SpringBoot配置嵌入式的Servlet
SpringBoot默认使用Tomcat作为嵌入式的Servlet
问题?
1)、如何定制和修改Servlet容器的相关配置;
server.port=8081 server.context-path=/crud server.tomcat.uri-encoding=UTF-8 //通用的Servlet容器设置 server.xxx //Tomcat的设置 server.tomcat.xxx
注:在2.0之前的版本当中可以使用以下方式修改 Servlet (EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer 为 ServerProperties 父类)
@Bean //一定要将这个定制器加入到容器中 public EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer embeddedServletContainerCustomizer(){ return new EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer() { //定制嵌入式的Servlet容器相关的规则 @Override public void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) { container.setPort(8083); } }; }
2)、注册Servlet三大组件【Servlet、Filter、Listener】
由于SpringBoot默认是以jar包的方式启动嵌入式的Servlet容器来启动SpringBoot的web应用,没有web.xml文件。
注册三大组件用以下方式
ServletRegistrationBean
@Bean public ServletRegistrationBean myServlet(){ ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new MyServlet(),"/myServlet"); return registrationBean; }public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet { //处理get请求 @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { doPost(req,resp); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { resp.getWriter().write("Hello MyServlet"); }}
FilterRegistrationBean
@Bean public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter(){ FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean(); registrationBean.setFilter(new MyFilter()); registrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/hello","/myServlet")); return registrationBean; }public class MyFilter implements Filter { @Override public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { } @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { System.out.println("MyFilter process..."); chain.doFilter(request,response); } @Override public void destroy() { }}
ServletListenerRegistrationBean
@Bean public ServletListenerRegistrationBean myListener(){ ServletListenerRegistrationBean<MyListener> registrationBean = new ServletListenerRegistrationBean<>(new MyListener()); return registrationBean; }public class MyListener implements ServletContextListener { @Override public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) { System.out.println("contextInitialized...web应用启动"); } @Override public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) { System.out.println("contextDestroyed...当前web项目销毁"); }}
这种注册方式最好的例子(注册 DIspatcherServlet )
SpringBoot帮我们自动SpringMVC的时候,自动的注册SpringMVC的前端控制器;DIspatcherServlet;
DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration中:
@Bean( name = {"dispatcherServletRegistration"} ) @ConditionalOnBean( value = {DispatcherServlet.class}, name = {"dispatcherServlet"} ) public DispatcherServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet, WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties, ObjectProvider<MultipartConfigElement> multipartConfig) { //默认拦截: / 所有请求;包静态资源,但是不拦截jsp请求; /*会拦截jsp //可以通过 spring.mvc.servlet.path (之前版本是server.servletPath) 来修改SpringMVC前端控制器默认拦截的请求路径 DispatcherServletRegistrationBean registration = new DispatcherServletRegistrationBean(dispatcherServlet, webMvcProperties.getServlet().getPath()); registration.setName("dispatcherServlet"); registration.setLoadOnStartup(webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup()); multipartConfig.ifAvailable(registration::setMultipartConfig); return registration; }
2)、SpringBoot能不能支持其他的Servlet容器;
①
Spring Boot 的 web 项目默认使用嵌入式的 Tomcat 服务器,同时它也支持程序员自己切换 内置的 Servlet 容器,如 Jetty 、Undertow
Jetty 支持长连接,对于页面与服务器类似建立长连接聊天式的性能很好,
Undertow 高性能非阻塞的,并发性能非常好,但是不支持JSP
②
Tomcat 与 Undertow 对比
1、Tomcat 是 Apache 基金下的一个轻量级的 Servlet 容器,支持 Servlet 和 JSP。Tomcat 具有 Web 服务器特有的功能,包括 Tomcat 管理和控制平台、安全局管理和 Tomcat 阀等。Tomcat 本身包含了 HTTP 服务器,因此也可以视作单独的 Web 服务器。
2、但是,Tomcat 和 ApacheHTTP 服务器不是同一个东西,ApacheHTTP 服务器是用 C 语言实现的 HTTP Web 服务器。Tomcat 是完全免费的,深受开发者的喜爱。
3、Undertow 是 Red Hat 公司的开源产品, 它完全采用 Java 语言开发,是一款灵活的高性能 Web 服务器,支持阻塞 IO 和非阻塞 IO。由于 Undertow 采用 Java 语言开发,可以直接嵌入到 Java 项目中使用。同时,Undertow 完全支持 Servlet 和 Web Socket,在高并发情况下表现非常出色。
3)、替换为其他嵌入式Servlet容器
@Configuration( proxyBeanMethods = false ) @ConditionalOnWebApplication @EnableConfigurationProperties({ServerProperties.class}) public class EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration { public EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration() {
默认支持:
Tomcat(默认使用)
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency>引入web模块默认就是使用嵌入式的Tomcat作为Servlet容器;
Jetty
<!-- 引入web模块 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> <exclusions> <exclusion> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <!--引入其他的Servlet容器--> <dependency> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> </dependency>
Undertow
<!-- 引入web模块 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> <exclusions> <exclusion> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <!--引入其他的Servlet容器--> <dependency> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> </dependency>
4)、嵌入式Servlet容器自动配置原理;
注
springboot2.x前后在配置化 Servlet 容器的方式是不同的,
创建工厂之前容器属性的配置方式
①2.x之前采用后置处理器的方式
②2.x之后直接采用启用配置的方式
2.x之后的方式
@AutoConfigureOrder(-2147483648) @ConditionalOnClass({ServletRequest.class}) @ConditionalOnWebApplication( type = Type.SERVLET )//启动自动配置 @EnableConfigurationProperties({ServerProperties.class})//根据条件给容器中导入嵌入式的容器 @Import({ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration.BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class, EmbeddedTomcat.class, EmbeddedJetty.class, EmbeddedUndertow.class}) public class ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration { public ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration() { } @Bean public ServletWebServerFactoryCustomizer servletWebServerFactoryCustomizer(ServerProperties serverProperties) { return new ServletWebServerFactoryCustomizer(serverProperties); }以导入Tomcat为例,查看Tomcat依赖组件,如果满足则导入tomcat工厂,以此获取Tomcat容器 通过Tomcat工厂获取tomcat容器的代码如下 @Override public WebServer getWebServer(ServletContextInitializer... initializers) { if (this.disableMBeanRegistry) { Registry.disableRegistry(); } //创建一个Tomcat Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat(); File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null) ? this.baseDirectory : createTempDir("tomcat");//配置Tomcat的基本环节 tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath()); Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol); connector.setThrowOnFailure(true); tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector); customizeConnector(connector); tomcat.setConnector(connector); tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false); configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine()); for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) { tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector); } prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);//将配置好的Tomcat传入进去,返回一个 TomcatWebServer ;并且启动Tomcat服务器 return getTomcatWebServer(tomcat); }
启动tomcat的整个调用链路如下
protected TomcatWebServer getTomcatWebServer(Tomcat tomcat) { return new TomcatWebServer(tomcat, getPort() >= 0); } public TomcatWebServer(Tomcat tomcat, boolean autoStart) { Assert.notNull(tomcat, "Tomcat Server must not be null"); this.tomcat = tomcat; this.autoStart = autoStart; initialize(); } private void initialize() throws WebServerException { logger.info("Tomcat initialized with port(s): " + getPortsDescription(false)); synchronized (this.monitor) { try { addInstanceIdToEngineName(); Context context = findContext(); context.addLifecycleListener((event) -> { if (context.equals(event.getSource()) && Lifecycle.START_EVENT.equals(event.getType())) { // Remove service connectors so that protocol binding doesn‘t // happen when the service is started. removeServiceConnectors(); } }); // Start the server to trigger initialization listeners this.tomcat.start(); // We can re-throw failure exception directly in the main thread rethrowDeferredStartupExceptions(); try { ContextBindings.bindClassLoader(context, context.getNamingToken(), getClass().getClassLoader()); } catch (NamingException ex) { // Naming is not enabled. Continue } // Unlike Jetty, all Tomcat threads are daemon threads. We create a // blocking non-daemon to stop immediate shutdown startDaemonAwaitThread(); } catch (Exception ex) { stopSilently(); destroySilently(); throw new WebServerException("Unable to start embedded Tomcat", ex); } } }
2.0之后的启动步骤
配置文件初始化----》容器工厂的初始化
2.x之前的方式
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE) @Configuration @ConditionalOnWebApplication @Import(BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class) //导入BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar:Spring注解版;给容器中导入一些组件 //导入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor: //后置处理器:bean初始化前后(创建完对象,还没赋值赋值)执行初始化工作 public class EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration { @Configuration @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class })//判断当前是否引入了Tomcat依赖; @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)//判断当前容器没有用户自己定义EmbeddedServletContainerFactory:嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂;作用:创建嵌入式的Servlet容器 public static class EmbeddedTomcat { @Bean public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() { return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory(); } } /** * Nested configuration if Jetty is being used. */ @Configuration @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Server.class, Loader.class, WebAppContext.class }) @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT) public static class EmbeddedJetty { @Bean public JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory jettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() { return new JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory(); } } /** * Nested configuration if Undertow is being used. */ @Configuration @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Undertow.class, SslClientAuthMode.class }) @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT) public static class EmbeddedUndertow { @Bean public UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory undertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() { return new UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory(); } }
//初始化之前 @Override public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { //如果当前初始化的是一个ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer类型的组件 if (bean instanceof ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) { // postProcessBeforeInitialization((ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) bean); } return bean; } private void postProcessBeforeInitialization( ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer bean) { //获取所有的定制器,调用每一个定制器的customize方法来给Servlet容器进行属性赋值; for (EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer customizer : getCustomizers()) { customizer.customize(bean); } } private Collection<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer> getCustomizers() { if (this.customizers == null) { // Look up does not include the parent context this.customizers = new ArrayList<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer>( this.beanFactory //从容器中获取所有这葛类型的组件:EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer //定制Servlet容器,给容器中可以添加一个EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer类型的组件 .getBeansOfType(EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer.class, false, false) .values()); Collections.sort(this.customizers, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE); this.customizers = Collections.unmodifiableList(this.customizers); } return this.customizers; } ServerProperties也是定制器
2.x之前的初始化步骤:
1)、SpringBoot根据导入的依赖情况,给容器中添加相应的EmbeddedServletContainerFactory【TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory】
2)、容器中某个组件要创建对象就会惊动后置处理器;EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor;
只要是嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂,后置处理器就工作;
3)、后置处理器,从容器中获取所有的EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer,调用定制器的定制方法