python-线程三（锁）

锁：可以保证线程同步和线程安全

1）Lock锁

方式1：Lock
from threading import Thread, Lock
import threading


def run(lock, num): 
    lock.acquire()  # 获得锁
    threadName = threading.current_thread().getName()  # 取得当前线程的线程名
    print("%s, Hello Num: %s" %(threadName, num))
    lock.release()  # 释放锁


if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: 
    lock = Lock()  # 创建一个共享锁实例
    for num in range(20):
        Thread(name=‘Thread-%s‘ % str(num), target=run, args=(lock, num)).start()


# 方式2
import threading
import time
data = 0
lock = threading.Lock()  # 创建一个锁对象


def func():
    global data
    print("%s acquire lock...\n" % threading.currentThread().getName())
    if lock.acquire():
        print("%s get lock...\n" % threading.currentThread().getName())
        data += 1  # must lock
        time.sleep(2)  # 其它操作
        print("%s release lock...\n" % threading.currentThread().getName())  # 调用release()将释放锁
        lock.release()


startTime = time.time()
t1 = threading.Thread(target=func)
t2 = threading.Thread(target=func)
t3 = threading.Thread(target=func)
t1.start()
t2.start()
t3.start()
t1.join()
t2.join()
t3.join()
endTime = time.time()
print("used time is", endTime - startTime)

2)Semaphore锁

from threading import Thread, Lock
import threading
import time


def worker(s, i):
    s.acquire()
    print(threading.current_thread().name + " acquire")
    time.sleep(i)
    print(threading.current_thread().name + " release")
    s.release()

    
if __name__ == "__main__":
    # 设置限制最多3个线程同时访问共享资源
    s = threading.Semaphore(3)
    for i in range(5):
        t = Thread(target=worker, args=(s, i * 2))
        t.start()

死锁

import threading 
import time
lock1 = threading.Lock() 
lock2 = threading.Lock() 
print(lock1, lock2)


class T1(threading.Thread): 
    def __init__(self, name):
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        self.t_name = name
        
    def run(self):
        lock1.acquire()
        time.sleep(1)   # 睡眠的目的是让线程2获得调度，得到第二把锁
        print(‘in thread T1‘,self.t_name)
        time.sleep(2)
        lock2.acquire()  # 线程1请求第二把锁
        print(‘in lock l2 of T1‘)
        lock2.release()
        lock1.release()


class T2(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self, name):
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        self.t_name = name
        
    def run(self):
        lock2.acquire()
        time.sleep(2)  # 睡眠的目的是让线程1获得调度，得到第一把锁
        print(‘in thread T2‘,self.t_name)
        lock1.acquire()  # 线程2请求第一把锁
        print(‘in lock l1 of T2‘)
        lock1.release()
        lock2.release()
        
        
def test():
    thread1 = T1(‘A‘)
    thread2 = T2(‘B‘)
    thread1.start()
    thread2.start()
    
    
if __name__== ‘__main__‘:
    test()# 伪代码：