一步步从零开始学习vue-router

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2019-06-27

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前言

一个包含 vue-router的简单demos，从第一个demo开始，依次深入学习，即可快速上手强大的vue-router。

如何使用

安装模块pure 或 http-server来启动服务器
npm install -g puer or npm install -g http-server
克隆仓库
启动服务
http-server -p 8000 or puer -p 8000,浏览器自动打开 localhost:8000

什么是`vue-router`

vue.js官方的路由，深度结合了vue.js核心内容，可以很方便的创建单页面应用(PWA)，具有如下特点:

嵌套路由/视图
模块化、基于组件的配置
路由参数、查询
与vue.js一样的视图过渡效果

github source

Demo 01 - start

一个快速上手vue-router的例子

index.html

<ul>
    <router-link to="/home" tag="li">
      <a>/home</a>
    </router-link>
    <router-link to="/about" tag="li">
      <a>/about</a>
    </router-link>
  </ul>
  
  <router-view></router-view>

js file

const Home = {template: '<div>Home page</div>'}
const About = {template: '<div>About page</div>'}
const router = new VueRouter({
  routes: [
    {path:'/home',component:Home},
    {path:'/about',component:About},
  ]
})
new Vue({
  router,
}).$mount('#app')

Demo 02 - dynamic router

动态路由匹配，匹配同一个路由下的子路由，如/about/xin和/about/mine,:id 为参数

index.html

<ul>
    <router-link to="/about/mint" tag="li">
      <a>/about/mint</a>
    </router-link>
    <router-link to="/about/xin" tag="li">
      <a>/about/xin</a>
    </router-link>
  </ul>
  
  <router-view></router-view>

js file

const About = {template: '<div>About page: {{$route.params.id}}</div>'}
const router = new VueRouter({
  routes: [
    {path:'/about/:id',component:About},
  ]
})
new Vue({
  router,
}).$mount('#app')

Demo 03 - nested router

嵌套路由

index.html

<ul>
    <router-link to="/" tag="li">
      <a>主页</a>
    </router-link>
    <router-link to="/about/mint" tag="li">
      <a>/about/mint</a>
    </router-link>
    <router-link to="/about/mint/profile" tag="li">
      <a>/about/mint/profile</a>
    </router-link>

    <router-link to="/about/xin" tag="li">
      <a>/about/xin</a>
    </router-link>
    <router-link to="/about/xin/edit" tag="li">
      <a>/about/xin/edit</a>
    </router-link>
  </ul>

  <router-view></router-view>

js file

const Home = {template: '<div>Home page</div>'}
const AboutProfile = {template: '<div>AboutProfile</div>'}
const AboutEdit = {template: '<div>AboutEdit</div>'}
const About = {
  template: `
  <div>
    {{$route.params.id}}
    <router-view></router-view>
  </div>
  `
}
const router = new VueRouter({
  routes: [
    {path:'/home',component:Home},
    {
      path:'/about/:id',
      component:About,
      children: [
        {path:'profile',component: AboutProfile,},
        {path:'edit',component: AboutEdit,}
      ]
    },
  ]
})
new Vue({
  router,
}).$mount('#app')

Demo 04 - nested router children router

嵌套路由，通过在一个路由里面设置children，即可嵌套路由，子路由下的嵌套设置与主路由的设置是一样的

index.html

<ul>
    <router-link to="/about" tag="li">
      <a>About</a>
    </router-link>
    <router-link to="/user" tag="li">
      <a>User</a>
    </router-link>
  </ul>
  <div>
    <router-view></router-view>
  </div>

