, you will have to regenerate /etc/mail/sendmail.cf  

# by running this file through the m4 preprocessor via one of the following:  

#   * make   (or make -C /etc/mail)  

#   * sendmailconfig  

#   * m4 /etc/mail/sendmail.mc > /etc/mail/sendmail.cf  

# The first two options are preferred as they will also update other files  

# that depend upon the contents of this file.  

#  

# The best documentation for this .mc file is:  

# /usr/share/doc/sendmail-doc/cf.README.gz  

#  

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------  

divert(0)dnl  

#  

#   Copyright (c) 1998-2005 Richard Nelson.  All Rights Reserved.  

#  

#  This file is used to configure Sendmail for use with Debian systems.  

#  

define(`_USE_ETC_MAIL_')dnl  

include(`/usr/share/sendmail/cf/m4/cf.m4')dnl  

VERSIONID(`$Id: sendmail.mc, v 8.14.4-4.1ubuntu1 2014-02-11 13:02:08 cowboy Exp $')  

OSTYPE(`debian')dnl  

DOMAIN(`debian-mta')dnl  

dnl # Items controlled by /etc/mail/sendmail.conf - DO NOT TOUCH HERE  

undefine(`confHOST_STATUS_DIRECTORY')dnl#DAEMON_HOSTSTATS=  

dnl # Items controlled by /etc/mail/sendmail.conf - DO NOT TOUCH HERE  

dnl #  

dnl # General defines  

dnl #  

dnl # SAFE_FILE_ENV: [undefined] If set, sendmail will do a chroot()  

dnl #   into this directory before writing files.  

dnl #   If *all* your user accounts are under /home then use that  

dnl #   instead - it will prevent any writes outside of /home !  

dnl #   define(`confSAFE_FILE_ENV', `')dnl  

dnl #  

dnl # Daemon options - restrict to servicing LOCALHOST ONLY !!!  

dnl # Remove `, Addr=' clauses to receive from any interface  

dnl # If you want to support IPv6, switch the commented/uncommentd lines  

dnl #  

FEATURE(`no_default_msa')dnl  

dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Family=inet6, Name=MTA-v6, Port=smtp, Addr=::1')dnl  

DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Family=inet,  Name=MTA-v4, Port=smtp, Addr=0.0.0.0')dnl  

dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Family=inet6, Name=MSP-v6, Port=submission, M=Ea, Addr=::1')dnl  

DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Family=inet,  Name=MSP-v4, Port=submission, M=Ea, Addr=127.0.0.1')dnl  

dnl #  

dnl # Be somewhat anal in what we allow  

define(`confPRIVACY_FLAGS',dnl  

dnl #  

dnl # Define connection throttling and window length  

define(`confCONNECTION_RATE_THROTTLE', `15')dnl  

define(`confCONNECTION_RATE_WINDOW_SIZE',`10m')dnl  

dnl #  

dnl # Features  

dnl #  

dnl # use /etc/mail/local-host-names  

FEATURE(`use_cw_file')dnl  

dnl #  

dnl # The access db is the basis for most of sendmail's checking  

FEATURE(`access_db', , `skip')dnl  

dnl #  

dnl # The greet_pause feature stops some automail bots - but check the  

dnl # provided access db for details on excluding localhosts...  

FEATURE(`greet_pause', `1000')dnl 1 seconds  

dnl #  

dnl # Delay_checks allows sender<->recipient checking  

FEATURE(`delay_checks', `friend', `n')dnl  

dnl #  

dnl # If we get too many bad recipients, slow things down...  

define(`confBAD_RCPT_THROTTLE',`3')dnl  

dnl #  

dnl # Stop connections that overflow our concurrent and time connection rates  

FEATURE(`conncontrol', `nodelay', `terminate')dnl  

FEATURE(`ratecontrol', `nodelay', `terminate')dnl  

dnl #  

dnl # If you're on a dialup link, you should enable this - so sendmail  

dnl # will not bring up the link (it will queue mail for later)  

dnl define(`confCON_EXPENSIVE',`True')dnl  

dnl #  

dnl # Dialup/LAN connection overrides  

dnl #  

include(`/etc/mail/m4/dialup.m4')dnl  

include(`/etc/mail/m4/provider.m4')dnl  

dnl #  

dnl # Default Mailer setup  

MAILER_DEFINITIONS  

MAILER(`local')dnl 

MAILER(`smtp')dnl

 

