Zookeeper简介及安装(一)

1 Zookeeper入门
1.1 概述
Zookeeper是一个开源的分布式的，为分布式应用提供协调服务的Apache项目。

1.2 特点

1.3 数据结构

1.4 应用场景
提供的服务包括：统一命名服务、统一配置管理、统一集群管理、服务器节点动态上下线、软负载均衡等。

统一命名服务

 统一配置管理

统一集群管理

服务器节点动态上下线

 软负载均衡

2 Zookeeper安装
2.1 本地模式安装部署
1．安装前准备
（1）安装Jdk
（2）拷贝Zookeeper安装包到Linux系统下
（3）解压到指定目录

[ mnt]# mkdir /opt/module/
[ mnt]# tar -zxvf zookeeper-3.4.10.tar.gz -C /opt/module/
zookeeper-3.4.10/
zookeeper-3.4.10/LICENSE.txt
zookeeper-3.4.10/lib/
zookeeper-3.4.10/lib/log4j-1.2.16.LICENSE.txt
zookeeper-3.4.10/lib/cobertura/
zookeeper-3.4.10/lib/cobertura/README.txt
zookeeper-3.4.10/lib/jline-0.9.94.LICENSE.txt

2．配置修改
（1）将/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/conf这个路径下的zoo_sample.cfg修改为zoo.cfg；

[ conf]# mv zoo_sample.cfg zoo.cfg
[ conf]# vim zoo.cfg

（2）打开zoo.cfg文件，修改dataDir路径：
修改如下内容：
dataDir=/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/zkData
（3）在/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/这个目录上创建zkData文件夹

[ conf]# mkdir /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/zkData

3．操作Zookeeper
（1）启动Zookeeper

[ zookeeper-3.4.10]# bin/zkServer.sh start
ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default
Using config: /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Starting zookeeper ... STARTED

（2）查看状态：

[ zookeeper-3.4.10]#  bin/zkServer.sh status
ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default
Using config: /opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Mode: standalone
[root@topcheer zookeeper-3.4.10]#

（4）启动客户端：

[ zookeeper-3.4.10]# bin/zkCli.sh
Connecting to localhost:2181
2019-12-17 21:42:58,170 [myid:] - INFO  [main:] - Client environment:zookeeper.version=3.4.10-39d3a4f269333c922ed3db283be479f9deacaa0f, built on 03/23/2017 10:13 GMT
2019-12-17 21:42:58,185 [myid:] - INFO  [main:] - Client environment:host.name=topcheer
2019-12-17 21:42:58,186 [myid:] - INFO  [main:] - Client environment:java.version=1.8.0_181
2019-12-17 21:42:58,194 [myid:] - INFO  [main:] - Client environment:java.vendor=Oracle Corporation
2019-12-17 21:42:58,194 [myid:] - INFO  [main:] - Client environment:java.home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.181-7.b13.el7.x86_64/jre
2019-12-17 21:42:58,194 [myid:] - INFO  [main:] - Client environment:java.class.path=/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../build/classes:/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../build/lib/*.jar:/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.6.1.jar:/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../lib/slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar:/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../lib/netty-3.10.5.Final.jar:/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../lib/log4j-1.2.16.jar:/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../lib/jline-0.9.94.jar:/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../zookeeper-3.4.10.jar:/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../src/java/lib/*.jar:/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10/bin/../conf:
2019-12-17 21:42:58,195 [myid:] - INFO  [main:] - Client environment:java.library.path=/usr/java/packages/lib/amd64:/usr/lib64:/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib
2019-12-17 21:42:58,195 [myid:] - INFO  [main:] - Client environment:java.io.tmpdir=/tmp
2019-12-17 21:42:58,195 [myid:] - INFO  [main:] - Client environment:java.compiler=<NA>
2019-12-17 21:42:58,195 [myid:] - INFO  [main:] - Client environment:os.name=Linux
2019-12-17 21:42:58,195 [myid:] - INFO  [main:] - Client environment:os.arch=amd64
2019-12-17 21:42:58,196 [myid:] - INFO  [main:] - Client environment:os.version=3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
2019-12-17 21:42:58,196 [myid:] - INFO  [main:] - Client environment:user.name=root
2019-12-17 21:42:58,196 [myid:] - INFO  [main:] - Client environment:user.home=/root
2019-12-17 21:42:58,196 [myid:] - INFO  [main:] - Client environment:user.dir=/opt/module/zookeeper-3.4.10
2019-12-17 21:42:58,198 [myid:] - INFO  [main:] - Initiating client connection, connectString=localhost:2181 sessionTimeout=30000 watcher=org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeperMain$MyWatcher@277050dc
Welcome to ZooKeeper!
2019-12-17 21:42:58,240 [myid:] - INFO  [main-SendThread(localhost:2181):ClientCnxn$SendThread@1032] - Opening socket connection to server localhost/127.0.0.1:2181. Will not attempt to authenticate using SASL (unknown error)
JLine support is enabled
2019-12-17 21:42:58,392 [myid:] - INFO  [main-SendThread(localhost:2181):ClientCnxn$SendThread@876] - Socket connection established to localhost/127.0.0.1:2181, initiating session
2019-12-17 21:42:58,467 [myid:] - INFO  [main-SendThread(localhost:2181):ClientCnxn$SendThread@1299] - Session establishment complete on server localhost/127.0.0.1:2181, sessionid = 0x16f140b9b8f0000, negotiated timeout = 30000

WATCHER::

WatchedEvent state:SyncConnected type:None path:null
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0]

（5）退出客户端：

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] quit
Quitting...
2019-12-17 21:43:32,790 [myid:] - INFO  [main:] - Session: 0x16f140b9b8f0000 closed
2019-12-17 21:43:32,793 [myid:] - INFO  [main-EventThread:ClientCnxn$EventThread@519] - EventThread shut down for session: 0x16f140b9b8f0000
[root@topcheer zookeeper-3.4.10]#

（6）停止Zookeeper

[ zookeeper-3.4.10]# bin/zkServer.sh stop

2.2 配置参数解读
Zookeeper中的配置文件zoo.cfg中参数含义解读如下：
1．tickTime =2000：通信心跳数，Zookeeper服务器与客户端心跳时间，单位毫秒
Zookeeper使用的基本时间，服务器之间或客户端与服务器之间维持心跳的时间间隔，也就是每个tickTime时间就会发送一个心跳，时间单位为毫秒。
它用于心跳机制，并且设置最小的session超时时间为两倍心跳时间。(session的最小超时时间是2*tickTime)
2．initLimit =10：LF初始通信时限
集群中的Follower跟随者服务器与Leader领导者服务器之间初始连接时能容忍的最多心跳数（tickTime的数量），用它来限定集群中的Zookeeper服务器连接到Leader的时限。
3．syncLimit =5：LF同步通信时限
集群中Leader与Follower之间的最大响应时间单位，假如响应超过syncLimit * tickTime，Leader认为Follwer死掉，从服务器列表中删除Follwer。
4．dataDir：数据文件目录+数据持久化路径
主要用于保存Zookeeper中的数据。
5．clientPort =2181：客户端连接端口
监听客户端连接的端口。