MySQL架构——MHA部署
MHA 简介
MHA（Master High Availability）
- 目前在MySQL高可用方面是一个相对成熟的解决方案，它由日本DeNA公司youshimaton（现就职于Facebook公司）开发，是一套优秀的作为MySQL高可用性环境下故障切换和主从提升的高可用软件。在MySQL故障切换过程中，MHA能做到在0~30秒之内自动完成数据库的故障切换操作，并且在进行故障切换的过程中，MHA能在最大程度上保证数据的一致性，以达到真正意义上的高可用。
该软件由两部分组成
- MHA Manager（管理节点）
- MHA Manager可以单独部署在一台单独的机器上管理多个master-slave集群，也可以部署在一台slave节点上。
- MHA Node（数据节点）
- MHA Node运行在每台MySQL服务器上，MHA Manager会定时探测集群中的master节点，当master出现故障时，它可以自动将最新数据的slave提升为新的master，然后将所有其他的slave重新指向新的master。整个故障转移过程对应用程序完全透明。
工作原理
- 在MHA自动故障切换过程中，MHA试图从宕机的主服务器上保存二进制日志，最大程度的保证数据的不丢失，但这并不总是可行的。例如，如果主服务器硬件故障或无法通过ssh访问，MHA没法保存二进制日志，只进行故障转移而丢失了最新的数据。使用MySQL 5.5的半同步复制，可以大大降低数据丢失的风险。MHA可以与半同步复制结合起来。如果只有一个slave已经收到了最新的二进制日志，MHA可以将最新的二进制日志应用于其他所有的slave服务器上，因此可以保证所有节点的数据一致性。
- 顺序
- 从宕机崩溃的master保存二进制日志事件（binlog events）;
- 识别含有最新更新的slave；
- 应用差异的中继日志（relay log）到其他的slave；
- 应用从master保存的二进制日志事件（binlog events）；
- 提升一个slave为新的master；
- 使其他的slave连接新的master进行复制
部署MHA
实验环境
- master服务器IP地址：192.144.144.131
- slave1服务器IP地址：192.144.144.140
- slave2服务器IP地址：192.144.144.136
- manager服务器IP地址：192.144.144.170
在master、slave1、slave2服务器安装mysql
yum -y install ncurses-devel gcc-c++ perl-Module-Install //安装环境包 mount.cifs //192.144.100.8/shares /mnt/ //挂载软件包目录 cd /mnt //进入挂载目录 tar zxvf mysql-5.6.26.tar.gz -C /opt/ //解压 cd /opt/mysql-5.6.26 //进入解压目录 cmake \ //配置 -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc make && make install //编译安装 groupadd mysql useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql -g mysql //创建mysql用户 chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf //复制配置文件 cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld //复制启动脚本 chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld //添加执行权限 chkconfig --add mysqld //添加声明 echo "PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile //设置化境变量 source /etc/profile //使环境变量生效
修改 mysql 的主配置文件：/etc/my.cnf ，注意三台服务器的 server-id 不能一样
//master服务器配置文件修改 vim /etc/my.cnf [mysql] server-id = 1 log_bin = master-bin log-slave-updates = true //slave1服务器配置文件修改 vim /etc/my.cnf [mysql] server-id = 2 log_bin = master-bin relay-log = relay-log-bin relay-log-index = slave-relay-bin.index //slave2服务器配置文件修改 vim /etc/my.cnf [mysql] server-id = 3 log_bin = master-bin relay-log = relay-log-bin relay-log-index = slave-relay-bin.index
三台服务器启动 mysql 服务
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/sbin/ ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlog /usr/sbin/ //创建链接文件 systemctl stop firewalld.service //关闭防火墙 setenforce 0 //关闭selinux /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql & //开启服务 [ mysql-5.6.36]# netstat -natp | grep 3306 //查看端口是否正常开发 tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 40105/mysqld
配置 Mysql 主从同步(授权分别在master、slave1、slave2服务器上都要授权)
mysql -uroot -p //进入数据库 mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to ‘myslave‘@‘192.144.144.%‘ identified by ‘123‘; //添加授权 mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to ‘mha‘@‘192.144.144.%‘ identified by ‘manager‘; //添加授权 mysql> flush privileges; //刷新数据库 mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to ‘mha‘@‘master‘ identified by ‘manager‘; //添加授权主机名 mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to ‘mha‘@‘slave1‘ identified by ‘manager‘; mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to ‘mha‘@‘slave2‘ identified by ‘manager‘; mysql> show master status; //在 Mysql 主服务器上查看二进制文件和同步点 +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | master-bin.000001 | 1215 | | | | +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
在slave1 和slave2 上分别执行同步
change master to master_host=‘192.168.144.131‘,master_user=‘myslave‘,master_password=‘123‘,master_log_file=‘master-bin.000001‘,master_log_pos=1215;
在两台从服务器上开启slave，查看 IO 和 SQL 线程是否都为 yes ，表示同步正常
mysql> start slave;
mysql> show slave status\G;
...