js file

const About = {
  template: `<div>About</div>`
}
const User = {
  template: `
    <div>
      <h2>user-{{ $route.params.id }}</h2> 
      <router-view></router-view>
    </div>
  `
}
const UserStart = {
  template: `
    <div>
      <router-link to="/user/xin" tag="li">
        <a>user-xin</a>
      </router-link>
      <router-link to="/user/mint" tag="li">
        <a>user-mint</a>
      </router-link>
    </div>
  `
}
const UserProfile = {
  // /user/xin
  template: `
    <div>
      <router-link to="/user/xin/edit" tag="li">
        <a>user-xin-edit</a>
      </router-link>
      <router-link to="/user/mint/edit" tag="li">
        <a>user-mint-edit</a>
      </router-link>
    </div>
  `
}
const router = new VueRouter({
  routes: [
    {path: '/about', component: About},
    {path: '/user', component: User,
      children: [
        {path: '', component: UserStart},
        {path: ':id', component: UserProfile},
    ]}
  ]
})
new Vue({
  router,
}).$mount('#app')

Demo 05 - nested router with query params

嵌套路由，带查询参数，$route.query下为所查询的参数，通过:to绑定参数，与to功能一致

index.html

<ul>
    <router-link to="/about" tag="li">
      <a>About</a>
    </router-link>
    <router-link to="/user" tag="li">
      <a>User</a>
    </router-link>
  </ul>
  <div>
    <router-view></router-view>
  </div>

js file

const About = {
  template: `<div>About</div>`
}
const User = {
  template: `
    <div>
     <h2>user-{{ $route.params.id }}</h2>
      <router-view></router-view>
    </div>
  `
}
const UserStart = {
  template: `
    <div>
      <router-link to="/user/xin" tag="li">
        <a>user-xin</a>
      </router-link>
      <router-link to="/user/mint" tag="li">
        <a>user-mint</a>
      </router-link>
      <router-view></router-view>
    </div>
  `
}
const UserProfile = {
  // /user/xin
  data() {
    return {
      id: this.$route.params.id,
    }
  },
  template: `
    <div>
      <p>id: {{id}}</p>
      <router-link tag="button" :to="{name: 'userEdit',params:{id},query:{local:'zh-cn',limit:100}}">
        edit
      </router-link>
    </div>
  `
}
const UserEdit = {
  // /user/xin/edit
  template: `
    <div>
      <p>local: {{$route.query.local}}</p>
      <p>limit: {{$route.query.limit}}</p>
    </div>
  `
}
const router = new VueRouter({
  routes: [
    {path: '/about', component: About},
    {path: '/user', component: User,
      children: [
        {path: '', component: UserStart},
        {path: ':id', component: UserProfile},
        {path: ':id/edit', component: UserEdit,name:'userEdit'},
    ]}
  ]
})

Demo 06 - programed nav router

this.$router.push('/')与 <router-link to="/"> </router-link>功能一致

index.html

<ul>
    <router-link to="/about/mint" tag="li">
      <a>/about/mint</a>
    </router-link>
    <router-link to="/about/xin" tag="li">
      <a>/about/xin</a>
    </router-link>
  </ul>
  <button @click="nav2home">home</button>
  
  <router-view></router-view>

js file

const Home = {
  template: `
  <div>Home page</div>
  `,
}
const About = {template: '<div>About page: {{$route.params.id}}</div>'}
const router = new VueRouter({
  routes: [
    {path:'/home',component:Home},
    {path:'/about/:id',component:About},
  ]
})
new Vue({
  router,
  methods: {
    nav2home() {
      this.$router.push('/')
    }
  }
}).$mount('#app')

Demo 07 - named router

可以通过给路由命名，并通过绑定属性:to的方式来定义路由

index.html

<ul>
      <router-link :to="{name: 'user',params:{userId:26}}" tag="li">
        <a>/user/26</a>
      </router-link>
    <router-link to="/about/mint" tag="li">
      <a>/about/mint</a>
    </router-link>
    <router-link to="/about/xin" tag="li">
      <a>/about/xin</a>
    </router-link>
  </ul>
  <button @click="nav2home">home</button>
  