附2：【Python】一键式发邮件小脚本

工作中涉及到给客户定时发邮件，这里提供一个Python小脚本，单独放进一个py小文件，每次用时import一下非��简单方便。

# !/usr/bin/python

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

#

#

# create_author: 蛙鳜鸡鹳狸猿

# create_time  : 2016-10-10

# NOTICE       : *_*mail config*_*

#

#

import logging

import smtplib

from email import encoders

from email.mime.text import MIMEText

from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart

#

#

# class obj

class Mail():

def __init__(self, msg_from, msg_to, msg_subject, text, path_file, host, port, user, password):

self.msg_from    = msg_from         # 发件箱——————""

self.msg_to      = msg_to           # 收件箱——————["",""]

self.msg_subject = msg_subject      # 邮件主题————""

self.text        = text             # 邮件正文————""

self.path_file   = path_file        # 邮件附件————[{"path" : "", "name" : ""}, {"path" : "", "name" : ""}]

self.host        = host             # 服务器——————"smtp.163.com"

self.port        = port             # 端口号——————25

self.user        = user             # 发件箱用户———""

self.password    = password         # 发件箱密码————""

#

def __str__(self):

tranceback = "An e-mail from \"%s\" to \"%s\" under subject of \"%s\"…………" % (self.msg_from, self.msg_to, self.msg_subject)

return tranceback

#

def csmail(self):

msg = MIMEMultipart()

try:

msg['from']    = self.msg_from

msg['to']      = ','.join(self.msg_to)  # because of a BUG of smtplib

 msg['subject'] = self.msg_subject

msg.attach(MIMEText(self.text))

for i in self.path_file:

msg_attach  = MIMEText(open(i['path'], "rb").read(), "base64", "utf-8")

attach_name = i['name']

msg_attach.add_header("Content-Disposition", "attachment", filename=attach_name)

msg_attach["Content-Type"] = "application/octet-stream"

msg.attach(msg_attach)

except Exception , e:

logging.error("create email under subject \"%s\" failed! Detail: %s" % (self.msg_subject , e))

exit()

ser = smtplib.SMTP()

try:

ser.connect(host=self.host, port=self.port)

ser.login(user=self.user, password=self.password)

ser.sendmail(msg['from'], self.msg_to, msg.as_string())

ser.quit()

except Exception, e:

logging.error("send email under subject \"%s\" failed! Detail: %s" % (self.msg_subject , e))

exit()

以下是一个小示例。

MSG = {"msg_from"    : "……@163.com",

"msg_to"      : ["……@qq.com", "……@…….com"],

"msg_subject" : "Hello收件人",

"text"        : "测试邮件(generate by Python2.7.12)",

"path_file"   : [{"path" : moudle_base.rount() + "附件1" + moudle_base.curtime() + ".xlsx",

"name" : "附件1" + moudle_base.curtime() + ".xlsx"},

{"path" : moudle_base.rount() + "附件2" + moudle_base.curtime() + ".xlsx",

"name" : "附件2" + moudle_base.curtime() + ".xlsx"}],

"host"        : "smtp.163.com",

"port"        : 25,

"user"        : "……",

"password"    : "……"

}

mail = Mail(msg_from=MSG["msg_from"], msg_to=MSG["msg_to"], msg_subject=MSG["msg_subject"], text=MSG["text"], path_file=MSG["path_file"],

host=MSG["host"], port=MSG["port"], user=MSG["user"], password=MSG["password"])

print(mail)

mail.csmail()

也就是把所有的参数放进一个大字典，直接取用就可以了，非常一目了然。