raster user: mnysIave
Master_ Port: 3306
Connect_ Retry: 60
Master Log_ File: master-bin .000001
Read Master Log_ Pos: 1215
Relay_ Log_ File: relay- log- bin.000002
Relay_ Log_ Pos: 284
Relay_ Master Log_ File: master- bin .000001
Slave_ IO_ Running: Yes
Slave_ SQL_ Running: Yes
Replicate DO DB:
...
mysql> set global read_only=1; //设置两个从服务器为只读模式安装MHA（所有服务器上都必须安装 MHA 依赖的环境包）
yum install epel-release --nogpgcheck -y //安装epel yum install -y perl-DBD-MYSQL perl-Config-Tiny perl-Log-Dispatch perl-Parallel-ForkManager perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker perl-CPAN cd /mnt tar zvxf mha4mysql-node-0.57.tar.gz -C /opt/ //解压node组件包 cd /opt/mha4mysql-node-0.57/ perl Makefile.PL make && make install
在manager服务器上安装 manager组件
cd /mnt tar zvxf mha4mysql-manager-0.57.tar.gz -C /opt/ cd /opt/mha4mysql-manager-0.57/ perl Makefile.PL make && make install
配置无密码认证
//在 manager 上配置到所有数据库节点的无密码认证： ssh-keygen -t rsa //因为是无密码登录，所以这步一直回车即可（会出现密钥） ssh-copy-id 192.168.144.131 ssh-copy-id 192.168.144.140 ssh-copy-id 192.168.144.136 输入“yes”；再输入密码即可 //在 master 上配置到数据库节点slave1 和slave2 的无密码认证： ssh-keygen -t rsa ssh-copy-id 192.168.144.140 ssh-copy-id 192.168.144.136 输入“yes”；再输入密码即可 //在 slave1 上配置到数据库节点master 和slave2 的无密码认证： ssh-keygen -t rsa ssh-copy-id 192.168.144.131 ssh-copy-id 192.168.144.136 输入“yes”；再输入密码即可 //在 slave2 上配置到数据库节点master 和slave1 的无密码认证： ssh-keygen -t rsa ssh-copy-id 192.168.144.131 ssh-copy-id 192.168.144.140 输入“yes”；再输入密码即可
在 manager 节点上复制相关脚本到 /usr/local/bin 目录
cp -ra /opt/mha4mysql-manager-0.57/samples/scripts/ /usr/local/bin/ ls scripts/ master_ip_failover： //自动切换时 VIP 管理的脚本； master_ip_online_change： //在线切换时 VIP 的管理； power_manager： //故障发生后关闭主机的脚本； send_report： //因故障切换后发送报警的脚本； cp /usr/local/bin/scripts/master_ip_failover /usr/local/bin/ //将自动切换时 VIP 管理的脚本复制到 /usr/local/bin/目录下
重新编写 master_ip_failover 脚本
vim /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover
#!/usr/bin/env perl
use strict;
use warnings FATAL => ‘all‘;
use Getopt::Long;
my (
$command, $ssh_user, $orig_master_host, $orig_master_ip,
$orig_master_port, $new_master_host, $new_master_ip, $new_master_port
);
#############################添加内容部分#########################################
my $vip = ‘192.168.114.100‘;
my $brdc = ‘192.168.114.255‘;
my $ifdev = ‘ens33‘;
my $key = ‘1‘;
my $ssh_start_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig ens33:$key $vip";
my $ssh_stop_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig ens33:$key down";
my $exit_code = 0;
#my $ssh_start_vip = "/usr/sbin/ip addr add $vip/24 brd $brdc dev $ifdev label $ifdev:$key;/usr/sbin/arping -q -A -c 1 -I $ifdev $vip;iptables -F;";
#my $ssh_stop_vip = "/usr/sbin/ip addr del $vip/24 dev $ifdev label $ifdev:$key";
##################################################################################
GetOptions(
‘command=s‘ => \$command,
‘ssh_user=s‘ => \$ssh_user,
‘orig_master_host=s‘ => \$orig_master_host,
‘orig_master_ip=s‘ => \$orig_master_ip,
‘orig_master_port=i‘ => \$orig_master_port,
‘new_master_host=s‘ => \$new_master_host,
‘new_master_ip=s‘ => \$new_master_ip,
‘new_master_port=i‘ => \$new_master_port,
);
exit &main();
sub main {
print "\n\nIN SCRIPT TEST====$ssh_stop_vip==$ssh_start_vip===\n\n";
if ( $command eq "stop" || $command eq "stopssh" ) {
my $exit_code = 1;
eval {
print "Disabling the VIP on old master: $orig_master_host \n";
&stop_vip();
$exit_code = 0;
};
if () {
warn "Got Error: \n";
exit $exit_code;
}
exit $exit_code;
}
elsif ( $command eq "start" ) {
my $exit_code = 10;
eval {
print "Enabling the VIP - $vip on the new master - $new_master_host \n";
&start_vip();
$exit_code = 0;
};
if () {
warn ;
exit $exit_code;
}
exit $exit_code;
}
elsif ( $command eq "status" ) {
print "Checking the Status of the script.. OK \n";
exit 0;
}
else {
&usage();
exit 1;
}
}
sub start_vip() {
`ssh $ssh_user\@$new_master_host \" $ssh_start_vip \"`;
}
# A simple system call that disable the VIP on the old_master
sub stop_vip() {
`ssh $ssh_user\@$orig_master_host \" $ssh_stop_vip \"`;
}
sub usage {
print
"Usage: master_ip_failover --command=start|stop|stopssh|status --orig_master_host=host --orig_master_ip=ip --orig_master_port=port --new_master_host=host --new_master_ip=ip --new_master_port=port\n";
}创建 MHA 软件目录并拷贝配置文件
mkdir /etc/masterha cp /opt/mha4mysql-manager-0.57/samples/conf/app1.cnf /etc/masterha/ vim /etc/masterha/app1.cnf //编辑配置文件 [server default] manager_log=/var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log manager_workdir=/var/log/masterha/app1 master_binlog_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data master_ip_failover_script=/usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover master_ip_online_change_script=/usr/local/bin/master_ip_online_change password=manager remote_workdir=/tmp repl_password=123 repl_user=myslave secondary_check_script=/usr/local/bin/masterha_secondary_check -s 192.168.114.140 -s 192.168.114.136 shutdown_script="" ssh_user=root user=mha [server1] hostname=192.168.114.131 port=3306 [server2] candidate_master=1 hostname=192.168.114.140 check_repl_delay=0 port=3306 [server3] hostname=192.168.114.136 port=3306
测试 ssh 无密码认证
masterha_check_ssh -conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf //验证密钥对 Mon Dec 16 10:32:49 2019 - [warning] Global configuration file /etc/masterha_default.cnf not found. Skipping. Mon Dec 16 10:32:49 2019 - [info] Reading application default configuration from /etc/masterha/app1.cnf.. Mon Dec 16 10:32:49 2019 - [info] Reading server configuration from /etc/masterha/app1.cnf.. Mon Dec 16 10:32:49 2019 - [info] Starting SSH connection tests.. Mon Dec 16 10:32:50 2019 - [debug] Mon Dec 16 10:32:49 2019 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from (192.168.144.131:22) to (192.168.144.136:22).. Mon Dec 16 10:32:49 2019 - [debug] ok. Mon Dec 16 10:32:49 2019 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from (192.168.144.131:22) to (192.168.144.140:22).. Mon Dec 16 10:32:50 2019 - [debug] ok. Mon Dec 16 10:32:51 2019 - [debug] Mon Dec 16 10:32:50 2019 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from (192.168.144.140:22) to (192.168.144.131:22).. Mon Dec 16 10:32:50 2019 - [debug] ok. Mon Dec 16 10:32:50 2019 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from (192.168.144.140:22) to (192.168.144.136:22).. Mon Dec 16 10:32:51 2019 - [debug] ok. Mon Dec 16 10:32:51 2019 - [debug] Mon Dec 16 10:32:49 2019 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from (192.168.144.136:22) to (192.168.144.131:22).. Mon Dec 16 10:32:50 2019 - [debug] ok. Mon Dec 16 10:32:50 2019 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from (192.168.144.136:22) to (192.168.144.140:22).. Mon Dec 16 10:32:50 2019 - [debug] ok. Mon Dec 16 10:32:51 2019 - [info] All SSH connection tests passed successfully.