  <router-view></router-view>

js file

const User = {
  template: `
  <div>user page</div>
  `,
}
const About = {template: '<div>About page: {{$route.params.id}}</div>'}
const router = new VueRouter({
  routes: [
    {
      path:'/user/:userId',
      component: User,
      name: 'user'
    },
    {path:'/about/:id',component:About},
  ]
})
new Vue({
  router,
  methods: {
    nav2home() {
      console.log(this.$router);
      this.$router.push('/')
    }
  }
}).$mount('#app')

Demo 08 - named views

命名视图，可以指定多个<router-view>来渲染显示视图，并可设置默认视图

index.html

<ul>
     <router-link to="/" tag="li"><a>/</a></router-link>
     <router-link to="/my" tag="li"><a>/my</a></router-link>
  </ul>
  
  <router-view class="view"></router-view>
  <router-view class="view" name="a"></router-view>
  <router-view class="view" name="b"></router-view>

js file

const Dasiy = {template: `<div>1. Daisy</div>`};
const Lily = {template: `<div>2. Lily</div>`};
const Violet = {template: `<div>3. Violet</div>`};
const router = new VueRouter({
  routes: [{
    path: '/',
    components: {
      default: Dasiy, // default router
      a: Lily,
      b: Violet,
    }
  },
  {
    path: '/my',
    components: {
      default: Lily, // default router
      a: Violet,
      b: Dasiy,
    }
  }]
})
router.push('/')
new Vue({
  router,
}).$mount('#app')

Demo 09 - named views with nested router

嵌套路由中使用命名视图

index.html

<div class="router-view">
     <router-view></router-view>
   </div>

js file

const Navbar = {
  template: `
  <div>
    <router-link to="/user/phone">phone</router-link>
    <router-link to="/user/email">email</router-link>
  </div>
  `
}
// 添加了普通组件nav
const UserDetail = {
  template: `
    <div>
      <Navbar></Navbar>
      <router-view ></router-view>
      <!-- 下面这个不一定会渲染-->
      <router-view name="help"></router-view>
    </div>
  `,
  components: {Navbar}
}
// 路由匹配 /user/phone
const UserPhone = {
  template: `
    <div>
      My phone
    </div>
  `
}
// 路由匹配 /user/email
const UserEmail = {
  template: `
    <div>
      My email
    </div>
  `
}
const UserEmailhelp = {
  template: `
    <div>
      My email help
    </div>
  `
}
const router = new VueRouter({
  routes: [
    {
      path: '/user',
      component: UserDetail,
      children: [
        {path: 'phone', component: UserPhone},
        {
          path: 'email',
          // 路由匹配到/user/email时，当有多个router-view时
          // 将会根据视图的别名分别进行渲染，没有别名渲染默认的模板
          components: {
            default: UserEmail,
            help: UserEmailhelp,
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
})
router.push('/user')
new Vue({
  router,
}).$mount('#app')

Demo 10 - redirect

路由的重定向，访问/about将会跳转到/xin

index.html

<ul>
    <router-link to="/about" tag="li">
      <a>/about => /xin</a>
    </router-link>
  </ul>
  
  <router-view></router-view>

js file

const About = {template: '<div>About page</div>'}
const Xin = {template: '<div>Xin page</div>'}
const router = new VueRouter({
  routes: [
    {path:'/about',redirect: '/xin'},
    {path:'/xin',component:Xin},
  ]
})
router.push('/')
new Vue({
  router,
}).$mount('#app')

Demo 11 - alais

路由的别名,访问/about与/xin的内容是一样的，共用一个组件

index.html

<ul>
    <router-link to="/about" tag="li">
      <a>/about</a>
    </router-link>
    <router-link to="/xin" tag="li">
      <a>/xin</a>
    </router-link>
  </ul>
  
  <router-view></router-view>

js file

const About = {template: '<div>About page</div>'}
const Xin = {template: '<div>Xin page</div>'}
const router = new VueRouter({
  routes: [
    {path: '/about', component: About, alias: '/xin'}
  ]
})
router.push('/')
new Vue({
  router,
}).$mount('#app')

vue-router 路由