怎样在 Ubuntu 下安装 Moodle(魔灯)
这是一篇关于如何在 Ubuntu 16.04 上安装 Moodle (“魔灯”)的逐步指南。Moodle (模块化面向对象动态学习环境Modular-object-oriented dynamic learning environment的缩写)是一种自由而开源的学习管理系统,为教师、学生和管理员提供个性化的学习环境。Moodle 由 Moodle 项目创建,由 Moodle 总部统一领导和协调。
Moodle 有很多非常实用的功能,比如:
- 现代和易于使用的界面
- 个性化仪表盘
- 协作工具和活动
- 一体式日历
- 简单的文本编辑器
- 进度跟踪
- 公告
- 不胜枚举…
在本教程中,我们将指导您在 Ubuntu 16.04 VPS 上利用 Apache web 服务器、MySQL 和 PHP 7 安装最新版本的 Moodle。(LCTT 译注:在 Ubuntu 的后继版本上的安装也类似。)
1、 通过 SSH 登录
首先,利用 root 用户通过 SSH 登录到 Ubuntu 16.04 VPS:
<span class="kwd">ssh</span><span class="pln"> root@IP_Address </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">p </span><span class="typ">Port_number</span>
2、 更新操作系统软件包
运行以下命令更新系统软件包并安装一些依赖软件:
<span class="kwd">apt-get</span><span class="pln"> update </span><span class="pun">&&</span><span class="kwd">apt-get</span><span class="pln"> upgrade</span>
<span class="kwd">apt-get</span><span class="pln"> install </span><span class="kwd">git</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">core graphviz aspell</span>
3、 安装 Apache Web 服务器
利用下面命令,从 Ubuntu 软件仓库安装 Apache Web 服务器:
<span class="kwd">apt-get</span><span class="pln"> install apache2</span>
4、 启动 Apache Web 服务器
一旦安装完毕,启动 Apache 并使它能够在系统启动时自动启动,利用下面命令:
<span class="kwd">systemctl</span><span class="pln"> enable apache2</span>
5、 安装 PHP 7
接下来,我们将安装 PHP 7 和 Moodle 所需的一些额外的 PHP 模块,命令是:
<span class="kwd">apt-get</span><span class="pln"> install php7</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pln"> libapache2</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">mod</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">php7</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pln"> php7</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">pspell php7</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">curl php7</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">gd php7</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">intl php7</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">mysql php7</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">xml php7</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">xmlrpc php7</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">ldap php7</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">zip</span>
6、 安装和配置 MySQL 数据库服务器
Moodle 将大部分数据存储在数据库中,所以我们将利用以下命令安装 MySQL 数据库服务器:
<span class="kwd">apt-get</span><span class="pln"> install mysql</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">client mysql</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">server</span>
安装完成后,运行 mysql_secure_installation
脚本配置 MySQL 的 root
密码以确保 MySQL 安全。
以 root
用户登录到 MySQL 服务器,并为 Moodle 创建一个数据库以及能访问它的用户,以下是具体操作指令:
<span class="pln">mysql </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">u root </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">p</span>
<span class="pln">mysql</span><span class="pun">></span><span class="pln"> CREATE DATABASE moodle</span><span class="pun">;</span>
<span class="pln">mysql</span><span class="pun">></span><span class="pln"> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON moodle</span><span class="pun">.*</span><span class="pln"> TO </span><span class="str">'moodleuser'</span><span class="pun">@</span><span class="str">'localhost'</span><span class="pln"> IDENTIFIED BY </span><span class="str">'PASSWORD'</span><span class="pun">;</span>
<span class="pln">mysql</span><span class="pun">></span><span class="pln"> FLUSH PRIVILEGES</span><span class="pun">;</span>
<span class="pln">mysql</span><span class="pun">></span><span class="pln"> \q</span>
一定要记得将上述 PASSWORD
替换成一个安全性强的密码。
7、 从 GitHub 仓库获取 Moodle
接下来,切换当前工作目录,并从 GitHub 官方仓库中复制 Moodle:
<span class="kwd">cd</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">var</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">www</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">html</span><span class="pun">/</span>
<span class="kwd">git</span><span class="kwd">clone</span><span class="pln"> https</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="com">//github.com/moodle/moodle.git</span>
切换到 moodle
目录,检查所有可用的分支:
<span class="kwd">cd</span><span class="pln"> moodle</span><span class="pun">/</span>
<span class="kwd">git</span><span class="pln"> branch </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">a</span>
选择最新稳定版本(当前是 MOODLE_34_STABLE
),运行以下命令告诉 git 哪个分支可以跟踪或使用:
<span class="kwd">git</span><span class="pln"> branch </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">track MOODLE_34_STABLE origin</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">MOODLE_34_STABLE</span>
并切换至这个特定版本:
<span class="kwd">git</span><span class="pln"> checkout MOODLE_34_STABLE</span>
<span class="typ">Switched</span><span class="pln"> to branch </span><span class="str">'MOODLE_34_STABLE'</span>
