在 FreeBSD 10.2 上如何通过配置 Apache 和 SSL 安装 Bugzilla

Bugzilla 是一款开源的 Web 应用，用于 bug 跟踪系统和测试工具，由 mozilla 开发，并采用 Mozilla 公共许可证授权（MPL）。它经常被一些高科技公司如 mozilla、红帽公司和 gnome 使用。Bugzilla 起初由 Terry Weissman开发于1998年，它用 perl 语言编写，用 MySQL 作为后端数据库。它是一款旨在帮助管理软件开发的服务器软件，它有丰富的功能、高度优化的数据库、卓越的安全性、高级的搜索工具、集成了邮件功能等等。

在本教程中，我们将安装 bugzilla 5.0 ，采用 apache 作为 Web 服务器，并为它启用 SSL，然后在 freebsd 10.2 上安装 mysql 5.1 来作为数据库系统。

准备

• FreeBSD 10.2 - 64位
• Root 权限

第一步 - 更新系统

用 ssh 登录 freebsd 服务器，并更新软件库：

1. <span class="kwd">sudo</span><span class="kwd">su</span>
2. <span class="pln">freebsd</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">update fetch</span>
3. <span class="pln">freebsd</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">update install</span>

第二步 - 安装并配置 Apache

在这一步我们将使用 pkg 命令从 freebsd 软件库中安装 apache，然后在 apache24 目录下编辑 "httpd.conf" 文件，来配置 apache 以启用 SSL 和 CGI 支持。

用 pkg 命令安装 apache：

1. <span class="pln">pkg install apache24</span>

进入 apache 目录并用 nano 编辑器编辑"httpd.conf"文件：

1. <span class="kwd">cd</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">usr</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">local</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">apache24</span>
2. <span class="kwd">nano</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">c httpd</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">conf</span>

取消下面列出行的注释：

1. <span class="com">#第</span><span class="lit">70</span><span class="pun">行</span>
2. <span class="typ">LoadModule</span><span class="pln"> authn_socache_module libexec</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">apache24</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">mod_authn_socache</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">so</span>
3. <span class="com">#第</span><span class="lit">89</span><span class="pun">行</span>
4. <span class="typ">LoadModule</span><span class="pln"> socache_shmcb_module libexec</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">apache24</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">mod_socache_shmcb</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">so</span>
5. <span class="com">#第</span><span class="lit">117</span><span class="pun">行</span>
6. <span class="typ">LoadModule</span><span class="pln"> expires_module libexec</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">apache24</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">mod_expires</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">so</span>
7. <span class="com">#第</span><span class="lit">141</span><span class="pun">行，启用</span><span class="pln">SSL</span>
8. <span class="typ">LoadModule</span><span class="pln"> ssl_module libexec</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">apache24</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">mod_ssl</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">so</span>
9. <span class="com">#第</span><span class="lit">162</span><span class="pun">行，支持</span><span class="pln">cgi</span>
10. <span class="typ">LoadModule</span><span class="pln"> cgi_module libexec</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">apache24</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">mod_cgi</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">so</span>
11. <span class="com">#第</span><span class="lit">174</span><span class="pun">行，启用</span><span class="pln">mod_rewrite</span>
12. <span class="typ">LoadModule</span><span class="pln"> rewrite_module libexec</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">apache24</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">mod_rewrite</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">so</span>
13. <span class="com">#第</span><span class="lit">219</span><span class="pun">行，服务器名配置</span>
14. <span class="typ">ServerName</span><span class="lit">127.0</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="lit">0.1</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="lit">80</span>

保存并退出。

接着，我们需要从 freebsd 库中安装 mod perl，并启用它：

1. <span class="pln">pkg install ap24</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">mod_perl2</span>

启用 mod_perl，编辑"httpd.conf"文件并添加"Loadmodule"行：

1. <span class="kwd">nano</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">c httpd</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">conf</span>

添加该行：

1. <span class="com">#第</span><span class="lit">175</span><span class="pun">行</span>
2. <span class="typ">LoadModule</span><span class="pln"> perl_module libexec</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">apache24</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">mod_perl</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">so</span>

保存并退出。

在启用 apache 之前，用 sysrc 命令添加以下行作为开机启动项：

1. <span class="pln">sysrc apache24_enable</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="kwd">yes</span>
2. <span class="pln">service apache24 start</span>

第三步 - 安装并配置 MySQL 数据库

我们要用 mysql 5.1 来作为后端数据库并且支持 perl 模块。用 pkg 命令安装 mysql 5.1：

1. <span class="pln">pkg install p5</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">DBD</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">mysql51 mysql51</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">server mysql51</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">client</span>

现在我们要将 mysql 服务设置为开机启动，然后为 mysql 配置 root 密码。

运行以下命令来完成上述所有操作：

1. <span class="pln">sysrc mysql_enable</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="kwd">yes</span>
2. <span class="pln">service mysql</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">server start</span>
3. <span class="pln">mysqladmin </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">u root password aqwe123</span>

注意：

这里 mysql 密码为：aqwe123

Configure MySQL Password

以上步骤都完成之后，我们用 root 登录 mysql shell，然后为 bugzilla 安装创建一个新的数据库和用户。

用以下命令登录 mysql shell：

1. <span class="pln">mysql </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">u root </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">p</span>
2. <span class="pln">password</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> aqwe123</span>

添加数据库：

1. <span class="pln">create database bugzilladb</span><span class="pun">;</span>
2. <span class="pln">create user bugzillauser@localhost identified by </span><span class="str">'bugzillauser@'</span><span class="pun">;</span>
3. <span class="pln">grant all privileges on bugzilladb</span><span class="pun">.*</span><span class="pln"> to bugzillauser@localhost identified by </span><span class="str">'bugzillauser@'</span><span class="pun">;</span>
4. <span class="pln">flush privileges</span><span class="pun">;</span>
5. <span class="pln">\q</span>

Creating Database for Bugzilla

bugzilla 的数据库创建好了，名字为"bugzilladb"，用户名和密码分别为"bugzillauser"和"bugzillauser@"。

第四步 - 生成新的 SSL 证书

在 bugzilla 站点的 "ssl" 目录里生成新的自签名 SSL 证书。

前往 apache24 目录并在此创建新目录 "ssl"：

1. <span class="kwd">cd</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">usr</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">local</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">apache24</span><span class="pun">/</span>
2. <span class="kwd">mkdir</span><span class="pln"> ssl</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="kwd">cd</span><span class="pln"> ssl</span>

接着，用 openssl 命令生成证书文件，然后更改其权限：

1. <span class="kwd">sudo</span><span class="pln"> openssl req </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">x509 </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">nodes </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">days </span><span class="lit">365</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">newkey rsa</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="lit">2048</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">keyout </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">usr</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">local</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">apache24</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">ssl</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">bugzilla</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">key </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">out </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">usr</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">local</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">apache24</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">ssl</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">bugzilla</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">crt</span>
2. <span class="kwd">chmod</span><span class="lit">600</span><span class="pun">*</span>

第五步 - 配置虚拟主机

我们将在 "/usr/local/www/bugzilla" 目录里安装 bugzilla，所以我们必须为它创建新的虚拟主机配置。

前往 apache 目录并为虚拟主机文件创建名为 "vhost" 的新目录：

1. <span class="kwd">cd</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">usr</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">local</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">apache24</span><span class="pun">/</span>
2. <span class="kwd">mkdir</span><span class="pln"> vhost</span><span class="pun">;</span><span class="kwd">cd</span><span class="pln"> vhost</span>

现在为虚拟主机文件创建新文件 "bugzilla.conf"：

1. <span class="kwd">nano</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">c bugzilla</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">conf</span>

将以下配置粘贴进去：

1. <span class="tag"><VirtualHost</span><span class="pln"> *:80</span><span class="tag">></span>
2. <span class="pln">ServerName mybugzilla.me</span>
3. <span class="pln">ServerAlias www.mybuzilla.me</span>
4. <span class="pln">DocumentRoot /usr/local/www/bugzilla</span>
5. <span class="pln">Redirect permanent / https://mybugzilla.me/</span>
6. <span class="tag"></VirtualHost></span>
7. <span class="pln">Listen 443</span>
8. <span class="tag"><VirtualHost</span><span class="pln"> _</span><span class="atn">default_:443</span><span class="tag">></span>
9. <span class="pln">ServerName mybugzilla.me</span>
10. <span class="pln">DocumentRoot /usr/local/www/bugzilla</span>
11. <span class="pln">ErrorLog "/var/log/mybugzilla.me-error_log"</span>
12. <span class="pln">CustomLog "/var/log/mybugzilla.me-access_log" common</span>
13. <span class="pln">SSLEngine On</span>
14. <span class="pln">SSLCertificateFile /usr/local/etc/apache24/ssl/bugzilla.crt</span>
15. <span class="pln">SSLCertificateKeyFile /usr/local/etc/apache24/ssl/bugzilla.key</span>
16. <span class="tag"><Directory</span><span class="atv">"/usr/local/www/bugzilla"</span><span class="tag">></span>
17. <span class="pln">AddHandler cgi-script .cgi</span>
18. <span class="pln">Options +ExecCGI</span>
19. <span class="pln">DirectoryIndex index.cgi index.html</span>
20. <span class="pln">AllowOverride Limit FileInfo Indexes Options</span>
21. <span class="pln">Require all granted</span>
22. <span class="tag"></Directory></span>
23. <span class="tag"></VirtualHost></span>

保存并退出。

上述都完成之后，为 bugzilla 安装创建新目录，并在 httpd.conf 文件添加虚拟主机配置来启用 bugzilla虚拟主机。

在 "apache24" 目录下运行以下命令：

1. <span class="kwd">mkdir</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">p </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">usr</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">local</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">www</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">bugzilla</span>
2. <span class="kwd">cd</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">usr</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">local</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">apache24</span><span class="pun">/</span>
3. <span class="kwd">nano</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">c httpd</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">conf</span>

文末，添加以下配置：

1. <span class="typ">Include</span><span class="pln"> etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">apache24</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">vhost</span><span class="com">/*.conf</span>

保存并退出。

现在用 "apachectl" 命令测试一下 apache 的配置并重启它：

1. <span class="pln">apachectl configtest</span>
2. <span class="pln">service apache24 restart</span>

第六步 - 安装 Bugzilla

我们可以通过下载源来手动安装 bugzilla 了，或从 freebsd 库中安装也可以。在这一步中我们将用 pkg 命令从 freebsd 库中安装 bugzilla：

1. <span class="pln">pkg install bugzilla50</span>

以上步骤都完成之后，前往 bugzilla 安装目录并安装所有 bugzilla 需要的 perl 模块。

1. <span class="kwd">cd</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">usr</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">local</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">www</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">bugzilla</span>
2. <span class="pun">./</span><span class="pln">install</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="kwd">module</span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">all</span>

要等到所有都完成，这需要点时间。

下一步，在 bugzilla 的安装目录中执行 "checksetup.pl" 文件来生成配置文件 "localconfig"。

1. <span class="pun">./</span><span class="pln">checksetup</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">pl</span>

你会看到一条关于数据库配置错误的消息，你得用 nano 编辑器编辑一下 "localconfig" 文件：

1. <span class="kwd">nano</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">c localconfig</span>

现在添加第三步创建的数据库。

1. <span class="com">#第</span><span class="lit">57</span><span class="pun">行</span>
2. <span class="pln">$db_name </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="str">'bugzilladb'</span><span class="pun">;</span>
3. <span class="com">#第</span><span class="lit">60</span><span class="pun">行</span>
4. <span class="pln">$db_user </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="str">'bugzillauser'</span><span class="pun">;</span>
5. <span class="com">#第</span><span class="lit">67</span><span class="pun">行</span>
6. <span class="pln">$db_pass </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="str">'bugzillauser@'</span><span class="pun">;</span>

保存并退出。

然后再次运行 "checksetup.pl"：

1. <span class="pun">./</span><span class="pln">checksetup</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">pl</span>

你会收到输入邮箱名和管理员账号的提示，你只要输入你的邮箱、用户名和密码就行了。

Admin Setup

最后，我们需要把安装目录的属主改成 "www"，然后用服务命令重启 apache：

1. <span class="kwd">cd</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">usr</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">local</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">www</span><span class="pun">/</span>
2. <span class="kwd">chown</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">R www</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">www bugzilla</span>
3. <span class="pln">service apache24 restart</span>

现在 Bugzilla 已经安装好了，你可以通过访问 mybugzilla.me 来查看，并且将会重定向到 https 连接。

Bugzilla 首页：

Bugzilla Home

Bugzilla admin 面板：

Bugzilla Admin Page

结论

Bugzilla 是一个基于 web 的应用，并能帮助你管理软件开发，它用 perl 开发并以 MySQL 作为数据库系统。Bugzilla 帮助 mozilla、RedHat、gnome 等公司完成软件开发工作。Bugzilla 有很多功能并易于配置和安装。

Bugzilla 的详细介绍：请点这里
Bugzilla 的下载地址：请点这里

via: http://linoxide.com/tools/install-bugzilla-apache-ssl-freebsd-10-2/

作者：Arul 译者：ZTinoZ 校对：Caroline

本文由 LCTT 原创编译，Linux中国 荣誉推出