验证复制
masterha_check_repl -conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf #验证复制 Mon Dec 16 10:34:36 2019 - [warning] Global configuration file /etc/masterha_default.cnf not found. Skipping. Mon Dec 16 10:34:36 2019 - [info] Reading application default configuration from /etc/masterha/app1.cnf.. Mon Dec 16 10:34:36 2019 - [info] Reading server configuration from /etc/masterha/app1.cnf.. Mon Dec 16 10:34:36 2019 - [info] MHA::MasterMonitor version 0.57. Creating directory /var/log/masterha/app1.. done. Mon Dec 16 10:34:37 2019 - [info] GTID failover mode = 0 Mon Dec 16 10:34:37 2019 - [info] Dead Servers: Mon Dec 16 10:34:37 2019 - [info] Alive Servers: Mon Dec 16 10:34:37 2019 - [info] 192.168.144.131(192.168.144.131:3306) Mon Dec 16 10:34:37 2019 - [info] 192.168.144.140(192.168.144.140:3306) Mon Dec 16 10:34:37 2019 - [info] 192.168.144.136(192.168.144.136:3306) Mon Dec 16 10:34:37 2019 - [info] Alive Slaves: Mon Dec 16 10:34:37 2019 - [info] 192.168.144.140(192.168.144.140:3306) Version=5.6.26-log (oldest major version between slaves) log-bin:enabled Mon Dec 16 10:34:37 2019 - [info] Replicating from 192.168.144.131(192.168.144.131:3306) Mon Dec 16 10:34:37 2019 - [info] Primary candidate for the new Master (candidate_master is set) Mon Dec 16 10:34:37 2019 - [info] 192.168.144.136(192.168.144.136:3306) Version=5.6.26-log (oldest major version between slaves) log-bin:enabled Mon Dec 16 10:34:37 2019 - [info] Replicating from 192.168.144.131(192.168.144.131:3306) Mon Dec 16 10:34:37 2019 - [info] Current Alive Master: 192.168.144.131(192.168.144.131:3306) Mon Dec 16 10:34:37 2019 - [info] Checking slave configurations.. Mon Dec 16 10:34:37 2019 - [warning] relay_log_purge=0 is not set on slave 192.168.144.140(192.168.144.140:3306). ... Checking the Status of the script.. OK Mon Dec 16 10:35:22 2019 - [info] OK. Mon Dec 16 10:35:22 2019 - [warning] shutdown_script is not defined. Mon Dec 16 10:35:22 2019 - [info] Got exit code 0 (Not master dead).
在主服务器设置虚拟网卡
/sbin/ifconfig ens33:1 192.168.144.170/24
manager服务器开启服务
nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf --remove_dead_master_cnf --ignore_last_failover < /dev/null > /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log 2>&1 & //启动MHA masterha_check_status --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf //检查master app1 (pid:3894) is running(0:PING_OK), master:192.168.144.131 cat /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log //查看节点信息 tailf /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log //启动监控日志
在主服务器停止MySQL模拟宕机
pkill -9 mysql
- 此时在slave1服务器查看虚拟地址是否转移到此服务器上
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