JAVA加密算法(3)- 对称加密算法(DES、3DES、AES)

对称加密算法概念

  • 加密密钥和解密密钥相同,大部分算法加密揭秘过程互逆。

  • 特点:算法公开、(相比非对称加密)计算量小、加密速度快、效率高。

  • 弱点:双方都使用同样的密钥,安全性得不到保证。

常用对称加密算法

  • DES(Data Encryption Standard)

  • 3DES(DES加强版,使用3次DES计算,Triple DES,DESede)

  • AES(Advanced Encryption Standard,3DES加强版)

JDK版DES/3DES/AES算法调用模板

1. 生成密钥

//KeyGenerator,密钥生成器
KeyGenerator keyGen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("DES");//算法:DES,DESede,AES

//初始化密钥生成器
keyGen.init(56); //各算法密钥长度不同,参见说明

//生成密钥
SecretKey secretKey = keyGen.generateKey();

//生产字节码数据
byte[] key = secretKey.getEncoded();

说明:
1.通过「KeyGenerator.getInstance("DES")」生成密钥,
2.参数为算法名称:分别对应DES、DESede(即3DES)、AES
3.每种算法密钥长度参数:DES(56),3DES(112,168),AES(192,256)

2.加/解密

//通过字节码数据key 恢复密钥
SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, "DES");

//Cipher完成加密/解密工作
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES");

//根据密钥,对Cipher初始化,并选择加密还是解密
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey);

byte[] result = cipher.doFinal(data);

1.加密或解密都通过cipher.init()设置,参数:ENCRYPT_MODE/DECRYPT_MODE
2.加密或解密都通过cipher.doFinal() 执行,获得byte[]类型结果。

代码示例

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;


public class DESUtil {
    
    /*
     * 生成密钥
     */
    public static byte[] initKey() throws Exception{
        KeyGenerator keyGen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("DES");
        keyGen.init(56);
        SecretKey secretKey = keyGen.generateKey();
        return secretKey.getEncoded();
    }

    
    /*
     * DES 加密
     */
    public static byte[] encrypt(byte[] data, byte[] key) throws Exception{
        SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, "DES");
        
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES");
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
        byte[] cipherBytes = cipher.doFinal(data);
        return cipherBytes;
    }
    
    
    /*
     * DES 解密
     */
    public static byte[] decrypt(byte[] data, byte[] key) throws Exception{
        SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, "DES");
        
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES");
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
        byte[] plainBytes = cipher.doFinal(data);
        return plainBytes;
    }

    //Test
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    byte[] desKey = DESUtil.initKey();
        System.out.println("DES KEY : " + BytesToHex.fromBytesToHex(desKey));
        byte[] desResult = DESUtil.encrypt(DATA.getBytes(), desKey);
        System.out.println(DATA + ">>>DES 加密结果>>>" + BytesToHex.fromBytesToHex(desResult));
        
        byte[] desPlain = DESUtil.decrypt(desResult, desKey);
        System.out.println(DATA + ">>>DES 解密结果>>>" + new String(desPlain));
    }
}

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