C++赋值函数代码详解
作为一个经验丰富的编程人员,想必对C++编程语言一定有所了解。因为这一语言已经成为开发领域中一个重要的应用语言。下面大家可以根据本文对C++赋值函数的理解,进一步加深对C++语言的了解程度。
C++的拷贝函数和C++赋值函数既有联系又有区别,不细究的话很容易搞混,遂以小例示之如下,权作解惑之用。
C++赋值函数相关代码示例:
// test.cpp #include <iostream> #include <stdlib.h> #include <algorithm> using namespace std; class Book { public: Book(const char *name, const char*author, const double price): price(price) { this->name = new char[strlen(name)+1]; this->author = new char[strlen(author)+1]; strcpy(this->name, name); strcpy(this->author,author); } Book(const Book& book){ name = new char[strlen(book.name)+1]; author = new char[strlen(book.author)+1]; price = book.price; strcpy(name, book.name); strcpy(author, book.author); }
Book& operator=(const Book& rhs) { Book(rhs).swap(*this); // 先创建临时对象Book(rhs), 再调用下面的swap进行数据交换, // 注意与*this交换数据的是临时对象, rhs并未修改,只是swap // 结束后临时对象拥有了*this的数据, 而*this也拥有了由rhs // 构造的临时对象的数据, 临时对象生命期结束时,*this的数据 // 会被销毁。 return *this; } ~Book(){ delete[] name; delete[] author; } private: Book& swap(Book& rhs) { double temp = rhs.price; rhs.price = price; price = temp; std::swap(name, rhs.name); // std::swap()只是简单的交换指针的值 std::swap(author, rhs.author); return *this; } public: char* name; char* author; double price; }; int main() { Book a("The C++ standard library", "Nicolai M. Josuttis", 98); Book b = a; // 对象b不存在, 拷贝构造函数在这里被调用 Book c("Emacs Lisp manual", "stallman", 0); c = a; // c对象已经存在, C++赋值函数(operator=)在这里被调用 cout << a.name << endl; cout << a.author << endl; cout << a.price << endl << endl; cout << b.name << endl; cout << b.author << endl; cout << b.price << endl << endl; cout << c.name << endl; cout << c.author << endl; cout << c.price << endl; }
编译:
g++ -o test test.cpp
运行结果: