SpringBoot 2.X Kotlin系列之AOP统一打印日志
在开发项目中,我们经常会需要打印日志,这样方便开发人员了解接口调用情况及定位错误问题,很多时候对于Controller或者是Service的入参
和出参
需要打印日志,但是我们又不想重复的在每个方法里去使用logger
打印,这个时候希望有一个管理者统一来打印,这时Spring AOP就派上用场了,利用切面的思想,我们在进入、出入Controller或Service时给它切一刀
实现统一日志打印。
SpringAOP不仅可以实现在不产生新类的情况下打印日志,还可以管理事务、缓存等。具体可以了解官方文档。https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/spring-framework-reference/core.html#aop-api
基础概念
在使用SpringAOP,这里还是先简单讲解一些基本的知识吧,如果说的不对请及时指正,这里主要是根据官方文档来总结的。本章内容主要涉及的知识点。
Pointcut: 切入点,这里用于定义规则,进行方法的切入(形象的比喻就是一把刀)。
JoinPoint: 连接点,用于连接定义的切面。
Before: 在之前,在切入点方法执行之前。
AfterReturning: 在切入点方法结束并返回时执行。
这里除了SpringAOP相关的知识,还涉及到了线程相关的知识点,因为我们需要考虑多线程中它们各自需要保存自己的变量,所以就用到了ThreadLocal
。
依赖引入
这里主要是用到aop
和mongodb
,在pom.xml
文件中加入以下依赖即可:
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb</artifactId> </dependency>
相关实体类
/** * 请求日志实体,用于保存请求日志 */ @Document class WebLog { var id: String = "" var request: String? = null var response: String? = null var time: Long? = null var requestUrl: String? = null var requestIp: String? = null var startTime: Long? = null var endTime: Long? = null var method: String? = null override fun toString(): String { return ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(this) } } /** * 业务对象,上一章讲JPA中有定义 */ @Document class Student { @Id var id :String? = null var name :String? = null var age :Int? = 0 var gender :String? = null var sclass :String ?= null override fun toString(): String { return ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(this) } }
定义切面
定义切入点
/** * 定义一个切入,只要是为io.intodream..web下public修饰的方法都要切入 */ @Pointcut(value = "execution(public * io.intodream..web.*.*(..))") fun webLog() {}
定义切入点的表达式还可以使用within
、如:
/** * 表示在io.intodream.web包下的方法都会被切入 */ @Pointcut(value = "within(io.intodream.web..*")
定义一个连接点
/** * 切面的连接点,并声明在该连接点进入之前需要做的一些事情 */ @Before(value = "webLog()") @Throws(Throwable::class) fun doBefore(joinPoint: JoinPoint) { val webLog = WebLog() webLog.startTime = System.currentTimeMillis() val attributes = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes() as ServletRequestAttributes? val request = attributes!!.request val args = joinPoint.args val paramNames = (joinPoint.signature as CodeSignature).parameterNames val params = HashMap<String, Any>(args.size) for (i in args.indices) { if (args[i] !is BindingResult) { params[paramNames[i]] = args[i] } } webLog.id = UUID.randomUUID().toString() webLog.request = params.toString() webLog.requestUrl = request.requestURI.toString() webLog.requestIp = request.remoteAddr webLog.method = request.method webRequestLog.set(webLog) logger.info("REQUEST={} {}; SOURCE IP={}; ARGS={}", request.method, request.requestURL.toString(), request.remoteAddr, params) }
方法结束后执行
@AfterReturning(returning = "ret", pointcut = "webLog()") @Throws(Throwable::class) fun doAfterReturning(ret: Any) { val webLog = webRequestLog.get() webLog.response = ret.toString() webLog.endTime = System.currentTimeMillis() webLog.time = webLog.endTime!! - webLog.startTime!! logger.info("RESPONSE={}; SPEND TIME={}MS", ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(ret), webLog.time) logger.info("webLog:{}", webLog) webLogRepository.save(webLog) webRequestLog.remove() }
这里的主要思路是,在方法执行前,先记录详情的请求参数,请求方法,请求ip, 请求方式及进入时间,然后将对象放入到ThreadLocal
中,在方法结束后并取到对应的返回对象且计算出请求耗时,然后将请求日志保存到mongodb
中。
完成的代码
package io.intodream.kotlin07.aspect import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper import io.intodream.kotlin07.dao.WebLogRepository import io.intodream.kotlin07.entity.WebLog import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterReturning import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.CodeSignature import org.slf4j.Logger import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order import org.springframework.stereotype.Component import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextHolder import org.springframework.web.context.request.ServletRequestAttributes import java.util.* /** * {描述} * * @author [email protected] * @date 2019/4/10 19:06 * */ @Aspect @Order(5) @Component class WebLogAspect { private val logger:Logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WebLogAspect::class.java) private val webRequestLog: ThreadLocal<WebLog> = ThreadLocal() @Autowired lateinit var webLogRepository: WebLogRepository /** * 定义一个切入,只要是为io.intodream..web下public修饰的方法都要切入 */ @Pointcut(value = "execution(public * io.intodream..web.*.