<span class="typ">Your</span><span class="pln"> branch </span><span class="kwd">is</span><span class="pln"> up</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">to</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="kwd">date</span><span class="kwd">with</span><span class="str">'origin/MOODLE_34_STABLE'</span><span class="pun">.</span>
为存储 Moodle 数据创建目录:
<span class="kwd">mkdir</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">var</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">moodledata</span>
正确设置其所有权和访问权限:
<span class="kwd">chown</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">R www</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">data</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">www</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">data </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">var</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">www</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">html</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">moodle</span>
<span class="kwd">chown</span><span class="pln"> www</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">data</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln">www</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">data </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">var</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">moodledata</span>
8、 配置 Apache Web 服务器
使用以下内容为您的域名创建 Apache 虚拟主机:
<span class="kwd">nano</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">apache2</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">sites</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">available</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">yourdomain</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">com</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">conf</span>
<span class="typ">ServerAdmin</span><span class="pln"> admin@yourdomain</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">com</span>
<span class="typ">DocumentRoot</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">var</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">www</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">html</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">moodle</span>
<span class="typ">ServerName</span><span class="pln"> yourdomain</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">com</span>
<span class="typ">ServerAlias</span><span class="pln"> www</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">yourdomain</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">com</span>
<span class="typ">Options</span><span class="typ">Indexes</span><span class="typ">FollowSymLinks</span><span class="typ">MultiViews</span>
<span class="typ">AllowOverride</span><span class="typ">All</span>
<span class="typ">Order</span><span class="pln"> allow</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln">deny</span>
<span class="pln">allow </span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="pln"> all</span>
<span class="typ">ErrorLog</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">var</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">log</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">httpd</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">yourdomain</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">com</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">error_log</span>
<span class="typ">CustomLog</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">var</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">log</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">httpd</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">yourdomain</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">com</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">access_log common</span>
保存文件并启用虚拟主机:
<span class="pln">a2ensite yourdomain</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">com</span>
<span class="typ">Enabling</span><span class="pln"> site yourdomain</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">com</span><span class="pun">.</span>
<span class="typ">To</span><span class="pln"> activate the </span><span class="kwd">new</span><span class="pln"> configuration</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> you need to run</span><span class="pun">:</span>
<span class="pln">service apache2 reload</span>
最后,重启 Apache Web 服务器,以使配置生效:
<span class="pln">service apache2 reload</span>
9、 接下来按照提示完成安装
现在,点击 “http://yourdomain.com”(LCTT 译注:在浏览器的地址栏里输入以上域名以访问 Apache WEB 服务器),按照提示完成 Moodle 的安装。有关如何配置和使用 Moodle 的更多信息,您可以查看其官方文档。
如果您使用我们的优化的 Moodle 托管主机服务,您不必在 Ubuntu 16.04 上安装 Moodle,在这种情况下,您只需要求我们的专业 Linux 系统管理员在 Ubuntu 16.04 上安装和配置最新版本的 Moodle。他们将提供 24×7 及时响应的服务。(LCTT 译注:这是原文作者——一个主机托管商的广告~)
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作者:RoseHosting 译者:stevenzdg988 校对:wxy