OGG实现两台Oracle数据库的同步

今天通过最简单的一个例子,给大家讲解下 goldengate 实现两台Oracle数据库的同步。
内容如下:
1.配置数据库信息。
2.安装golden gate.
3.配置golden gate.
4.测试同步情况

首先我们看看实验环境

环境

源端是一个单实例
Oracle Enterprise 5 + ORACLE 10.2.0.4
IP :10.4.128.100 

目标端是一个单实例
Oracle Enterprise 5 + ORACLE 10.2.0.4
IP :10.4.128.101

两台主机均已创建数据库,sid分别为devdb 和 emrep

配置devdb 到 emrep的数据同步

goldengate版本11.2.1.0

1.配置数据库信息

 

在源端数据库中打开归档模式

 

SQL> archive log list

Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            /u01/archive1
Oldest online log sequence     180
Next log sequence to archive   181
Current log sequence           181

若处于非归档模式,则改为归档模式:
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
SQL> alter database archivelog;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.

 

在源端数据库中打开force logging

 

SQL> select force_logging from v$database;
FOR
---
NO
SQL> alter database force logging;
Database altered.
SQL> select force_logging from v$database;
FOR
---
YES 

在源端数据库中打开supplemental log

SQL> select supplemental_log_data_min from v$database;

SUPPLEME
--------
NO

SQL> alter database add supplemental log data;

Database altered.
切换日志,使更改生效
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.

SQL> select supplemental_log_data_min from v$database;

SUPPLEME
--------
YES 

 

在源端数据库中关闭回收站


官方的说明是,由于一个已知的问题,回收站会对DDL触发器产生影响,因此需要关闭。由此可见,我们只需要在源库中关闭回收站即可。

SQL> show parameter recyclebin

NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
recyclebin string on


SQL> alter system set recyclebin=off;

System altered.

SQL> show parameter recyclebin

NAME TYPE                                VALUE
------------------------------------ -------------------------------
recyclebin string                          OFF

 

创建goldengate数据库用户(源和目标)

 

注意:源和目标端都需要

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Jan 9 11:56:28 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 32bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> create tablespace goldengate;

Tablespace created.

SQL> create user goldengate identified by goldengate default tablespace goldengate;

User created.

SQL> grant connect,resource to goldengate;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> grant execute on utl_file to goldengate;

Grant succeeded.

SQL>


抽取进程使用的数据库用户需要额外的权限,我们将这些权限也授予数据库用户goldengate(在源端数据库中执行)

SQL> exec dbms_streams_auth.grant_admin_privilege('GOLDENGATE');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> grant insert on system.logmnr_restart_ckpt$ to goldengate;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> grant update on sys.streams$_capture_process to goldengate;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> grant become user to goldengate;

Grant succeeded.

SQL>

为了确保GoldenGate正常运行,特别是在目标端,赋予goldengate用户DBA权限:
SQL> grant dba to goldengate;

 

2.GoldenGate安装环境

 

 

解压goldengate安装文件到安装目录

 

安装GoldenGate软件很简单,解压即可
以goldengate用户登录
[goldengate@rac1 goldengateMedia]$ mkdir /opt/gg/goldengate、
[goldengate@rac1 goldengateMedia]$ cp ggs_Linux_ora10g_.tar /opt/gg/goldengate
[goldengate@rac1 goldengateMedia]$ cd /opt/gg/goldengate
[goldengate@rac1 goldengate]$ tar -xvf ggs_Linux_ora10g.tar

 

 

配置环境变量

 

源端和目标端:
修改goldengate用户的环境变量配置文件(ORACLE_SID按实际情况修改)
cat>>/home/goldengate/.bashrc<<EOF
ORACLE_HOME=/opt/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=devdb
export ORACLE_SID
GG_HOME=/opt/gg/goldengate
export GG_HOME
PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$GG_HOME:\$PATH
export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/lib:\$GG_HOME:\$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
EOF
应用刚刚修改的环境变量,然后进入GoldenGate安装目录,执行ldd ggsci,确定需要的库文件都能够找到。如果出现共享库文件无法找到,例如libnnz10.so => not found,检查LD_LIBRARY_PATH环境变量的设置
[goldengate@ggdb goldengate]$ source ~/.bashrc
[goldengate@ggdb goldengate]$ cd $GG_HOME
[goldengate@ggdb goldengate]$ ldd ggsci
我们可以认为ogg的安装其实就是一个解压。非常简单。

3.配置goldengate

创建goldengate工作目录

源端和目标端:

[goldengate@rac1 goldengate]$ cd $GG_HOME
[goldengate@rac1 goldengate]$ ./ggsci

GGSCI (rac1) 1> create subdirs

Creating subdirectories under current directory /opt/gg/goldengate

Parameter files /opt/gg/goldengate/dirprm: created
Report files /opt/gg/goldengate/dirrpt: created
Checkpoint files /opt/gg/goldengate/dirchk: created
……

GGSCI (gg1) 2> exit

创建trail文件存放目录

源和目标端:

[goldengate@rac1 ~]$ mkdir /opt/gg/trails
[goldengate@rac1 ~]$ ls -l /opt/gg | grep trails

配置MANAGER

 

源端和目标端:

DYNAMICPORTLIST中配置了GoldenGate(extract和replicat)进程使用的端口范围
PORT参数指定MANAGER使用的端口
AUTORESTART参数使抽取/复制进程失败后自动重启
配置MANAGER的参数,PURGEOLDEXTRACTS参数指定:当根据checkpoint发现已经完成抽取和复制的trail文件将被自动删除,但保留最近10个。
PURGEDDLHISTORY和PURGEMARKERHISTORY分别删除DDL历史表和marker表中的过期数据,以控制它们不会变得过于庞大。

GGSCI (gg1) 1> edit params mgr

PORT 5898
PURGEOLDEXTRACTS /opt/gg/trails/w1*, USECHECKPOINTS, MINKEEPFILES 10
AUTORESTART ER *, RETRIES 3, WAITMINUTES 5
PURGEDDLHISTORY MINKEEPDAYS 3, MAXKEEPDAYS 5, FREQUENCYMINUTES 30
PURGEMARKERHISTORY MINKEEPDAYS 3, MAXKEEPDAYS 5, FREQUENCYMINUTES 30


全局参数设置


源端:

GGSCI (rac1) 2> edit params ./globals
GGSCHEMA goldengate

目标端:

创建一个checkpoint表
replicat通过这个表来维护trail文件中的read position。这不是个必须的操作,如果没有这个表,则通过一个磁盘文件来维护

GGSCI (ggdb) 2> dblogin userid goldengate,password goldengate
Successfully logged into database.

GGSCI (ggdb) 3> add checkpointtable goldengate.chkpoint

Successfully created checkpoint table GOLDENGATE.CHKPOINT.

GGSCI (ggdb) 4> edit params ./globals

GGSCHEMA goldengate
CHECKPOINTTABLE goldengate.chkpoint

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