*(..))") fun webLog() {} /** * 切面的连接点,并声明在该连接点进入之前需要做的一些事情 */ @Before(value = "webLog()") @Throws(Throwable::class) fun doBefore(joinPoint: JoinPoint) { val webLog = WebLog() webLog.startTime = System.currentTimeMillis() val attributes = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes() as ServletRequestAttributes? val request = attributes!!.request val args = joinPoint.args val paramNames = (joinPoint.signature as CodeSignature).parameterNames val params = HashMap<String, Any>(args.size) for (i in args.indices) { if (args[i] !is BindingResult) { params[paramNames[i]] = args[i] } } webLog.id = UUID.randomUUID().toString() webLog.request = params.toString() webLog.requestUrl = request.requestURI.toString() webLog.requestIp = request.remoteAddr webLog.method = request.method webRequestLog.set(webLog) logger.info("REQUEST={} {}; SOURCE IP={}; ARGS={}", request.method, request.requestURL.toString(), request.remoteAddr, params) } @AfterReturning(returning = "ret", pointcut = "webLog()") @Throws(Throwable::class) fun doAfterReturning(ret: Any) { val webLog = webRequestLog.get() webLog.response = ret.toString() webLog.endTime = System.currentTimeMillis() webLog.time = webLog.endTime!! - webLog.startTime!! logger.info("RESPONSE={}; SPEND TIME={}MS", ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(ret), webLog.time) logger.info("webLog:{}", webLog) webLogRepository.save(webLog) webRequestLog.remove() } }
这里定义的是Web层的切面,对于Service层我也可以定义一个切面,但是对于Service层的进入和返回的日志我们可以把级别稍等调低一点,这里改debug
,具体实现如下:
package io.intodream.kotlin07.aspect import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterReturning import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.CodeSignature import org.slf4j.Logger import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order import org.springframework.stereotype.Component import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult /** * service层所有public修饰的方法调用返回日志 * * @author [email protected] * @date 2019/4/10 17:33 * */ @Aspect @Order(2) @Component class ServiceLogAspect { private val logger: Logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ServiceLogAspect::class.java) /** * */ @Pointcut(value = "execution(public * io.intodream..service.*.*(..))") private fun serviceLog(){} @Before(value = "serviceLog()") fun deBefore(joinPoint: JoinPoint) { val args = joinPoint.args val codeSignature = joinPoint.signature as CodeSignature val paramNames = codeSignature.parameterNames val params = HashMap<String, Any>(args.size).toMutableMap() for (i in args.indices) { if (args[i] !is BindingResult) { params[paramNames[i]] = args[i] } } logger.debug("CALL={}; ARGS={}", joinPoint.signature.name, params) } @AfterReturning(returning = "ret", pointcut = "serviceLog()") @Throws(Throwable::class) fun doAfterReturning(ret: Any) { logger.debug("RESPONSE={}", ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(ret)) } }
接口测试
这里就不在贴出Service层和web的代码实现了,因为我是拷贝之前将JPA那一章的代码,唯一不同的就是加入了切面,切面的加入并不影响原来的业务流程。
执行如下请求:
我们会在控制台看到如下日志
2019-04-14 19:32:27.208 INFO 4914 --- [nio-9000-exec-1] i.i.kotlin07.aspect.WebLogAspect : REQUEST=POST http://localhost:9000/api/student/; SOURCE IP=0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1; ARGS={student={"id":"5","name":"Rose","age":17,"gender":"Girl","sclass":"Second class"}} 2019-04-14 19:32:27.415 INFO 4914 --- [nio-9000-exec-1] org.mongodb.driver.connection : Opened connection [connectionId{localValue:2, serverValue:4}] to localhost:27017 2019-04-14 19:32:27.431 INFO 4914 --- [nio-9000-exec-1] i.i.kotlin07.aspect.WebLogAspect : RESPONSE={"id":"5","name":"Rose","age":17,"gender":"Girl","sclass":"Second class"}; SPEND TIME=239MS 2019-04-14 19:32:27.431 INFO 4914 --- [nio-9000-exec-1] i.i.kotlin07.aspect.WebLogAspect : webLog:{"id":"e7b0ca1b-0a71-4fa0-9f5f-95a29d4d54a1","request":"{student={\"id\":\"5\",\"name\":\"Rose\",\"age\":17,\"gender\":\"Girl\",\"sclass\":\"Second class\"}}","response":"{\"id\":\"5\",\"name\":\"Rose\",\"age\":17,\"gender\":\"Girl\",\"sclass\":\"Second class\"}","time":239,"requestUrl":"/api/student/","requestIp":"0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1","startTime":1555241547191,"endTime":1555241547430,"method":"POST"}
查看数据库会看到我们的请求日志已经写入了:
这里有一个地方需要注意,在Service层的实现,具体如下:
return studentRepository.findById(id).get()
这里的findById
会返回一个Optional<T>
对象,如果没有查到数据,我们使用get
获取数据会出现异常java.util.NoSuchElementException: No value present
,可以改为返回对象可以为空只要在返回类型后面加一个?
即可,同时调用Optional
的ifPresent
进行安全操作。